Results for 'biotechnological invention'

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  1. Institutions, interpretive communities, and legacy in decision-making : a case study of patents, morality, and biotechnological inventions.Aisling McMahon - 2022 - In G. T. Laurie, E. S. Dove & Niamh Nic Shuibhne (eds.), Law and legacy in medical jurisprudence: essays in honour of Graeme Laurie. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  2.  66
    Ethics and patentability in biotechnology.Rafał Witek - 2005 - Science and Engineering Ethics 11 (1):105-111.
    The systems of patent rights in force in Europe today, both at the level of national law and on the regional level, contain general clauses prohibiting the patenting of inventions whose publication and exploitation would be contrary to “ordre public” or morality. Recent years have brought frequent discussion about limiting the possibility of patent protection for biotechnological inventions for ethical reasons. This is undoubtedly a result of the dynamic development in this field in the last several years. Human genome (...)
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  3.  17
    A Tale of Two Inventions: Monsanto, Biotechnology, and the Geography of Postmodern Science.Eda Kranakis - 2019 - Isis 110 (4):701-725.
    This essay explores the geography of postmodern science in nonacademic settings, focusing on two research breakthroughs by Monsanto scientists, in 1985–1986 and 1989–1991, that created plants resistant to the company’s herbicide, glyphosate. The essay follows this new knowledge as it was mobilized into refereed publications and patents, comparing and contrasting the two forms of scientific discourse that resulted. The patents are then traced further as they were challenged, interpreted, and transformed in patent offices and courtrooms across time and space, specifically (...)
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  4.  80
    Biotechnology and Human Dignity.Emmanuel Agius - 2011 - Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics 17 (2):155-184.
    The precise meaning of “human dignity” is increasingly being questioned in ethics and law. Is human dignity an adequate guide to policymaking in today’s biotechnological era? This article is an attempt to answer this thorny issue. The emergence of the concept of human dignity as a key point of reference for the regulation of modern science and technology in the European Union is evaluated. The main contribution of this article is to prove that in EU Directives and Recommendations, human (...)
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  5.  29
    (1 other version)A biotechnological agenda for the third world.Daniel J. Goldstein - 1989 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2 (1):37-51.
    Third World countries should exploit the genetic information stored in their flora and fauna to develop independent and highly competitive biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. The necessary condition for this policy to succeed is the reshaping of their universities and hospitals—to turn them into high-caliber research institutions dedicated to the creation of original knowledge and biomedical invention. Part of the service of the Third World foreign debt should be co-invested with the lending banks in high technology enterprises. This should (...)
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  6.  13
    BioTechnology as BioParody – Strategies for Salience.Alfred Nordmann - 2021 - Perspectives on Science 29 (5):568-582.
    Whether “biomimetic” or “bioinspired,” the projects of bioengineering tend to refer their devices or inventions to the biological systems that provide models or originals for detachable functionalities. And yet, they do not satisfy the picturing relation of original and copy. They are mimetic or imitative in the sense of reenacting a function in a different setting with its own principles of composition or its own parameters that select for salience. The taking up of salient features for the purposes of producing (...)
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  7.  26
    The international stakes of biotechnology and the patent war: Considerations after the uruguay round. [REVIEW]Paolo Bifani - 1993 - Agriculture and Human Values 10 (2):47-59.
    The article explores briefly some problems associated with Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for biotechnological inventions. IPR are inadequate for the protection of new advanced technologies and particularly for biotechnology. The problem is not only legal but mainly economic, for IPR has emerged as the major competitive weapon in the world economy. In this context, the main role of IPR is as a mechanism for the appropriation of new inventions, and as an instrument to deter rivals and control markets. The (...)
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  8.  31
    Alienation from the Objectives of the Patent System: How to Remedy the Situation of Biotechnology Patent.Li Jiang - 2019 - Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (3):791-811.
    Some fundamental biotechnologies hold unprecedented potential to eradicate many incurable diseases. However, in absence of regulations, the power of patent makes the future use of some important biotechnology in few institution’s hands. The excessive patents restrict researcher access to the fundamental technologies. It generates concerns and complaints of deteriorating the public health and social welfare. Furthermore, intellectual curiosities, funding, respect among colleagues etc., rather than patents, are the real motivations driving a major ground-breaking discoveries in biotechnology. These phenomena reveal that (...)
