The constitutional system of the Czech Republic, which is established on the principles of a parliamentary form of government, takes into account the possibility of dissolving the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The Chamber of Deputies is a chamber to which the government is accountable and this is the chamber in which the major part of the authority of Parliament is concentrated. Parliamentary systems have been also structured according to whether a certain amount of balance (...) of power is preserved between parliament and the government. A typical characteristic of every parliamentary form of government is the possibility for a vote of confidence in the government by parliament, meaning a dependency of the government on the will of parliament. Some parliamentary systems counterbalance this relationship with a greater or lesser possibility for the government of dissolving that chamber of parliament, which votes confidence in it. This makes it possible for the government to be able to more significantly fulfil the role of political leader in a given country and it can actively initiate and form a political state. (shrink)

Straipsnyje aptariamos visuomenės ir valstybės modelių paieškos XX a. pradžios katalikų intelektualų darbuose. Teigiama, kad lietuvių katalikų intelektualai (A. Kaupas, S. Šultė, A. Civinskas, K. Šaulys, J. Staugaitis ir kt.) savivaldą laikė efektyviausia visuomenės narių valdymo forma. Atskleisdami krikščioniškai suprantamos demokratinės savivaldos teigiamybes ir keliamus reikalavimus individui, katalikai rodė priešingumą bolševikų propaguojamai vienintelei „teisingai visuomenės valdymo formai“ – proletariato diktatūrai, uzurpuojančiai individo teises klasės naudai, ugdė demokratijos ir atitinkamo valstybės sutvarkymo bei valdymo poreikį. Aukščiausias teisines galias (...) galinti turėti tik visa tauta, kurios gerovės ir tvarkos siekiams subordinuojama politinė valdžia. Teisė ir įstatymas, taip pat valstybinė administracinė veikla legitiminiais laikytini tik tada, jei jie yra subordinuoti aukštesnei, t. y. viršvalstybinei, teisei (žmogaus prigimtinėms teisėms)ir visų pirma moralei. Politinės demokratijos įgyvendinimą katalikų intelektualai siejo su tokiu valstybės ir visuomenės gyvenimo sutvarkymu, kuris užtikrintų kiekvienam piliečiui teisę ir galimybę naudotis rinkimų teise, spaudos ir žodžio laisve. Koks tos valstybės sutvarkymo ir valdymo būdas – konstitucinė monarchija ar respublika – ne tiek jau svarbu. Pagrindinis jo priimtinumo kriterijus – kiek jis padeda siekti žmogui gerovės pagal krikščionybės nuostatas ir nepažeidžia žmogaus prigimtinių teisių. O tai priklauso ir nuo valdančiųjų išminties, ir nuo valdomųjų pilietinės brandos. (shrink)

Del anormal al sujeto ce la resistencia -- Subjetividad y resistencia -- Vida cotidiana del habitante de calle -- Reflexión sobre el concepto de irrealidad como forma de resistencia y ejercicio de la libertad en la experiencia cinematográfica -- Poesía y resistencia.

This paper is my first effort to revaluate the disagreement between two central texts for Aristotle's the conception of ousia: Categories and Metaphysics VII. Scholars have taken chapter Zeta-3 as a payment of the debt with the Categories, so that the hylomorphic analysis of the composite substance would require a revision of the subject-criterion, now improved by the addition of the “a this” and “separate” criterion. This paper, however, downgrades the importance of the Categories for understanding Aristotle's Metaphysics Z. The (...) two texts are dealing with different arguments and are not incompatible with one another. I myself consider this paper somehow obsolete, for I have returned to the same subject more than once: in my 2003 paper on Z-3 and, most importantly, on my Book 'As Noções Aristotélicas de Substância e Essência' (2008). (shrink)

Reseña del libro: ROSE, Nikolas. (2012). Políticas de la vida. Biomedicina, poder y subjetividad en el siglo XXI. La Plata: UNIPE: Editorial Universitaria.

This paper discusses some intricacies of hylomorphism in Aristotle's discussion in his Metaphysics VII.

Francis Bacon (15611626) wrote that good scientists are not like ants (mindlessly gathering data) or spiders (spinning empty theories). Instead, they are like bees, transforming nature into a nourishing product. This essay examines Bacon's "middle way" by elucidating the means he proposes to turn experience and insight into understanding. The human intellect relies on "machines" to extend perceptual limits, check impulsive imaginations, and reveal nature's latent causal structure, or "forms." This constructivist interpretation is not intended to supplant inductivist or experimentalist (...) interpretations, but is designed to explicate Bacon's account of science as a collaborative project with several interdependent methodological goals. (shrink)

Pretende-se estabelecer, nos limites do presente texto, um breve recenseamento sobre os conceitos de vida e biopolítica na filosofia contemporânea, tendo como subsídios principais o pensamento de Giorgio Agamben e algumas inflexões teóricas de Gilles Deleuze (vida e imanência) e Michel Foucault (formas-de-vida e parrhesia), delineando, no escopo da tentativa teórica, a intersecção de suas matrizes teóricas e conceitos.

1 Alto e basso in televisione La recente scomparsa di Bergman e Antonioni ha riportato sugli schermi televisivi, per le celebrazioni di rito, alcuni capolavori cinematografici dei maestri. Cinematografici e non televisivi, perché sul piccolo schermo il cinema d’autore non gode di ampio seguito. Film famosi e universalmente riconosciuti come pietre miliari della storia del cinema finiscono per essere relegati nei palinsesti televisivi a ore improbabili della notte. Si dirà che si tratta di fil...

