Results for 'observation'

976 found
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  1.  86
    Philosophy of Science Association Observation Reconsidered.Observation Reconsidered - 1984 - Philosophy of Science 51 (1):23-43.
    Several arguments are considered which purport to demonstrate the impossibility of theory-neutral observation. The most important of these infers the continuity of observation with theory from the presumed continuity of perception with cognition, a doctrine widely espoused in recent cognitive psychology. An alternative psychological account of the relation between cognition and perception is proposed and its epistemological consequences for the observation/theory distinction are then explored.
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  2.  21
    Julie Zahle.Participant Observation & Objectivity In Anthropology - 2013 - In Hanne Andersen, Dennis Dieks, Wenceslao J. Gonzalez, Thomas Uebel & Gregory Wheeler, New Challenges to Philosophy of Science. Springer Verlag. pp. 365.
  3. Alexander, D.(2002). UK Government: Alexander challenges business–“Social responsibility must not be just skin deep”. Coventry: M2 Presswire. [REVIEW]Oecd Observer - 2004 - Business Ethics 17 (9/10):1093-1102.
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  4.  10
    Les problèmes sémiotiques du style à la lumière de la linguistique.Boris A. Uspenskij & Observations Préalables - 1971 - In Julia Kristeva, Josette Rey-Debove & Donna Jean Umike-Sebeok, Essays in semiotics. The Hague,: Mouton. pp. 4--447.
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  5.  18
    Kersten Reich.Participants Observers - 2009 - In Larry A. Hickman, Stefan Neubert & Kersten Reich, John Dewey between pragmatism and constructivism. New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 106.
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  6.  20
    Oe tl-mesons and oranges.Of Observability - 2007 - In Bernd Prien & David P. Schweikard, Robert Brandom: Analytic Pragmatist. ontos. pp. 10--59.
  7. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy.Nick Bostrom - 2002 - New York: Routledge.
    _Anthropic Bias_ explores how to reason when you suspect that your evidence is biased by "observation selection effects"--that is, evidence that has been filtered by the precondition that there be some suitably positioned observer to "have" the evidence. This conundrum--sometimes alluded to as "the anthropic principle," "self-locating belief," or "indexical information"--turns out to be a surprisingly perplexing and intellectually stimulating challenge, one abounding with important implications for many areas in science and philosophy. There are the philosophical thought experiments and (...)
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  8. The concept of observation in science and philosophy.Dudley Shapere - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (4):485-525.
    Through a study of a sophisticated contemporary scientific experiment, it is shown how and why use of the term 'observation' in reference to that experiment departs from ordinary and philosophical usages which associate observation epistemically with perception. The role of "background information" is examined, and general conclusions are arrived at regarding the use of descriptive language in and in talking about science. These conclusions bring out the reasoning by which science builds on what it has learned, and, further, (...)
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  9. The theory-ladenness of observation and the theory-ladenness of the rest of the scientific process.William F. Brewer & Bruce L. Lambert - 2001 - Philosophy of Science 68 (3):S176-S186.
    We use evidence from cognitive psychology and the history of science to examine the issue of the theory-ladenness of perceptual observation. This evidence shows that perception is theory-laden, but that it is only strongly theory-laden when the perceptual evidence is ambiguous or degraded, or when it requires a difficult perceptual judgment. We argue that debates about the theory-ladenness issue have focused too narrowly on the issue of perceptual experience, and that a full account of the scientific process requires an (...)
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  10. Deep South. Memory and Observation. The Story of a Minister's Son and His Religion.E. Caldwell, C. R. Wilson & S. S. Hill - 1983 - Religious Studies 19 (1):114-119.
     
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  11.  6
    Limitations of Observation: Luhmann and the Problem of Paradoxes in Cognition.И. Е Сапан - 2024 - Sociology of Power 36 (4):185-190.
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  12. The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills.Maria Chiara Bazzini, Arturo Nuara, Emilia Scalona, Doriana De Marco, Giacomo Rizzolatti, Pietro Avanzini & Maddalena Fabbri-Destro - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:793849.
    Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performance; alternatively, covert strategies (e.g., action observation) can promote neuroplastic changes in the motor system even in the absence of real movement execution. However, whether a training regularly alternating action observation and execution (i.e., Action (...) Training, AOT) may surpass the pure motor practice (MP) and observational learning (OL) remains to be established. To address this issue, we enrolled 54 subjects requiring them to learn tying nautical knots via one out of three types of training (AOT, MP, OL) with the scope to investigate which element mostly contributes to motor learning. We evaluated the overall improvement of each group, along with the predictive role that neuropsychological indexes exert on each treatment outcome. The AOT group exhibited the highest performance improvement (42%), indicating that the regular alternation between observation and execution biases participants toward a better performance. The reiteration of this sequence provides an incremental, adjunct value that super-adds onto the efficacy of motor practice or observational learning in isolation (42% > 25% + 10%, i.e., OL + MP). These findings extend the use of the AOT from clinical and rehabilitative contexts to daily routines requiring the learning and perfectioning of new motor skills such as sports training, music, and occupational activities requiring fine motor control. (shrink)
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  13. Notes, texts and commentaries. Observation about the political theology from'Leviathan'by Thomas Hobbes.C. Llinas - 2001 - Pensamiento 57 (219):451-460.
     