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  9.  85
    A Pilot Survey on the Licensing of DNA Inventions.Michelle R. Henry, Mildred K. Cho, Meredith A. Weaver & Jon F. Merz - 2003 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 31 (3):442-449.
    Intellectual property in biotechnology invention provides important incentives for research and development leading to advances in genetic tests and treatments. However, there have been numerous concerns raised regarding the negative effect patents on gene sequences and their practical applications may have on clinical research and the availability of new medical tests and procedures. One concern is that licensing policies attempting to capture for the benefit of the licensor valuable rights to downstream research results and products may increase the financial (...)
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  10.  3
    Patents, Governance and Control: Ethics and the Patentability of Novel Beings and Advanced Biotechnologies in Europe.Aisling McMahon - 2021 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30 (3):529-542.
    This article focuses primarily on to what extent novel beings, and particularly, beings which display something akin to human consciousness or agency would be (or should be) patentable under current European patent law. Patents grant the patent holder a right to exclude others from using the patented invention for the period of patent grant (usually 20 years). This allows the patent holder to control how that invention can or cannot be used by others downstream, granting patent holders a (...)
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  11.  39
    LSDNA: Rhetoric, consciousness expansion, and the emergence of biotechnology.Richard Doyle - 2002 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 35 (2):153-174.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Rhetoric 35.2 (2002) 153-174 [Access article in PDF] LSDNA: Rhetoric, Consciousness Expansion, and the Emergence of Biotechnology Richard Doyle I had to struggle to speak intelligibly. —Albert Hofmann on his self-experiment with LSD-25 Finding a place to start is of utmost importance. Natural DNA is a tractless coil, like an unwound and tangled audio tape on the floor of the car in the dark. —Kary Mullis on (...)
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  12. H.G. Wells, Biotechnology, and Genetic Engineering: A Dystopic Vision.Douglas Kellner - unknown
    "Sometimes I call this reality Science, sometimes I call it Truth. But it is something we draw by pain and effort out of the heart of life, that we disentangle and make clear. Other men serve it, I know, in art, in literature, in social invention, and see it in a thousand different figures, under a hundred names... I do not know what it is, this something, except that it is supreme.".
     
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  13.  9
    Humain, inhumain, trop humain: réflexions philosophiques sur les biotechnologies, la vie et la conservation de soi à partir de l'oeuvre de Peter Sloterdijk.Yves Michaud - 2002 - [Castelnau-le-Lez, France]: Climats.
    Les hommes ont toujours agi sur eux-mêmes, et pris en charge leur propre évolution. Avec aujourd'hui deux traits absolument nouveaux. D'une part, les capacités d'action de l'espèce humaine sur elle-même sont incomparablement plus puissantes que par le passé, notamment dans le domaine des technologies de la vie. D'autre part, nous contrôlons si bien notre milieu et l'avons si parfaitement aménagé pour notre survie que nous avons mis en danger notre environnement. Le philosophe Peter Sloterdijk conduit une réflexion peu conventionnelle sur (...)
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  14.  53
    (1 other version)Ethical and political problems in third world biotechnology.Daniel J. Goldstein - 1989 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2 (1):5-36.
    Third World countries are not pursuing scientific and technological policies leading to the development of strong biotechnological industries. Their leaders have been misled into believing that modern biotechnological industries can be built in the absence of strong, intellectually aggressive, and original scientific schools. Hence, they do not strive to reform their universities, which have weak commitments to research, and do not see the importance of having research hospitals able to generate excellent and relevant clinical investigation. These strategic gaps (...)
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  15.  34
    The immoral gene: Does it really exist? [REVIEW]Svenja Sethmann & Dr Franz-Joséf Zimmer - 2005 - Science and Engineering Ethics 11 (1):97-104.
    Over the last years several European patents were opposed for protecting technology violating the morality requirement under Article 53(a) EPC. Attempts have been made by the Appeal Boards of the European Patent Office (EPO), as well as by amendments introduced into the Implementing Regulations of the European Patent Convention (EPC), to address this sensitive patentability requirement more precisely. The most recent hot topic coming up in this context is the patentability of stem cells. It is to be expected that this (...)
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  16.  99
    An analysis of moral issues affecting patenting inventions in the life sciences: A european perspective.R. Stephen Crespi - 2000 - Science and Engineering Ethics 6 (2):157-180.