Los estudios sobre la fenomenología de Ortega apenas han atendido al víncunlo entre forma o estructura y campo del fenómeno. Ortega ha insistido en la formalidad del ámbito de aparición de los fenómenos, que ha vinculado con su radicalidad. La forma del ámbito emerge dentro del campo como un juego de diferencias, de la que el par superficie/ profundidad es el fundamental. En este trabajo vamos a mostrar que la formalidad del ámbito tiene un ejemplo señalado en los (...) análisis del campo visual en el horizonte de las Meditaciones. (shrink)

This article sketches out the key features of the debate on the analytic-synthetic distinction between phenomenology and logical empiricism, which took place in the early part of the twentieth century. On the one side, the author reconstructs the debate itself from an historical angle; on the other, he gives a theoretical account of the different positions and arguments. In particular, he has three main aims: a) to clarify how, according to Husserl, the analyticsynthetic opposition is to be understood as the (...) form-matter opposition; b) to show how this position has been misunderstood by neo-empiricist philosophers, in particular by Schlick in his paper against the theory of the factual a priori; c) to point out that Husserlian theory anticipates some relevant features in the matter of analyticity (i.e. the distinction between logical analytic and extra-logical analytic truths) which will be made fully explicit only by Carnap and Quine, philosophers of the following generation. (shrink)

What is life? What does it mean when we say that something is alive? What makes something alive? Biology answers the questions with a lot of answers but the answers to the question “what is life?” always have its limitation because its status as an empirical science which starts from the diversity of living things on the Earth. In other words, the answers are not sufficient although they are necessary for us to know what life is. Biology needs a metaphysical (...) explanation to understand more completely the question “what is life?” Metaphysic through the concept of “substantial form” of the Aristotelian-Thomistic thought can contribute an understanding that complements biology to understand “what is life?” with its immanent cause. Keywords: Substantial form, immanent cause, formal cause. Abstrak: Apakah itu kehidupan? Apa artinya ketika kita mengatakan sesuatu sebagai “yang hidup?” Apa yang membuat sesuatu hidup? Biologi menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut dengan berbagai macam jawaban namun jawaban-jawaban biologi terhadap pertanyaan “apakah itu kehidupan?” selalu memiliki keterbatasan karena statusnya sebagai ilmu empiris yang berangkat dari keanekaragaman hayati yang ada di bumi ini. Dengan kata lain, jawaban-jawaban biologi tidak mencukupi walau merupakan hal yang mutlak perlu untuk mengetahui apa yang dimaksud dengan kehidupan. Biologi memerlukan penjelasan metafisis untuk bisa mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih lengkap akan pertanyaan “apakah itu kehidupan?” Metafisika melalui konsep “forma substansial” Aristotelian-Thomistik dapat menyumbangkan pemahaman yang melengkapi biologi untuk memahami “apakah itu kehidupan?” dengan Causa imanennya. Kata-kata Kunci: Forma substansial, causa imanen, causa formal. (shrink)

Formas de representación de la violencia en El vuelo del tigre y Libro de navíos y borrascas de Daniel Moyano.

Ao pensar as condições de adequação para a responsabilização moral, Michelle Ciurria não discute se o agente tem controle da ação. Ela propõe que a vítima seja trazida para o centro da discussão e questiona até mesmo a ideia de que a ignorância moral do agente impede a atribuição de culpa em alguns casos. Esse desafio à condição epistêmica pode dar origem a objeções. Por isso, proponho explicar por que essa condição não é importante se levarmos a proposta de Ciurria (...) a sério, e como a influência dos esquemas de gênero na sensação de agência ajuda a mostrar isso. (shrink)

It is no secret that we inhabit an increasingly irrational world, plagued by rampant pseudoscience, science denialism, post-truths and fake news. Or perhaps, human nature being what it is, we have always lived in such a world and we are now simply more keenly aware of it because of easy and widespread access to social media. Moreover, the stakes are higher, as pseudoscience in the form of the anti-vax movement imperils the lives of many, while climate change denialism literally risks (...) a collapse of the human ecosystem. So how do we deal with the problem? How do we talk to otherwise perfectly reasonable and functional people who nevertheless espouse all sorts of nonsense — and vote accordingly? In this paper I will explore a couple of real life conversations among many that I have had with believers in pseudoscience, and then present and discuss virtue epistemology as one approach to ameliorate the problem. No silver bullets are available, unfortunately, but it is our intellectual and moral duty to keep, as Carl Sagan famously put it, the candle of reason lit even when surrounded by the darkness of unreason. (shrink)

En este escrito se analiza la significación y el uso filosófico que Wittgenstein dio en su pensamiento maduro al concepto de forma de vida. Así, aunque se señala que Wittgenstein sólo hizo uso de dicho concepto en el contexto de la justificación de la praxis lingüística como límite epistemológico, se enfatiza no obstante que en ese uso ya es posible vislumbrar una cierta concepción antropológica sobre los seres humanos como animales de conducta expresiva, intencional, simbólica, lingüística generadora de reglas (...) y amante de regularidades. El artículo acaba con un análisis del problema de la forma de vida de los animales y su relación con la forma de vida humana: en concreto se destaca el carácter lingüístico y cultural de la forma de vida humana, y se muestran los límites en la atribución a los animales no-humanos de los predicados mentales humanos. (shrink)