Results for 'relativity of motion'

964 found
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  1.  32
    Relativity of motion: From Occam to Galileo.Walter E. Gross - 1974 - Annals of Science 31 (6):529-545.
  2.  23
    Newton on the Relativity of Motion and the Method of Mathematical Physics.Robert DiSalle - 2023 - In Marius Stan & Christopher Smeenk, Theory, Evidence, Data: Themes from George E. Smith. Springer. pp. 43-64.
    The work of George Smith has illuminated how Newton’s scientific method, and its use in constructing the theory of universal gravitation, introduced an entirely new sense of what it means for a theory to be supported by evidence. This new sense goes far beyond Newton’s well known dissatisfaction with hypothetico-deductive confirmation, and his preference for conclusions that are derived from empirical premises by means of mathematical laws of motion. It was a sense of empirical success that George was especially (...)
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  3.  28
    Descartes and the Relativity of Motion.Thomas Prendergast - 1972 - Modern Schoolman 50 (1):64-72.
  4.  11
    On the Relativity of Motion in Leonhard Euler's Science.Giulio Maltese - 2000 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 54 (4):319-348.
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  5.  5
    The theory of the relativity of motion.Richard C. Tolman - 1917 - Berkeley,: University of California press.
    This book presents an introduction to Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which has become a necessary part of the theoretical equipment of every physicist. Even if we regard the Einstein theory of relativity merely as a convenient tool for the prediction of electromagnetic and optical phenomena, its importance to the physicist is very great, not only because its introduction greatly simplifies the deduction of many theorems which were already familiar in the older theories based on a stationary ether, but (...)
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  6. Professor Maxwell on the relativity of motion.James K. Thacker - 1879 - Mind 4 (14):262-266.
  7.  41
    Motion, Body and Corporeal Substance in Leibniz: The Defense of Relativity of Motion and its Impact in the Development of his Metaphysics of Bodies.Rodolfo Fazio - 2017 - Eidos: Revista de Filosofía de la Universidad Del Norte 26:238-267.
    Resumen En este trabajo evaluamos el impacto que la adopción de la relatividad del movimiento tiene en la metafísica de Leibniz. En particular argumentamos que el abandono de la comprensión absolutista del mismo anula su noción juvenil de sustancia corpórea. En primer lugar analizamos cómo entiende Leibniz las nociones de cuerpo y movimiento en el periodo juvenil y defendemos que la comprensión absolutista de este último constituye una piedra angular en su primera concepción de la sustancia corpórea. En segundo lugar (...)
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  8.  31
    Perception of relative visual motion.E. Thelin - 1927 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 10 (4):321.
  9.  20
    Equations of motion in general relativity.J. N. Goldberg - 1971 - In Charles Goethe Kuper & Asher Peres, Relativity and gravitation. New York,: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. pp. 1--189.
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  10.  95
    Literal versus Careful Interpretations of Scientific Theories: The Vacuum Approach to the Problem of Motion in General Relativity.Dennis Lehmkuhl - 2017 - Philosophy of Science 84 (5):1202-1214.
    The problem of motion in general relativity is about how exactly the gravitational field equations, the Einstein equations, are related to the equations of motion of material bodies subject to gravitational fields. This article compares two approaches to derive the geodesic motion of matter from the field equations: the ‘T approach’ and the ‘vacuum approach’. The latter approach has been dismissed by philosophers of physics because it apparently represents material bodies by singularities. I argue that a (...)
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  11. Kant’s Early Theory of Motion.Marius Stan - 2009 - The Leibniz Review 19:29-61.
    This paper examines the young Kant’s claim that all motion is relative, and argues that it is the core of a metaphysical dynamics of impact inspired by Leibniz and Wolff. I start with some background to Kant’s early dynamics, and show that he rejects Newton’s absolute space as a foundation for it. Then I reconstruct the exact meaning of Kant’s relativity, and the model of impact he wants it to support. I detail (in Section II and III) his (...)
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  12.  9
    Discovery of Motion: An Introduction to Natural Philosophy.John Granville - 2007 - Citrus Press.
    John Granville's first book is unique on several counts. First, it's not simply a history of science, but rather a history of our evolving unerstanding of motion. It's unique in the detailed explanations given to common scientific riddles-explanations aimed to help students avoid catastrophic collisions with these concepts in college. It's unique in that it resents the philosophies on which the major scientific paradigm shifts rest. It's unique in its presentation from Thomas Kuhn's point of view (i.e., his concept (...)