    Following the 1980 US Supreme Court decision to allow a patent on a living organism, debate has continued on the moral issues involved in biotechnology patents of many kinds and remains a contentious issue for those opposed to the use of biotechnology in industry and agriculture. Attitudes to patenting in the life sciences, including those of the research scientists themselves, are analysed. The relevance of morality to patent law is discussed here in an international context with particular reference to the (...)
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  17.  49
    Patents as Credence Goods.Sivaramjani Thambisetty - 2007 - Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 27 (4):707-740.
    The view of patents as well-defined property rights is as simplistic as it is ubiquitous. This article argues that in newly arising or immature technologies, patents are subject to intrinsic and extrinsic uncertainty that make them very opaque representations of the underlying inventions. The opacity is a result of unsettled legal doctrine and scientific terminology, uncertain commercial and technological prognosis, and leads to considerable ambiguity in property parameters. Patents in immature technologies do not solve Arrow's information paradox of non-rivalrous goods (...)
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  18.  44
    Human gene patents: Core issues in a multi-layered debate. [REVIEW]Rogeer Hoedemaekers - 2001 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 4 (2):211-221.
    After ten years of debate Directive 98/44/EG on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions was adopted in 1998. This directive takes decisions on some controversial bioethical and legal issues and offers the European biotech industries more space to develop their inventions, but leaves a number of philosophical and moral issues unresolved. This paper distinguishes between different layers in the debate and maps its modes of argumentation. Major philosophical, ethical and conceptual issues are located. It is argued that further analysis (...)
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  19.  81
    Exploiting abstract possibilities: A critique of the concept and practice of product patenting. [REVIEW]Hans Radder - 2004 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 17 (3):275-291.
    Developments in biotechnology and genomics have moved the issue of patenting scientific and technological inventions toward the center of interest. In particular, the patentability of genes of plants, animals, or humans and of genetically modified (parts of) living organisms has been discussed, and questioned, from various normative perspectives. This paper aims to contribute to this debate. For this purpose, it first explains a number of relevant aspects of the theory and practice of patenting. The focus is on a special and (...)
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  20.  40
    The immoral Gene: Does it really exist?Svenja Sethmann & Franz-Joséf Zimmer - 2005 - Science and Engineering Ethics 11 (1):97-104.
    Over the last years several European patents were opposed for protecting technology violating the morality requirement under Article 53(a) EPC. Attempts have been made by the Appeal Boards of the European Patent Office (EPO), as well as by amendments introduced into the Implementing Regulations of the European Patent Convention (EPC), to address this sensitive patentability requirement more precisely. The most recent hot topic coming up in this context is the patentability of stem cells. It is to be expected that this (...)
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  21.  37
    The Legal Lacunae of Human-Animal Hybrids and Chimeras within Patent Law.Maureen O’Sullivan - 2018 - Journal of Animal Ethics 8 (1):62-79.
    This article compares and contrasts the patenting of animals, humans, and biotechnological inventions in the United States, at the European Patent Office, and within the European Union. It shows that morality is not a concern of U.S. legislative instruments or courts and patents have been granted liberally on living organisms, from microorganisms to mammals, in North America since the 1980s. By way of contrast, both European legislative instruments enshrine a morality bar that must be employed to deny patentability. Their (...)
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  22.  36
    The patentability of human genes: An ethical debate in the european community.Jose Elizalde - 1998 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 23 (3):318 – 323.
    The European Parliament rejected in 1995 the European Commission proposal to harmonize legal protection of biotechnological inventions. Although it did not seem initially the most contentious of the many issues involved in the current legal and ethical debate around biomedicine and genetics, patenting is now focusing bioethics in Europe.
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  23.  39
    Patent Ethics: The Misalignment of Views Between the Patent System and the Wider Society.Ellen-Marie Forsberg, Anders Braarud Hanssen, Hanne Marie Nielsen & Ingrid Olesen - 2018 - Science and Engineering Ethics 24 (5):1551-1576.
    Concerns have been voiced about the ethical implications of patenting practices in the field of biotechnology. Some of these have also been incorporated into regulation, such as the European Commission Directive 98/44 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. However, the incorporation of ethically based restrictions into patent legislation has not had the effect of satisfying all concerns. In this article, we will systematically compare the richness of ethical concerns surrounding biotech patenting, with the limited scope of ethical concerns (...)
