Aristotelovo određenje tragičnoga

Metodicki Ogledi 18 (2):31-39 (2011)
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Abstract

Budući da Platon u Državi smatra da su pjesnici tragičari imitatori i da su zato trostruko udaljeni od istine, zanimat će nas na koji način Aristotelov koncept onog tragičnog kao svrhu zapravo ima otkriti istinu o čovjeku. Aristotel u Poetici definira tragediju kao »oponašanje ozbiljne i cjelovite radnje primjerene veličine ukrašenim govorom i to svakom od vrsta ukrašavanja napose u odgovarajućim dijelovima tragedije. Oponašanje se vrši ljudskim djelanjem, a ne naracijom i ono sažaljenjem i strahom postiže očišćenje takvih osjećaja« . Dok Platon želi isključiti tragediju iz svoje idealne države zbog njezine pogubnosti po hrabrost, Aristotel u svojem shvaćanju tragičnoga ukazuje na sasvim suprotno djelovanje, a to je da tragedija, pobuđujući doživljaje ganutosti i užasa, oslobađa od potisnutih emocija, daje ugodno olakšanje i vodi prema hrabrosti. U tom kontekstu razradit će se Aristotelovo određenje tragičnoga kao put prema hrabrosti i pročišćenju emocija.Since Plato in The Republic argues that tragedian poets are imitators and therefore triply distant from the truth, we will be interested how Aristotle's concept of the tragical in fact has a purpose to reveal the truth about the man. Aristotle in Poetics defines the tragedy “as an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions” . While Plato wants to exclude tragedy from his ideal state because of its fatality for the courage, Aristotle in his comprehension of the tragical points to the completely opposite effect. Thus tragedy inspiring experience of pity and fear liberates from the suppressed emotions, gives pleasant relief and leads to the courage. In that context Aristotle's defining tragical as a way to leading courage and purification of emotions will be elaborated

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