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  13. Does analysis of relative visual motion require two computational stages or three?M. Wright - 1996 - In Enrique Villanueva, Perception. Ridgeview Pub. Co. pp. 1375-1375.
     
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  14.  77
    General relativity as a hybrid theory: The genesis of Einstein's work on the problem of motion.Dennis Lehmkuhl - 2019 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 67:176-190.
  15.  54
    The concept of transition and its role in Leibniz’s and Whitehead’s metaphysics of motion.Tamar Levanon - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42 (2):352-361.
    Leibniz’s and Whitehead’s analyses of motion are at the heart of their metaphysical schemes. These schemes are to be considered as two blueprints of a similar metaphysical intuition that emerged during two breakthrough eras, that is, the 17th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and retained the Aristotelian idea that existence requires an active principle. The two philosophers’ attempts to elucidate this idea in the context of their analyses of motion still interact with central, longstanding questions (...)
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  16.  27
    Newton’s Criticism of Descartes’s Concept of Motion.Matjaž Vesel - 2022 - Filozofski Vestnik 42 (3).
    The author argues that Newton’s distinction between absolute and relative motion, i.e. the refusal to define motion in relation to sensible things, in “Scholium on time, space, place and motion” from _Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy_, stems in great part from his critical stance towards Descartes’s philosophy of nature. This is apparent from the comparison of “Scholium”, in which Descartes is not mentioned at all, with Newton’s criticism of him in his manuscript _De gravitatione_. The positive results (...)
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  17.  80
    Characterizability of Free Motion in Special Relativity.Udo Schelb - 2000 - Foundations of Physics 30 (6):867-892.
    The concept of forcefree motion is primitive, i.e., unexplained, in special relativity. The paper demonstrates a way to characterize it by “more primitive,” directly operationally interpreted notions. These are the worldlines of (more or less) pointlike, but non-quantum bodies and of light signals, clock parametrizations of the former kind of worldlines and the direction, in which an observer sees a light signal go out. Already at this general level one can define the “radar distance” and the “radar (initial) (...)
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  18.  47
    The Effect of the Relative Motion of Atoms on the Frequency of the Emitted Light and the Reinterpretation of the Ives-Stilwell Experiment.C. I. Christov - 2010 - Foundations of Physics 40 (6):575-584.
    We examine the process of the emission of light from an atom that is in a relative translational motion with respect to the medium at rest in which the electromagnetic excitations propagate. The effect of Lorentz contraction of the of electron orbits on the emitted frequency is incorporated in the Rydberg formula, as well as the emitter’s Doppler effect is acknowledged. The result is that the frequency of the emitted light is modified by a factor that is identical with (...)
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  19. Predicting the motion of particles in Newtonian mechanics and special relativity.C. G., G. R. & H. J. - 1998 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 29 (1):81-122.
    This paper and its predecessor () are about the question: 'Are the events in the entire universe encoded in and predictable from any of its parts?' To approach a positive answer in classical physics, the following result is proved and commented on: in Newton's theory of gravitation, the entire trajectory of a particle can be predicted given any segment of it, regardless of how the other particles are moving-provided that there is only a finite number of particles and that their (...)
     
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  20.  31
    Does Allocation of Attention Influence Relative Velocity and Strength of Illusory Line Motion?Timothy L. Hubbard & Susan E. Ruppel - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:302657.
    In illusory line motion, presentation of a cue is followed by presentation of a nearby stationary line, and the line is perceived to “unfold,” “expand,” or “extend” away from the cue. Effects of the allocation of attention regarding where the cue or the line would be presented were measured in three experiments, and ratings of relative velocity and relative strength of illusory motion were collected. Findings included (a) relative velocity and relative strength decreased with increases in SOA from (...)
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  21.  58
    The motion of charged test particles in general relativity.Peter A. Hogan & Ivor Robinson - 1985 - Foundations of Physics 15 (5):617-627.
    We derive, from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations, the Lorentz equations of motion with radiation reaction for a charged mass particle moving in a background gravitational and electromagnetic field by utilizing a line element for the background space-time in a coordinate system specially adapted to the world line of the particle. The particle is introduced via perturbations of the background space-time (and electromagnetic field) which are singular only on the source world line.
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  22.  34
    Detectability of relative motion as a function of exposure duration, angular separation, and background.Lewis O. Harvey & John A. Michon - 1974 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 103 (2):317.