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  24.  5
    Biobanks: patents or open science?Antonella De Robbio - 2013 - Oxford: Woodhead Publishing.
    Biobanks represent an invaluable research tool and, as a result of their intrinsic and extrinsic nature, may be looked upon as archives or repositories largely made up of libraries, or collections of content where the content is the biological material derived from different individuals or species, representing valuable tangible assets. Biobanks analyses aspects of the commons and common intellectual property relating to the concepts of private property, not only concerning data but biological materials as well, and the advantages and disadvantages (...)
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  25.  75
    Exclusion by inclusion? On difficulties with regard to an effective ethical assessment of patenting in the field of agricultural bio-technology.Christoph Baumgartner - 2006 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 (6):521-539.
    In order to take ethical considerations of patenting biological material into account, the so-called “ordre public or morality clause” was implemented as Article 6 in the EC directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions, 98/44/EC. At first glance, this seems to provide a significant advantage to the European patent system with respect to ethics. The thesis of this paper argues that the ordre public or morality clause does not provide sufficient protection against ethically problematic uses of the patent (...)
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  26.  47
    Re-taking Care: Open Source Biotech in Light of the Need to Deproletarianize Agricultural Innovation. [REVIEW]Pieter Lemmens - 2014 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27 (1):127-152.
    This article deals with the biotechnology revolution in agriculture and analyzes it in terms of Bernard Stiegler’s theory of techno-evolution and his thesis that technologies have an intrinsically pharmacological nature, meaning that they can be both supportive and destructive for sociotechnical practices based on them. Technological innovations always first disrupt existing sociotechnical practices, but are subsequently always appropriated by the social system to be turned into a new technical system upon which new sociotechnical practices are based. As constituted and conditioned (...)
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  27.  41
    Climate-ready GM crops, intellectual property and global justice.Cristian Timmermann, Henk van den Belt & Michiel Korthals - 2010 - In Carlos Maria Romeo Casabona, Leire Escajedo San Epifanio & Aitziber Emaldi Cirión (eds.), Global food security: ethical and legal challenges. Wageningen Academic Publishers. pp. 153-158.
    So-called climate-ready GM crops can be of great help in adapting to a changing climate. Climate change, caused in great part by anthropogenic greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution by the developed world, is felt much stronger in the developing world, causing unexpected droughts and floods that will cause large harvest loss, leading to more hunger and malnutrition, rising death tolls and disease vulnerability. The current intellectual property regime (IPR) strikes an unfair balance between profit oriented (...)
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  28.  56
    Appropriation and commercialization of the Pasteur anthrax vaccine.Maurice Cassier - 2005 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 36 (4):722-742.
    Whereas Pasteur patented the biotechnological processes that he invented between 1857 and 1873 in the agro-food domain, he did not file any patents on the artificial vaccine preparation processes that he subsequently developed. This absence of patents can probably be explained by the 1844 patent law in France that established the non-patentable status of pharmaceutical preparations and remedies, including those for use in veterinary medicine. Despite the absence of patents, the commercial exploitation of the anthrax vaccine in the 1880s (...)
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  29.  16
    Biotrespass.Jeremy de Beer - 2007 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 27 (4):287-299.
    As the sciences of biotechnology, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology develop, questions about liability for harms caused by self-replicating inventions will arise increasingly often. Although negligence, nuisance, and other torts may be relevant in such circumstances, trespass may be the more appropriate cause of action. First, the author explores doctrinal hurdles facing plaintiffs alleging biotrespass. To overcome concerns about the metaphysicality of molecular biotrespass, the author draws analogies to “cybertrespass.” To confront the problem of suing patent licensors for the actions of (...)
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  30.  71
    Confrontations in “Genethics”: Rationalities, Challenges, and Methodological Responses.John Coggon - 2011 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20 (1):46-55.
    It was only a matter of time before the portmanteau term “genethics” would be coined and a whole field within bioethics delineated. The term can be dated back at least to 1984 and the work of James Nagle, who claims credit for inventing the word, which he takes “to incorporate the various ethical implications and dilemmas generated by genetic engineering with the technologies and applications that directly or indirectly affect the human species.” In Nagle’s phrase, “Genethic issues are instances where (...)
