Lacanian theory is not only a theoretical support for a certain kind of clinical practice, but also a powerful intervention in the traditional field of philosophy. The article aims to develop the sense in which the concept of the unconscious can be understood as a genuinely speculative concept. It starts from two different readings of the Cartesian cogito proposed by Lacan and insists on the significant fact that Lacan develops his second reading of the cogito in the context of his (...) discussion of the logic of fantasy. It has been suggested by some interpreters that Lacan’s concept of fantasy – as that which gives us access to reality – echoes the Kantian notion of the transcendental. The article explores their similarities and differences in order to show what constitutes Lacan’s truly revolutionary contribution to modern philosophy, particularly when it comes to questions of objectivity, objective knowledge and the subject’s place within it. It proposes to formulate this revolutionary contribution with the following thesis: the same thing that makes possible the formations of the unconscious also makes possible objective, scientific knowledge. And this something is the gap, the hole that the subject bores in reality when it is constituted as the subject of knowledge vis-à-vis or in relation to reality. For this is precisely the gap, the rupture, where the signifier, the signifying chain, takes hold of the real and becomes something other than a mere reflection or symbolic reproduction/redoubling of reality. (shrink)

Two terms in the Kantian lexicon derives from the Latin metaphysical tradition of the res: Realität and Wirklichkeit. The first one expresses one of the categ...

L’intento di questo articolo è di porre in luce come, all’interno della Critica della ragione dialettica temi quali Prassi, Materia e Destino siano in un necessario ed essenziale rapporto. Per fare emergere tale cooriginarietà, ci siamo serviti della parola “costituzione”, intendendo con questa non una qualche descrizione statica, quanto piuttosto il senso dinamico della Storia secondo una motilità particolare, l’errare.

Il saggio propone una ricognizione nell'estetica dei media contemporanei.

Nella filosofia moderna la coscienza e la memoria sono state considerate fattori identitari cruciali. L’articolo analizza il ruolo svolto dagli odori nella costituzione dell’identità personale, distinguendo tre livelli: corporeo , socio-culturale e personale . Da un lato, il proprio odore corporeo funge da principium individuationis. Dall’altro, gli odori costituiscono la base di una comunità chiusa ed estremamente conservatrice. Infine, il sé emerge rammentando le proprie «storie» e i ricordi sugli odori.Consciousness and memory were considered identitary key factors in modern (...) philosophy. The article deals with the role played by smells in constituting the identity of the self, on three levels: corporeal , social-cultural , and personal . On the one hand, own’s body smell acts as a principium individuationis. On the other, smells ground a closed and utmost conservative community. Finally, self emerges by recollecting his/her own «stories» and memories about smells. (shrink)

Is het nog de moeite waard om het op te nemen voor de transcendentale kritiek van Dooyeweerd? Deze vraag suggereert dat de transcendentale kritiek wanneer zij aan zichzelf overgelaten zou worden, niet meer te redden is. Dat is misschien wat overdreven, maar één ding is duidelijk: de transcendentale kritiek is niet onomstreden, zelfs niet onder de meest trouwe volgelingen van Dooyeweerd. En daarin zit iets paradoxaals: het was hem er immers om te doen met zijn transcendentale (...) kritiek ‘de denkgemeenschap in het avondland’ te herstellen, maar het lukt hem niet eens om de denkgemeenschap onder gelijkgezinden op dit punt te bewaren. Intentie en werkelijkheid lopen hier dus ver uiteen. Daar zijn verschillende redenen voor. In de eerste plaats lijkt de transcendentale kritiek geplaagd te worden door een tweetal tegenstrijdige uitgangspunten. Kort gezegd komen deze uitgangspunten hierop neer: 1) de transcendentale kritiek poogt aan te tonen dat ieder theoretisch denken uitgaat van religieuze uitgangspunten; het theoretische denken is dus niet neutraal, zelfgenoegzaam of autonoom; 2) het onder punt 1 genoemde kan worden aangetoond door een stringente analyse van de aard van het theoretische denken zelf, zoals het door ieder die zich bezighoudt met wetenschap en wijsbegeerte beoefend wordt. De vraag is nu of het eerste punt niet impliceert, dat het tweede onmogelijk is. (shrink)

Otto Hintze was an excellent example of the cultural turmoil that hit historical and political studies in the great crisis between nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with respect to the destiny of the European tradition and its projection in a political world dominated by new universalistic perspectives. Hintze moved thus between a historiography which was for long time attentive to the Prussian case – which he considered almost a paradigm of the modern State – and political science, in constant tension with (...) Weber’s contemporary foundation of a comprehensive sociology. The essay attempts to investigate the foundational question of legitimacy as the deepest and most innovative character of Hintze’s work. (shrink)

Il concetto di democrazia ed i progetti di costituzione elaborati da Rousseau vengono posti a confronto con la teoria del governo rappresentativo di Guizot: in particolare vengono esaminate le prospettive olistiche e individualistiche nel processo di individuazione della volontà generale attraverso il suffragio. Il ruolo della volontà prevale nella teoria rappresentativa di Rosseau, mentre per Guizot la ragione deve essere predominante sulla volontà. La libertà viene considerata irrinunciabile da Rousseau, che però non accetta una libertà di fede, preferendo l'istituzione (...) di una religione civile obbligatoria. Guizot riprende il concetto di cittadinanza esposto da Kant e lo pone come condizione necessaria per l'elettorato attivo, contro una visione democratica rivoluzionaria. Il concetto di corpo politico, nella prospettiva di Gonzague de Reynold Cressier, presenta notevoli affinità con la teoria del governo rappresentativo di Guizot, che si fonda sulla concezione di una società divisa in classi che devono permanere ben distinte, ma unite nel perseguimento dell'interesse generale. A tal fine, l'etimologia dell'espressione “democrazia” viene ricondotta ai demi (le tribù attiche) ed alle loro capacità censuarie e non al popolo, né come totalità, né come insieme di individui. (shrink)

The Italian «constitutional compromise» between the liberal, catholic, and socialist-communist traditions and the «fordist-keynesian compromise» between capital and labor are two frequent set expressions. They are often put together, and sometimes overlapped, insofar as they share an emphasis on the central role of labor, the former putting it at the very foundation of the Republic, the latter at the core of the virtuous circle of mass production and mass consumption. Starting from a discussion of these formulas, the essay will propose (...) some lines of research for the history of the Italian Republic, not without significance for contemporary political discourse. (shrink)

t. 1. La déduction transcendentale avant la Critique de la raison pure.--t. 2. La déduction transcendentale de 1781 jusqu'à la deuxième édition de la Critique de la raison pure (1887).--t. 3. La déduction transcendentale de 1787 jusqu'à l'Opus postumum.