  23. A quantum mechanical analysis of time and motion in relativity theory.Diederik Aerts & Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi - 2024 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 39 (2):165-191.
    An operational approach to quantum mechanics has been developed in the past decades in our group in Brussels. A similar approach is taken in this work, making use of the extra operational depth offered by this approach, to show that the construction of spacetime is specific to each observer. What is usually referred to as the block universe then emerges by noting that parts of the past and future are also contained in the present, but without the limitations that a (...)
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  24.  33
    Energy-Momentum Tensors and Motion in Special Relativity.Domenico Giulini - unknown
    The notions of ``motion'' and ``conserved quantities'', if applied to extended objects, are already quite non-trivial in Special Relativity. This contribution is meant to remind us on all the relevant mathematical structures and constructions that underlie these concepts, which we will review in some detail. Next to the prerequisites from Special Relativity, like Minkowski space and its automorphism group, this will include the notion of a body in Minkowski space, the momentum map, a characterisation of the habitat (...)
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  25.  46
    Motion Event Similarity Judgments in One or Two Languages: An Exploration of Monolingual Speakers of English and Chinese vs. L2 Learners of English.Yinglin Ji - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8:246366.
    Languages differ systematically in how to encode a motion event. English characteristically expresses manner in verb root and path in verb particle; in Chinese, varied aspects of motion, such as manner, path and cause, can be simultaneously encoded in a verb compound. This study investigates whether typological differences, as such, influence how first and second language learners conceptualise motion events, as suggested by behavioural evidences. Specifically, the performance of Chinese learners of English, at three proficiencies, was compared (...)
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  26. A study of relative motion in connection with classical mechanics.H. Zanstra - 1924 - Physical Review 23:528--45.
     
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  27.  24
    Absolute or Relative Motion? A Study from the Machian point of view of the discovery and structure of dynamical theories: Volume 1: The Discovery of Dynamics.Stephen Gaukroger - 1992 - Philosophical Books 31 (4):252-253.
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  28.  31
    The relative importance of spatial versus temporal structure in the perception of biological motion: An event-related potential study.Masahiro Hirai & Kazuo Hiraki - 2006 - Cognition 99 (1):B15-B29.
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  29.  30
    Relative contributions of face and body configurations: Perceiving emotional state and motion intention.Betsy App, Catherine L. Reed & Daniel N. McIntosh - 2012 - Cognition and Emotion 26 (4):690-698.
  30.  11
    Absolute or Relative Motion? A Study From the Machian Point of View of the Discovery and the Structure of Dynamical Theories.Julian B. Barbour - 1988 - Cambridge University Press.
    This richly detailed biography captures both the personal life and the scientific career of Isaac Newton, presenting a fully rounded picture of Newton the man, the scientist, the philosopher, the theologian, and the public figure. Professor Westall treats all aspects of Newton's career, but his account centers on a full description of Newton's achievements in science. Thus the core of the work describes the development of the calculus, the experimentation that altered the direction of the science of optics, and especially (...)
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  31. Derivation of Classical Mechanics in an Energetic Framework via Conservation and Relativity.Philip Goyal - 2020 - Foundations of Physics 1 (11):1426-1479.
    The notions of conservation and relativity lie at the heart of classical mechanics, and were critical to its early development. However, in Newton’s theory of mechanics, these symmetry principles were eclipsed by domain-specific laws. In view of the importance of symmetry principles in elucidating the structure of physical theories, it is natural to ask to what extent conservation and relativity determine the structure of mechanics. In this paper, we address this question by deriving classical mechanics—both nonrelativistic and relativistic—using (...)
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  32.  30
    Absolute or Relative Motion? A Study from a Machian Point of View of the Discovery and the Structure of Dynamical Theories. Volume I: The Discovery of DynamicsJulian B. Barbour.J. Brackenridge - 1991 - Isis 82 (3):540-541.
  33.  65
    The Energy of a Dynamical Wave-Emitting System in General Relativity.F. I. Cooperstock & S. Tieu - 2003 - Foundations of Physics 33 (7):1033-1059.
    The problem of energy and its localization in general relativity is critically re-examined. The Tolman energy integral for the Eddington spinning rod is analyzed in detail and evaluated apart from a single term. It is shown that a higher order iteration is required to find its value. Details of techniques to solve mathematically challenging problems of motion with powerful computing resources are provided. The next phase of following a system from static to dynamic to final quasi-static state is (...)