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  31.  16
    The Accident of Art.Mike Taormina (ed.) - 2005 - Semiotext(E).
    There is a catastrophe within contemporary art. What I call the "optically correct" is at stake. The vision machine and the motor have triggered it, but the visual arts haven't learned from it. Instead, they've masked this failure with commercial success. This "accident" is provoking a reversal of values. In my view, this is positive: the accident reveals something important we would not otherwise know how to perceive.-- Paul Virilio, The Accident of ArtUrbanist and technological theorist Paul Virilio trained as (...)
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  32.  64
    What Is Human in Humans? Responses from Biology, Anthropology, and Philosophy.G. Bibeau - 2011 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 36 (4):354-363.
    Genomics has brought biology, medicine, agriculture, psychology, anthropology, and even philosophy to a new threshold. In this new context, the question about "what is human in humans" may end up being answered by geneticists, specialists of technoscience, and owners of biotech companies. The author defends, in this article, the idea that humanity is at risk in our age of genetic engineering, biotechnologies, and market-geared genetic research; he also argues that the values at the very core of our postgenomic era bring (...)
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  33.  45
    From A Symposium on Rhetoric, Writing, and Culture.Jeffrey Walker - 2002 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 35 (2):91-95.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Rhetoric 35.2 (2002) 91-95 [Access article in PDF] From: A Symposium on Rhetoric, Writing, and Culture Jeffrey Walker For who does not know, except them, that the art of using letters is fixed and unchanging, so that we always use the same letters for the same purposes, but in the art of discourse the case is entirely the reverse? —Isocrates, Against the SophistsThe essays composing this issue (...)
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  34.  16
    Gene patents.Richard M. Lebovitz - 2004 - Journal of Philosophy, Science and Law 4:1-14.
    Although the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) has granted patents on genes for over 20 years, the prudence of gene patenting continues to stir controversy. Some have questioned the ethics of monopolizing a resource that is so fundamental and basic to all living organisms. It has also been argued that patents unfairly restrict the use of genes, impeding both basic and commercial research. For the biotechnology industry, however, gene patents are the currency it uses to protect its investment in (...)
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  35.  20
    The Heterogeneity of the Academic Profession: The Effect of Occupational Variables on University Scientists’ Participation in Research Commercialization.Adam Novotny - 2017 - Minerva 55 (4):485-508.
    Do academics who commercialize their inventions have a different professional character than those who do not? The author conducted a nationwide survey in Hungary including 1,562 academics of hard sciences from 14 universities. According to the cluster analysis based on their participation in research commercialization, university scholars can be divided into three distinct groups: ‘traditional faculty’, ‘market-oriented faculty’, and ‘academic entrepreneurs’. Traditional faculty members typically do not participate in RC, while, within the framework of the university, market-oriented academics are engaged (...)
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  36.  8
    Pharmaceutical Innovation in Latin America and the Caribbean.Verónica Vargas & Jonathan Darrow - 2023 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 51 (S1):148-162.
    This study assesses Latin America and Caribbean countries’ capacity to innovate new pharmaceuticals, defined as developing new drugs and vaccines, repurposing existing drugs, and inventing around patents to produce new drug variations. Vaccine innovation includes reengineering existing vaccines, developing new manufacturing methods, and the clinical development of unapproved vaccine candidates initiated elsewhere.
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  37.  47
    Biomusic: The carrier.Dimitri Batsis, Xenophon Bitsikas, Anastasia Georgaki, Angelos Evaggelou & Panagiotis Tigas - 2012 - Technoetic Arts 9 (2-3):209-216.
    This article investigates the concept of sound, in relation to the new means and sciences from different perspectives, ultimately providing an analysis of the newborn artistic movement of bioart. It is divided into two parts. The first part of the study is based upon reference, investigating the interconnection between art and science. This mechanism is characterized by transformation processes in the interdisciplinary practices that are applied mainly by various artists and movements of the post-Second World War period. The expressive element (...)
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  38.  8
    La dignité humaine: sous le regard d'Etty Hillesum et de Sigmund Freud.Jean-Michel Hirt - 2012 - Paris: Desclée de Brouwer.
