Results for 'affective meaning'

969 found
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  1.  29
    The affective meanings of automatic social behaviors: Three mechanisms that explain priming.Tobias Schröder & Paul Thagard - 2013 - Psychological Review 120 (1):255-280.
  2.  14
    Learning of affective meaning: revealing effects of stimulus pairing and stimulus exposure.Bruno Richter & Mandy Hütter - 2021 - Cognition and Emotion 35 (8):1588-1606.
    Charles E. Osgood's theory of affective meaning defines affect as interplay of three meaning dimensions – evaluation, potency, and activity – that represent the central constituents of our affective ecology. Based on a rigorous Brunswikian sampling procedure, we selected a representative set of stimuli that mirror this ecology. A germane informative analysis explicates and corroborates the sampling approach. We then report two experiments testing whether these dimensions of affective meaning can be learnt by means (...)
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  3.  42
    Affective Meaning, Concreteness, and Subjective Frequency Norms for Indonesian Words.Agnes Sianipar, Pieter van Groenestijn & Ton Dijkstra - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  4.  99
    Aesthetics, Affect, and Educational Politics.Alex Means - 2011 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 43 (10):1088-1102.
    This essay explores aesthetics, affect, and educational politics through the thought of Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Rancière. It contextualizes and contrasts the theoretical valences of their ethical and democratic projects through their shared critique of Kant. It then puts Rancière's notion of dissensus to work by exploring it in relation to a social movement and hunger strike organized for educational justice in Chicago's Little Village neighborhood. This serves as a context for understanding how educational provisions are linked to the aesthetic (...)
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  5. The landscape of affective meaning.Víctor Carranza-Pinedo - 2022 - Dissertation, Institut Jean Nicod
    Swear words are highly colloquial expressions that have the capacity to signal the speaker's affective states, i.e., to display the speaker's feelings with respect to a certain stimulus. For this reason, swear words are often called 'expressives'. Which linguistic mechanisms allow swear words display affective states, and, more importantly, how can such 'affective content' be characterized in a theory of meaning? Even though research on expressive meaning has produced models that integrate the affective aspects (...)
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  6.  30
    Comment: Looking for Affective Meaning in “Multiple Arousal” Theory: A Comment to Picard, Fedor, and Ayzenberg.Wendy Berry Mendes - 2016 - Emotion Review 8 (1):77-79.
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  7.  15
    How Does Gravity Affect Meaning in Dance?Carolann Scott - 1994 - The Journal of Aesthetic Education 28 (2):102.
  8.  16
    On the Relation between the General Affective Meaning and the Basic Sublexical, Lexical, and Inter-lexical Features of Poetic Texts—A Case Study Using 57 Poems of H. M. Enzensberger.Susann Ullrich, Arash Aryani, Maria Kraxenberger, Arthur M. Jacobs & Markus Conrad - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  9.  37
    Meaning and Affect in the Placebo Effect.Daniele Chiffi, Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen & Alessandro Grecucci - 2021 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 46 (3):313-329.
    This article presents and defends an integrated view of the placebo effect, termed “affective-meaning-making” model, which draws from theoretical reflection, clinical outcomes, and neurophysiological findings. We consider the theoretical limitations of those proposals associated with the “meaning view” on the placebo effect which leave the general aspects of meaning unspecified, fail to analyze fully the role of emotions and affect, and establish no clear connection between the theoretical, physiological, and psychological aspects of the effect. We point (...)
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  10. Ventromedial prefrontal-subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning.Mathieu Roy, Daphna Shohamy & Tor D. Wager - 2012 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16 (3):147-156.
  11.  17
    ERPs reveal an iconic relation between sublexical phonology and affective meaning.M. Conrad, S. Ullrich, D. Schmidtke & S. A. Kotz - 2022 - Cognition 226 (C):105182.
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  12.  23
    Visual and Affective Multimodal Models of Word Meaning in Language and Mind.Simon De Deyne, Danielle J. Navarro, Guillem Collell & Andrew Perfors - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (1):e12922.
    One of the main limitations of natural language‐based approaches to meaning is that they do not incorporate multimodal representations the way humans do. In this study, we evaluate how well different kinds of models account for people's representations of both concrete and abstract concepts. The models we compare include unimodal distributional linguistic models as well as multimodal models which combine linguistic with perceptual or affective information. There are two types of linguistic models: those based on text corpora and (...)