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  34.  18
    Moving Objects, Moved Observers: On the Treatment of the Problem of Relativity in Poetic Texts and Scientific Prose.Ulrich Stadler - 2005 - Science in Context 18 (4):607-627.
    ArgumentWhen Copernicus pointed out that the apparent movement of the sun was in fact the effect of the rotation of the earth, he explained his view by referring to a passage in Virgil's Aeneid. Thus he established the link between science and literature. This topic recurred frequently in both science and literature whenever the question of the relativity of motion arose. In this article, I will focus above all on two authors who took up this question: Ernst Mach (...)
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  35.  62
    Relativity vs. absolute simultaneity: Varying flow of time or varying frequency?Avril Styrman - 2018 - Physics Essays 31 (3):256-284.
    The General Theory of Relativity (GR) and the Dynamic Universe (DU) are evaluated in how they explain frequencies of atomic clocks. DU and GR predict the frequencies with equal accuracy, but their explanations, the postulates they apply in the explanations and the word-views that come along with them are entirely different. The central argument is that if unified and under- standable physics is appreciated, then DU deserves to be taken as a viable alternative to GR. In GR different frequencies (...)
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  36.  96
    Local Motion and the Principle of Inertia.Thomas McLaughlin - 2004 - International Philosophical Quarterly 44 (2):239-264.
    I argue that the Aristotelian definition of motion,“the act of what exists potentially insofar as it exists potentially,” and the mover causality principle,“whatever is moved is moved by another,” are compatible with Newton’s First Law of Motion, which treats inertialmotion as a state equivalent to rest and which requires no sustaining mover for such motion. Both traditions treat motion as such as requiring an initial, generating mover but not necessarily a sustaining motor. Through examining examples of (...)
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  37.  35
    Maximal motion and minimal matter: Aristotelian physics and special relativity.John W. Keck - 2022 - Synthese 200 (5):1-26.
    This paper shows how key aspects of Aristotle’s core concepts of matter and motion, some of which have recently been shown to help make sense of quantum mechanical indeterminacy, align with some important results of the energy-momentum relationship of special relativity. In this conception, mobility and indeterminacy are inherently linked to each other and to materiality. Applying these ideas to massless particles, which relativity tells us move at the maximal cosmic speed, allows us to draw the conclusion (...)
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  38.  44
    The motion of small bodies in space‐time.Robert Geroch & James Owen Weatherall - unknown
    We consider the motion of small bodies in general relativity. The key result captures a sense in which such bodies follow timelike geodesics. This result clarifies the relationship between approaches that model such bodies as distributions supported on a curve, and those that employ smooth fields supported in small neighborhoods of a curve. This result also applies to "bodies" constructed from wave packets of Maxwell or Klein-Gordon fields. There follows a simple and precise formulation of the optical limit (...)
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  39. Absolute and relative motion.Marius Stan - 2022 - In Charles Wolfe Dana Jalobeanu, Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences. Springer. pp. 1-8.
    Modern philosophy of physics debates whether motion is absolute or relative. The debate began in the 1600s, so it deserves a close look here. Primarily, it was a controversy in metaphysics, but it had epistemic aspects too. I begin with the former, and then touch upon the latter at the end.
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  40. Why Continuous Motions Cannot Be Composed of Sub-motions: Aristotle on Change, Rest, and Actual and Potential Middles.Caleb Cohoe - 2018 - Apeiron 51 (1):37-71.
    I examine the reasons Aristotle presents in Physics VIII 8 for denying a crucial assumption of Zeno’s dichotomy paradox: that every motion is composed of sub-motions. Aristotle claims that a unified motion is divisible into motions only in potentiality (δυνάμει). If it were actually divided at some point, the mobile would need to have arrived at and then have departed from this point, and that would require some interval of rest. Commentators have generally found Aristotle’s reasoning unconvincing. Against (...)
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  41. Predicting the motion of particles in Newtonian mechanics and special relativity.Jan Hendrik Schmidt - 1998 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 29 (1):81-122.
  42.  85
    Does Grammatical Aspect Affect Motion Event Cognition? A Cross-Linguistic Comparison of English and Swedish Speakers.Panos Athanasopoulos & Emanuel Bylund - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (2):286-309.