    L'epoque est troublee: les mutations anthropologiques sont si contraignantes qu'un nouveau concept juridique, la dignite humaine, a fait son apparition. Si le droit en fait un usage intensif, c'est dans la mesure ou face aux exces des Etats criminels comme aux avancees des biotechnologies, il a besoin de fixer les limites entre l'humain et ce qui ne le serait plus. Chacun pressent que la dignite n'est pas une notion objective. Son invention est nouee aux religions monotheistes et aux inflexions (...)
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  39.  27
    Scientific Responsibility.Hilde W. Nagell & Lisbeth Wittøfft Nielsen - 2004 - Global Bioethics 17 (1):93-98.
    Nowadays, special attention is given to the hazards associated with genetic engineering and new inventions in biotechnology, and in fear of severe consequences, researchers, institutions and governments are required to act responsibly. The term “responsibility” may be defined in numerous ways. The definition considered in this paper, is one we believe is in common use: “Generally speaking, a person has a special responsibility for a particular outcome if they knowingly brought it about and it would not exist if not for (...)
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  40.  15
    Mooncalf: ‘Unclean meat’.WhiteFeather Hunter - 2020 - Technoetic Arts 18 (2):205-222.
    The calamitous warnings of climate science have been latched onto by a growing roster of biotech start-up companies who propose to invent lab-generated meat alternatives to the ecologically disastrous livestock industry. They use solutionist hype to promote ‘sustainable’, ‘eco-friendly’, ‘cruelty-free’, ‘clean meat’. This moralized marketing, however, masks a continued reliance on animal agriculture. The fact remains that mammalian cells and tissues are grown in vitro using foetal calf serum, a blood-derived nutrient. Is it really possible to grow meat without banking (...)
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  41.  61
    Animal Research Ethics in Africa: Is Tanzania Making Progress?Misago Seth & Fredy Saguti - 2012 - Developing World Bioethics 12 (3):158-162.
    The significance of animals in research cannot be over-emphasized. The use of animals for research and training in research centres, hospitals and schools is progressively increasing. Advances in biotechnology to improve animal productivity require animal research. Drugs being developed and new interventions or therapies being invented for cure and palliation of all sorts of animal diseases and conditions need to be tested in animals for their safety and efficacy at some stages of their development. Drugs and interventions for human use (...)
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  42.  18
    Sorting sex, controlling sex: Masui Kiyoshi’s chicken research and experimental system, 1915–1950.Kyoryen Hwang - 2023 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 45 (2):1-25.
    Masui Kiyoshi (1887–1981), a prominent Japanese geneticist, is best known for inventing the sex-sorting method of chicks and his contributions to experimental genetics in Japan. Masui drew inspiration from Goldschmidt’s sex determination theory and used chickens, transplantation techniques, and his own “chick sexing” methods in his scientific work. This paper examines the intersection of genetics and industrial breeding by tracing the evolution of Masui’s experimental systems. During the early 20th century, poultry farming emerged as a significant industry in Japan, resulting (...)
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  43.  56
    "O Happy Living Things": Frankenfoods and the Bounds of Wordsworthian Natural Piety.Anne-Lise François - 2003 - Diacritics 33 (2):42-70.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:diacritics 33.2 (2005) 42-70 [Access article in PDF] "O Happy Living Things" Frankenfoods and the Bounds of Wordsworthian Natural Piety Anne-Lise François With all the flowers Fancy e'er could feignWho breeding flowers will never breed the same. —John Keats, "Ode to Psyche" And I could wish my days to beBound each to each in natural piety. —William Wordsworth, "My heart leaps up" O happy living things! no tongue Their (...)
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  44.  20
    L'expansion du capitalisme dans le domaine du vivant : droits de propriété intellectuelle et marchés de la science, de la matière biologique et de la santé.Maurice Cassier - 2003 - Actuel Marx 34 (2):63-80.
    Capitalism’s Expansion into the Realm of the Biosphere. The extension of the rule of industrial property over living organisms and their components – genes and cells, both human and non-human – since the end of the 1970s, has gone along with the emergence of new markets in science, biotechnology and in health. The article argues that the filing of patents to protect private claims on living matter is a development which promotes the establishment of a monopoly control over inventions in (...)
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  45.  99
    Biodiversity, biopiracy and benefits: What allegations of biopiracy tell us about intellectual property.Chris Hamilton - 2006 - Developing World Bioethics 6 (3):158–173.
