The article discusses various conditions of contemporary artificial intelligence, namely deep learning mechanisms, to emphasize its limitations and argues for an antihumanistic view of contemporary technology. It starts from affirming Turing test and argues that machines can in fact be intelligent but that this intelligence must not be related to a capitalistically hyped idea of artificial general intelligence. Then it outlines various conditions on which deep learning depends in its functioning (brute computing power, capitalist datafication, the world of contingency). These (...) conditions show an epistemological schism in the field of artificial intelligence (between symbolic AI and connectionism) that could be overcome by getting rid of the idea of artificial general intelligence and the competitive relation between humans and machines. (shrink)

The article discusses various conditions of contemporary artificial intelligence, namely deep learning mechanisms, to emphasize its limitations and argues for an antihumanistic view of contemporary technology. It starts from affirming Turing test and argues that machines can in fact be intelligent but that this intelligence must not be related to a capitalistically hyped idea of artificial general intelligence. Then it outlines various conditions on which deep learning depends in its functioning (brute computing power, capitalist datafication, the world of contingency). These (...) conditions show an epistemological schism in the field of artificial intelligence (between symbolic AI and connectionism) that could be overcome by getting rid of the idea of artificial general intelligence and the competitive relation between humans and machines. (shrink)

One of the most significant developments in the area of reproductive health in Ireland is theRoche v. Roche[2009] case. The case concerned a woman who wished to implant cryopreserved embryos made with a former partner, against the partner’s wishes. Of particular interest are questions about the status of the embryo: in Ireland the life of “the unborn” is constitutionally protected. Therefore the courts inRochehad to decide whether embryos were “unborn” within the meaning of the Irish Constitution.

Concept of Triratna or triple gem in Buddhism.

Hier geht es um eine Auseinandersetzung mit Nicolai Hartmann unter dem Aspekt der Nächsten- und der Fernstenliebe. Der Autor kritisiert Hartmanns Auffassung der Nächstenliebe (für Hartmann Jenseits-Eudämo- nismus) und Fernstenliebe (für Hartmann Idealbild) und plädiert für eine Erweiterung des christlichen Begriffs des Nächsten und der Nächstenliebe, die vor allem die Zukunftsperspektive mit einschliesst und den Begriff «Fernstenliebe» überflüssig macht.

이 논문은 韓末 성리학의 전통을 충실히 실천한 畿湖 계열인 毅堂學波의 한 면모를 살피기 위해 근대 충북지역에서 활약한 明窩 鄭糺海(1890-1970)의 생애와 학문관을 살핀 논문이다. 의당학파는 의당 박세화와 그의 문인들을 지칭하는 바, 박세화를 비롯하여 晦堂 尹膺善, 直堂 申鉉國, 陽庵 柳芝赫, 明窩 鄭糺海 등이 있다. 의당학파는 華西學派, 艮齋學派, 淵齋學派, 艮齋學派, 蘆沙學派와 아울러 한말 기호학파를 대변하고 있었다. 이번에 소개한 인물인 정규해는 일제강점기 제천에서 의병 활동을 한 毅堂 朴世和의 문인으로 毅堂學派의 대표적 인물 중 한명으로 강인하고 높은 인품의 소유자며 근대 지성인의 면모를 소유한 인물로 그동안 학계에 (...) 소개되지 않았고 저서인 『明窩集』 역시 본고를 통해 처음 학계에 보고되었다. 의당학파는 理氣는 서로 분리할 수 없고(不相離), 서로 혼동할 수 없다(不相雜)는 원칙과 理와 氣는 두 가지면서 하나이고(二物而一體), 하나이면서 두 가지(一體而二物)이라는 학설을 주장하였다. 이 학설은 당시 화서학파와 간재학파의 치열한 학술 논쟁에 대해 절충적이면서도 독특한 면모를 보여 주고 있다. 정규해는 의당학파의 主敬과 祛私․求仁 등과 二物而一體와 一體而二物의 성리설을 충실히 계승한 인물이다. 그리고 그는 程子의 作文害道 주장을 근거로 문학은 반드시 道가 함양되어야하고 道가 없는 문학은 올바른 문학의 길로 갈 수 없으면 순정한 문학은 道와 文이 일치된 문학임을 주장하였다. 이런 주장은 이전 성리학자들의 소유한 道文一致․道本文末을 계승하였음을 보여주고 있다. (shrink)

This article investigates the views of Song Siyeol 宋時烈 (1607–1689), a Confucian scholar-official in Joseon Korea, on marriage ritual, with a special focus on the issue of women’s remarriage. Song opposed the legal ban on women’s remarriage that was enforced in his age, despite the danger this invited of being accused of promoting licentious deeds as well as generating suspicion about his loyalty as a subject. He clearly understood women’s remarriage as an ethical and not a legal issue. The ethical (...) principle of his conception of spousal loyalty, or ui 義, however, reveals its gendered aspect through his discussion with a fellow Confucian scholar. Moreover, his private behavior exemplifies the gendered aspects of his view on spousal fidelity. In addition, the unequal application of ui was supported by beliefs about the asymmetrical relation between Heaven and Earth, that were widely held and deployed by Confucians of Joseon Korea. (shrink)