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  13.  89
    What affective neuroscience means for science of consciousness.Pereira A. Almada Lf - 2013 - Mens Sana Monographs 11 (1):253.
    The field of affective neuroscience has emerged from the efforts of Jaak Panksepp in the 1990s and reinforced by the work of, among others, Joseph LeDoux in the 2000s. It is based on the ideas that affective processes are supported by brain structures that appeared earlier in the phylogenetic scale (as the periaqueductal gray area), they run in parallel with cognitive processes, and can influence behaviour independently of cognitive judgements. This kind of approach contrasts with the hegemonic concept (...)
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  14.  20
    How affect modulates conversational meanings: a review of experimental research: invited review. [REVIEW]Nikos Vergis - forthcoming - Cognition and Emotion.
    Affect has been found to play important role in word and sentence processing. What is less understood is the role it plays in the process by which interlocutors arrive at what speakers mean. In the present review, the way affect modulates how we comprehend what others mean is examined. This is done by reviewing studies that have employed experimental methods using both written materials and spoken utterances. The goal of the present review is to better understand how the inferential process (...)
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  15. Affection and Cogitatio. Psychopathology and Husserl’s Theory of Meaning.Yasuhiko Murakami - 2010 - Studia Phaenomenologica 10:193-204.
    Behind the phase of cognition analysed by Husserl, there is a phase of affection. In this phase, there are significant mental disorders occurring. Similar to the way in which the phase of cognition is divided into reference, meaning (referent), and representation of words (classification according to Husserl's theory of meaning), the phase of affection is also divided into reference, “meaning,” and figure as sphere of “meaning”. The situation as a reference can allow various predications to form (...)
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  16.  43
    Does Loving Longer Mean Loving More? On the Nature of Enduring Affective Attitudes.Aaron Ben-Ze’ev - 2017 - Philosophia 45 (4):1541-1562.
    This article provides a conceptual map of the affective terrain while focusing on enduring positive affective attitudes, such as love and happiness. The first section of the article examines the basic characteristics of affective attitudes, i.e., intentionality, feeling, and dispositionality, and classifies the various affective attitudes accordingly. An important distinction in this regard is between acute, extended, and enduring affective attitudes. Then a discussion on the temporality of affective attitudes is presented. The second section (...)
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  17.  84
    Form and meaning in music: Revisiting the affective character of the major and minor modes.Timothy Justus, Laura Gabriel & Adela Pfaff - 2018 - Auditory Perception and Cognition 1 (3–4):229–247.
    Musical systems develop associations over time between aspects of musical form and concepts from outside of the music. Experienced listeners internalize these connotations, such that the formal elements bring to mind their extra-musical meanings. An example of musical form-meaning mapping is the association that Western listeners have between the major and minor modes and happiness and sadness, respectively. We revisit the emotional semantics of musical mode in a study of 44 American participants (musicians and non-musicians) who each evaluated the (...)
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  18.  47
    Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: The importance of peaks, ends, and specific emotions.Barbara L. Fredrickson - 2000 - Cognition and Emotion 14 (4):577-606.
    This article reviews existing empirical research on the peak-and-end rule. This rule states that people's global evaluations of past affective episodes can be well predicted by the affect experienced during just two moments: the moment of peak affect intensity and the ending. One consequence of the peak-and-end rule is that the duration of affective episodes is largely neglected. Evidence supporting the peak-and-end rule is robust, but qualified. New directions for future work in this emerging area of study are (...)
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  19.  27
    Review Essay: Affecting Performance: Meaning, Movement, and Experience in Okiek Women's Initiation.Steven M. Friedson - 1995 - Anthropology of Consciousness 6 (2):37-39.
    Affecting Performance: Meaning, Movement, and Experience in Okiek Women's Initiation. Corinne A. Kratz. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. 469 pp. $69.00 (cloth), $24.95 (paper).
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  20.  89
    What affective neuroscience means for science of consciousness.Leonardo Ferreira Almada, Alfredo Pereira Jr & Claudia Carrara-Augustenborg - 2013 - Mens Sana Monographs 11 (1):253.