    ABSTRACTThis paper examines the concept of biopiracy, which initially emerged to challenge various aspects of the regime for intellectual property rights in living organisms, as well as related aspects pertaining to the ownership and apportioning of benefits from ‘genetic resources’ derived from the world’s biodiversity.This paper proposes that we take the allegation of biopiracy seriously due to the impact it has as an intervention which indexes a number of different, yet interrelated, problematizations of biodiversity, biotechnology and IPR. Using the neem (...)
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  46.  9
    Philosophical foundations of culture medicalization.Irina Kamalieva - 2022 - Sotsium I Vlast 1:83-89.
    Introduction. The increasing mediation of human life by medicine necessarily raises the question of philosophical understanding the phenomenon of culture medicalization, since today the vector of growing powerful influence of medicine on forming sociocultural processes has clearly emerged. Along with the positive phenomena of the medicalization of life, the volume of “excessive” phenomena of its medicalization is growing. The purpose of the article is to clarify the philo- sophical foundations of the progressive medicaliza- tion of modern culture. Methods. The methodological (...)
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    La vie, ou, Les futurs du passé: essai.Paul Prunet - 2015 - Paris: L'Harmattan.
    Faire l'éloge de la Vie, en partant de la Terre qui l'abrite, lui assurant un habitat aussi propice qu'instable. Contempler cette lumière qui nous en révèle la Beauté. Parcourir le monde des micro-organismes, déjà là à son origine, et toujours omniprésents ; indispensables, bien que quelquefois dangereux, ils ont presque tout inventé. S'émerveiller de ce monde végétal qui évoque l'éternelle jeunesse, que nous convoitons tant. Revenir sur cette épopée de la Vie sortant de l'eau mais la conservant en elle comme (...)
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  48. Why Gene Rights Aren't Patently Obvious.Justine Pila - unknown
    The purpose of the patent system is to provide incentives for the development of new and useful products and processes. Such products and processes are generally referred to as ‘inventions’. Whilst patents have historically been sought and granted for mechanical and chemical inventions only, the biotechnology revolution of the last 30 years has radically changed this by precipitating a mass of patent applications in respect of living and biological matter. Applications of this nature have forced a re-examination by courts and (...)
     
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  49. Cancer, Viruses, and Mass Migration: Paul Berg’s Venture into Eukaryotic Biology and the Advent of Recombinant DNA Research and Technology, 1967–1980.Doogab Yi - 2008 - Journal of the History of Biology 41 (4):589-636.
    The existing literature on the development of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering tends to focus on Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer's recombinant DNA cloning technology and its commercialization starting in the mid-1970s. Historians of science, however, have pointedly noted that experimental procedures for making recombinant DNA molecules were initially developed by Stanford biochemist Paul Berg and his colleagues, Peter Lobban and A. Dale Kaiser in the early 1970s. This paper, recognizing the uneasy disjuncture between scientific authorship and legal (...) in the history of recombinant DNA technology, investigates the development of recombinant DNA technology in its full scientific context. I do so by focusing on Stanford biochemist Berg's research on the genetic regulation of higher organisms. As I hope to demonstrate, Berg's new venture reflected a mass migration of biomedical researchers as they shifted from studying prokaryotic organisms like bacteria to studying eukaryotic organisms like mammalian and human cells. It was out of this boundary crossing from prokaryotic to eukaryotic systems through virus model systems that recombinant DNA technology and other significant new research techniques and agendas emerged. Indeed, in their attempt to reconstitute 'life' as a research technology, Stanford biochemists' recombinant DNA research recast genes as a sequence that could be rewritten thorough biochemical operations. The last part of this paper shifts focus from recombinant DNA technology's academic origins to its transformation into a genetic engineering technology by examining the wide range of experimental hybridizations which occurred as techniques and knowledge circulated between Stanford biochemists and the Bay Area's experimentalists. Situating their interchange in a dense research network based at Stanford's biochemistry department, this paper helps to revise the canonized history of genetic engineering's origins that emerged during the patenting of Cohen-Boyer's recombinant DNA cloning procedures. (shrink)
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  50. Biotechnology: an agricultural revolution.Public Acceptability of Agricultural Biotechnology - 1995 - In T. B. Mepham, Gregory A. Tucker & Julian Wiseman (eds.), Issues in agricultural bioethics. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
     
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