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  14.  68
    Measurement and the verificationist theory/observation distinction.Miklavž Vospernik - 2004 - Acta Analytica 19 (33):95-117.
    In the following article, we propose to show that following the general verificationist epistemic programme (its demand that the truth of our judgments be verifiable), the analysis of measurement on the one hand, and the classical positivist analysis of common-sense observation on the other, do not lead to same conclusions. This is especially important, because the differences in conclusions concern the positivist theory/observation distinction. In particular, the analysis of measurement does not fully support this distinction. This fact might (...)
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  15. Multiple Universes and Observation Selection Effects.Darren Bradley - 2009 - American Philosophical Quarterly 46 (1):72.
    The fine-tuning argument can be used to support the Many Universe hypothesis. The Inverse Gambler’s Fallacy objection seeks to undercut the support for the Many Universe hypothesis. The objection is that although the evidence that there is life somewhere confirms Many Universes, the specific evidence that there is life in this universe does not. I will argue that the Inverse Gambler’s Fallacy is not committed by the fine-tuning argument. The key issue is the procedure by which the universe with life (...)
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  16. On Scientific Observation.Lorraine Daston - 2008 - Isis 99 (1):97-110.
    For much of the last forty years, certain shared epistemological concerns have guided research in both the history and the philosophy of science: the testing of theory (including the replication of experiments), the assessment of evidence, the bearing of theoretical and metaphysical assumptions on the reality of scientific objects, and, above all, the interaction of subjective and objective factors in scientific inquiry. This essay proposes a turn toward ontology—more specifically, toward the ontologies created and sustained by scientific observation. Such (...)
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  17.  69
    Testimony and observation of statistical evidence interact in adults' and children's category-based induction.Zoe Finiasz, Susan A. Gelman & Tamar Kushnir - 2024 - Cognition 244 (C):105707.
  18.  22
    Transmission electron microscopy observation of a deformation twin in TWIP steel by anex situtensile test.J. B. Liu, X. H. Liu, W. Liu, Y. W. Zeng & K. Y. Shu - 2011 - Philosophical Magazine 91 (31):4033-4044.
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  19. Observation and Objectivity.Harold I. Brown - 1989 - Philosophy of Science 56 (3):544-547.
     
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  20. Observation in the margins, 500-1500.Katharine Park - 2011 - In Lorraine Daston & Elizabeth Lunbeck, Histories of scientific observation. London: University of Chicago Press.
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  21. Essays on Philanthropy and Civilization.Ma Lerner & A. Gift Observed - forthcoming - Common Knowledge.
     
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  22.  41
    Observation of Communication by Physical Education Teachers: Detecting Patterns in Verbal Behavior.Abraham García-Fariña, F. Jiménez-Jiménez & M. Teresa Anguera - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  23. (1 other version)Self–observation.M. G. F. Martin - 1997 - European Journal of Philosophy 5 (2):119–140.
  24. Observation Language and Theoretical Language.Rudolf Carnap - 1975 - In Jaakko Hintikka, Rudolf Carnap, logical empiricist: materials and perspectives. Boston: D. Reidel Pub. Co.. pp. 75--85.
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  25. The scope of observation.Angus Menuge - 1995 - Philosophical Quarterly 45 (178):60-69.
  26. Conditionalization and observation.Paul Teller - 1973 - Synthese 26 (2):218-258.
  27. Teaching worms : observation and conversation.Cindy Ballenger - 2025 - In Cara E. Furman & Tomas de Rezende Rocha, Teachers and philosophy: essays on the contact zone. Albany: State University of New York Press.
     
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  28.  15
    Semiosis as Eigenform and Observation as Recursive Interpretation.Diana Gasparyan - 2020 - Constructivist Foundations 15 (3):271-279.
    Context: Recent decades have seen the development of new branches of semiotics, including biosemiotics, cognitive semiotics, and cybersemiotics. An important feature of these concepts is the ….
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  29. On some problems concerning observation of biological systems.S. J. Piotr Lenartowicz & J. Koszteyn - 2000 - Analecta Husserliana 66:107-120.
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  30. A natural order: Observation and the 4 seasons (Camille Pissarro).K. F. Volkmar - 1998 - In Donald Kuspit, Art Criticism. pp. 13--1.
     