    The field of affective neuroscience has emerged from the efforts of Jaak Panksepp in the 1990s and reinforced by the work of, among others, Joseph LeDoux in the 2000s. It is based on the ideas that affective processes are supported by brain structures that appeared earlier in the phylogenetic scale (as the periaqueductal gray area), they run in parallel with cognitive processes, and can influence behaviour independently of cognitive judgements. This kind of approach contrasts with the hegemonic concept (...)
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  21.  75
    Meaning and Affect.Charles Starkey - 2006 - The Pluralist 1 (2):88 - 103.
    Many theories of meaning hold that meaning is found in some sort of subjective state. However, subjective accounts of meaning have not engaged in a systematic analysis of the subjective state or presented a sustained argument for why meaning is found in that particular state and not some other type of subjective state. This paper argues that emotions play a fundamental role in the meaningfulness of activities in our lives. It contends that emotions are essential to (...)
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  22.  36
    Visual affect in films: a semiotic approach.Yi Jing - 2021 - Semiotica 2021 (239):99-124.
    This study investigates affective meanings expressed in facial expressions and bodily gestures from a semiotic perspective. Particularly, the study focuses on disentangling relations of affective meanings and exploring the meaning potential of facial expressions and bodily gestures. Based on the analysis of over three hundred screenshots from two films (one animation and one live-action film), this study proposes a system of visual affect, as well as a system of visual resources involved in the expression of visual affect. (...)
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  23.  34
    Affective Priming by Simple Geometric Shapes: Evidence from Event-related Brain Potentials.Yinan Wang & Qin Zhang - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7:175410.
    Previous work has demonstrated that simple geometric shapes may convey emotional meaning using various experimental paradigms. However, whether affective meaning of simple geometric shapes can be automatically activated and influence the evaluations of subsequent stimulus is still unclear. Thus the present study employed an affective priming paradigm to investigate whether and how two geometric shapes (circle vs. downward triangle) impact on the affective processing of subsequently presented faces (Experiment 1) and words (Experiment 2). At behavioral (...)
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  24.  17
    How Mindfulness Affects Life Satisfaction: Based on the Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory.Xiaojun Li, Liping Ma & Qi Li - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Life satisfaction is the general evaluation of the individual’s life, which is of great significance to achieving a better life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating effect of core self-evaluation, positive affect, and negative affect in the relationship between trait mindfulness and life satisfaction based on the Mindfulness-to-Meaning theory. 991 Chinese undergraduates completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. (...)
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  25.  37
    Must we mean what we do? – Review Symposium on Leys’s The Ascent of Affect.Clive Barnett - 2020 - History of the Human Sciences 33 (2):115-126.
  26. Music Communicates Affects, Not Basic Emotions – A Constructionist Account of Attribution of Emotional Meanings to Music.Julian Cespedes-Guevara & Tuomas Eerola - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:326516.
    Basic Emotion theory has had a tremendous influence on the affective sciences, including music psychology, where most researchers have assumed that music expressivity is constrained to a limited set of basic emotions. Several scholars suggested that these constrains to musical expressivity are explained by the existence of a shared acoustic code to the expression of emotions in music and speech prosody. In this article we advocate for a shift from this focus on basic emotions to a constructionist account. This (...)
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  27.  28
    Experience With a Linguistic Variant Affects the Acquisition of Its Sociolinguistic Meaning: An Alien‐Language‐Learning Experiment.Wei Lai, Péter Rácz & Gareth Roberts - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (4):e12832.
    How do speakers learn the social meaning of different linguistic variants, and what factors influence how likely a particular social–linguistic association is to be learned? It has been argued that the social meaning of more salient variants should be learned faster, and that learners' pre‐existing experience of a variant will influence its salience. In this paper, we report two artificial‐language‐learning experiments investigating this. Each experiment involved two language‐learning stages followed by a test. The first stage introduced the artificial (...)
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  28.  87
    Meaning in life and seeing the big picture: Positive affect and global focus.Joshua A. Hicks & Laura A. King - 2007 - Cognition and Emotion 21 (7):1577-1584.
  29. Noumenal Causality Reconsidered: Affection, Agency, and Meaning in Kant.Kenneth R. Westphal - 1997 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 27 (2):209 - 245.