    In this article, we explore whether cross-linguistic differences in grammatical aspect encoding may give rise to differences in memory and cognition. We compared native speakers of two languages that encode aspect differently (English and Swedish) in four tasks that examined verbal descriptions of stimuli, online triads matching, and memory-based triads matching with and without verbal interference. Results showed between-group differences in verbal descriptions and in memory-based triads matching. However, no differences were found in online triads matching and in memory-based triads (...)
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  43.  57
    The Motion of a Body in Newtonian Theories.James Owen Weatherall - 2011 - Journal of Mathematical Physics 52 (3):032502.
    A theorem due to Bob Geroch and Pong Soo Jang [“Motion of a Body in General Relativity.” Journal of Mathematical Physics 16, ] provides the sense in which the geodesic principle has the status of a theorem in General Relativity. Here we show that a similar theorem holds in the context of geometrized Newtonian gravitation. It follows that in Newtonian gravitation, as in GR, inertial motion can be derived from other central principles of the theory.
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  44.  45
    General relativity; papers in honour of J. L. Synge.J. L. Synge & L. O'Raifeartaigh (eds.) - 1972 - Oxford,: Clarendon Press.
    Lanczos, C. Einstein's path from special to general relativity.--Balazs, N. L. The acceptability of physical theories: Poincaré versus Einstein.--Ellis, G. F. R. Global and non-global problems in cosmology, by G. F. R. Ellis and D. W. Sciama.--Ehlers, J. The geometry of free fall and light propagation, by J. Ehlers, F. A. E. Pirani and A. Schild.--Trautman, A. Invariance of Lagrangian systems.--Penrose, R. The geometry of impulsive gravitational waves.--Exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations for an accelerated charge.--Taub, A. H. Plane-symmetric (...)
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  45. On the distinction between absolute and relative motion.Robert Rynasiewicz - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (1):70-93.
    One of the issues dividing "absolutists" and "relationists" is the question whether all motion is relative motion or, in the words of Earman, spacetime has "structures that support absolute quantities of motion." This paper argues that, despite the enormous literature bearing on the topic, it is problematic to formulate a general criterion for when a quantity counts as absolute in contrast to merely relative in a way that is not hopelessly parasitic on other, presumably distinct, senses of (...)
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  46.  87
    Leibniz on relativity and the motion of bodies.Paul Lodge - 2003 - Philosophical Topics 31 (1/2):277--308.
  47.  50
    Aristotle on Nature: A Study in the Relativity of Concepts and Procedures of Analysis.H. S. Thayer - 1975 - Review of Metaphysics 28 (4):725 - 744.
    A fundamental and familiar feature of Aristotle’s natural philosophy is his use of the concept of physis as an explanatory principle of the development and growth of certain kinds of things. Natural things are those that possess within them an original principle of continuous movement towards some completion. Nature is thus said to belong among the causes which are for the sake of something or are purposeful. The concept is crucial, Aristotle argues, if one is to be able to explain (...)
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  48.  77
    Inertial motion, explanation, and the foundations of classical spacetime theories.James Owen Weatherall - 2016 - In Dennis Lehmkuhl, Gregor Schiemann & Erhard Scholz, Towards a Theory of Spacetime Theories. New York, NY: Birkhauser. pp. 13-42.
    I begin by reviewing some recent work on the status of the geodesic principle in general relativity and the geometrized formulation of Newtonian gravitation. I then turn to the question of whether either of these theories might be said to ``explain'' inertial motion. I argue that there is a sense in which both theories may be understood to explain inertial motion, but that the sense of ``explain'' is rather different from what one might have expected. This sense (...)
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  49. Rigid Body Motion in Special Relativity.Jerrold Franklin - 2013 - Foundations of Physics 43 (12):1489-1501.
    We study the acceleration and collisions of rigid bodies in special relativity. After a brief historical review, we give a physical definition of the term ‘rigid body’ in relativistic straight line motion. We show that the definition of ‘rigid body’ in relativity differs from the usual classical definition, so there is no difficulty in dealing with rigid bodies in relativistic motion. We then describe The motion of a rigid body undergoing constant acceleration to a given (...)
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  50. Ch 1: Motion and relativity before Newton.Nicholas Huggett - manuscript
    Where should we begin our story? Many books start with Newton, but Newton was responding to both Galileo1 and especially (for our purposes) Descartes. But Galileo and Descartes themselves were writing in the context of late Aristotelianism, and so were trained in and critical of that rich school of thought, so if we want to fully understand their work we would need to understand scholastic views on space and motion (see Grant, 1974, Murdoch and Sylla, 1978 and Ariew and (...)
     
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