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  31.  27
    The observation of dislocations in thin single crystal films of gold prepared by evaporation.D. W. Pashley - 1959 - Philosophical Magazine 4 (39):324-335.
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  32. Time scales of observation and ontological levels of reality.Alexey Alyushin - 2010 - Axiomathes 20 (4):439-460.
    My goal is to conceive how the reality would look like for hypothetical creatures that supposedly perceive on time scales much faster or much slower than that of us humans. To attain the goal, I propose modelling in two steps. At step one, we have to single out a unified parameter that sets time scale of perception. Changing substantially the value of the parameter would mean changing scale. I argue that the required parameter is duration of discrete perceptive frames, or (...)
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  33.  12
    Electron diffraction observation of magnetic domains.S. Yamaguchi - 1968 - Philosophical Magazine 17 (147):635-637.
  34.  19
    Observation of helicoidal dislocation lines in fluorite crystals.W. Bontinck & S. Amelinckx - 1957 - Philosophical Magazine 2 (13):94-96.
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  35.  34
    fMRI Adaptation between Action Observation and Action Execution Reveals Cortical Areas with Mirror Neuron Properties in Human BA 44/45.Stephan de la Rosa, Frieder L. Schillinger, Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Johannes Schultz & Kamil Uludag - 2016 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10.
  36.  17
    Electron microscopic observation of neutron-irradiated germanium.G. Den Ouden - 1969 - Philosophical Magazine 19 (158):321-324.
  37.  32
    A Naturalistic Observation of Spontaneous Touches to the Body and Environment in the First 2 Months of Life.Abigail DiMercurio, John P. Connell, Matthew Clark & Daniela Corbetta - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  38.  15
    Simulating the world: The digital enactment of pandemics as a mode of global self-observation.Sven Opitz - 2017 - European Journal of Social Theory 20 (3):392-416.
    If the twentieth century was the age of the world picture taken as a photograph of the Whole Earth from outer space, today’s observations of the planet are produced by means of computer simulation. Pandemic models are of paramount sociological interest in this respect, since modelling contagion is closely intertwined with modelling the material connectivities of social life. By envisioning the global dynamics of disease transmission, pandemic simulations enact the relationscapes of a transnational world. This article seeks to analyse such (...)
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  39.  13
    Kant on Observation.Andrew Cooper - 2021 - In Camilla Serck-Hanssen & Beatrix Himmelmann, The Court of Reason: Proceedings of the 13th International Kant Congress. De Gruyter. pp. 941-950.
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  40. Observation and the will.Brian O'Shaughnessy - 1963 - Journal of Philosophy 60 (14):367-392.
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  41.  22
    Observation and explanation: a guide to philosophy of science.Norwood Russell Hanson - 1971 - London,: Allen & Unwin.
  42.  97
    (1 other version)Science, Ethics and Observation.James Lenman - 2013 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 72:261-274.
    This paper examines the idea that ethics might be understood as a domain of straightforwardly empirical inquiry with reference to two of its defenders. Sam Harris has recently urged that ethics is simply the scientific study of welfare and how best to maximize it. That is of course to presuppose the truth of utilitarianism, something Harris considers too obvious to be sensibly contested. Richard Boyd's more nuanced and thoughtful position takes the truth of the ethical theory he favours to be (...)
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  43.  22
    The observation of dislocations to accommodate the misfit between crystals with different lattice parameters.J. W. Matthews - 1961 - Philosophical Magazine 6 (71):1347-1349.
  44.  19
    Direct observation of defects in evaporated silver.V. A. Phillips - 1960 - Philosophical Magazine 5 (54):571-583.
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  45.  11
    Sympathetic understanding and objective observation.Noriaki Akaike - 1982 - Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 9 (1).
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  46.  11
    Theory and Observation in the Philosophy of Science.Dale Jacquette - 2004 - History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 7 (1):177-196.
  47.  22
    The dynamic observation of the formation of defects in silicon under electron and proton irradiation.M. D. Matthews & S. J. Ashby - 1973 - Philosophical Magazine 27 (6):1313-1322.
  48.  22
    Atomic-level observation with three-dimensional atom probe of the solute behaviour in neutron-, ion- or electron-irradiated ferritic alloys.P. Pareige *, B. Radiguet, R. Krummeich-Brangier, A. Barbu, O. Zabusov & M. Kozodaev - 2005 - Philosophical Magazine 85 (4-7):429-441.
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  49.  20
    Direct observation of antiphase boundaries in the AuCu3superlattice.R. M. Fisher & M. J. Marcinkowski - 1961 - Philosophical Magazine 6 (71):1385-1405.
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  50.  43
    Cerebral Dynamics during the Observation of Point-Light Displays Depicting Postural Adjustments.Eduardo F. Martins, Thiago Lemos, Ghislain Saunier, Thierry Pozzo, Daniel Fraiman & Claudia D. Vargas - 2017 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11.
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