    The idea that noumena or things in themselves causally affect our sensibility, and thus provide us with sensations, has been rejected on two basic grounds: It is unintelligible because distinguishes between appearance and reality in such a way that things cannot in principle appear as they really are, and it requires applying the concept of causality trans-phenomenally, contra Kant’s Schematism. I argue that noumenal causality is intelligible and is required out of fidelity to Kant’s texts and doctrines. Kant’s theory of (...)
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  30.  31
    Politicizing Algorithms by Other Means: Toward Inquiries for Affective Dissensions.Florian Jaton & Dominique Vinck - 2023 - Perspectives on Science 31 (1):84-118.
    In this paper, we build upon Bruno Latour’s political writings to address the current impasse regarding algorithms in public life. We assert that the increasing difficulties at governing algorithms—be they qualified as “machine learning,” “big data,” or “artificial intelligence”—can be related to their current ontological thinness: deriving from constricted views on theoretical practices, algorithms’ standard definition as problem-solving computerized methods provides poor grips for affective dissensions. We then emphasize on the role historical and ethnographic studies of algorithms can potentially (...)
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  31.  70
    The Neurobiology Shaping Affective Touch: Expectation, Motivation, and Meaning in the Multisensory Context.Dan-Mikael Ellingsen, Siri Leknes, Guro Løseth, Johan Wessberg & Håkan Olausson - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  32.  62
    Meaning and Movement: Exploring the Deep Connections to Education.Nate McCaughtry & Inez Rovegno - 2001 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 20 (6):489-505.
    Many in education suggest that to have studentsadopt healthy and active lifestyles, then theymust be offered meaning rich physical activityexperiences. This paper adds to thisconversation in two ways. First, this paperadds depth and richness to traditionalconceptualizations of the meaning in movement.In doing so, we interrogate the physical,cognitive and affective meaning that studentsmay derive from participation in movement.Second, this paper examines the role ofphysical activity in theme-based, integratedcurriculum. We highlight how physical activitycan be incorporated into theme-based units (...)
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  33.  20
    Age-Related Differences in Affective Norms for Chinese Words (AANC).Pingping Liu, Qin Lu, Zhen Zhang, Jie Tang & Buxin Han - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12:585666.
    Information on age-related differences in affective meanings of words is widely used by researchers to study emotions, word recognition, attention, memory, and text-based sentiment analysis. To date, no Chinese affective norms for older adults are available although Chinese as a spoken language has the largest population in the world. This article presents the first large-scale age-related affective norms for 2,061 four-character Chinese words (AANC). Each word in this database has rating values in the four dimensions, namely, valence, (...)
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  34.  75
    Admiration, Affectivity, and Value: Critical Remarks on Exemplarity.Wojciech Kaftanski - 2024 - Journal of Value Inquiry 58 (2):197-214.
    By spelling out the affective dimension of admiration, this paper challenges the view of admiration as a trustworthy means of detecting morally desirable qualities in exemplars. Such a view of admiration, foundational for the current debate on exemplars in moral education, holds that admiration is a self-motivating emotion essentially oriented toward the good and the excellent. I demonstrate that this view ignores the affective aspects of admiration explored widely in the history of philosophy on which the debate on (...)
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  35.  47
    Is Meaning Holism Compatible with Semantic Minimalism?Filip Kawczyński - 2017 - Studia Semiotyczne 31 (2):53-75.
    Meaning Holism and Contextualism are standardly acknowledged to be similar relativistic theories that often lead to similar troubles, in particular to issues concerning instability. On the other hand, the main rival of Contextualism, which is Minimalism, is taken to be resistant to these problems. In effect, it seems inevitable to see Meaning Holism and Minimalism as natural enemies. In my paper, I attempt to reject such a view. My argumentation consists of three main parts. First, I argue that (...)
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  36.  38
    Situated Affectivity, Enactivism, and the Weapons Effect.Michelle Maiese - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (5):97.
    Existing research on the “weapons effect” indicates that simply seeing a weapon can prime aggressive thoughts and appraisals and increase aggressive behavior. But how and why does this happen? I begin by discussing prevailing explanations of the weapons effect and propose that these accounts tend to be over-intellectualistic insofar as they downplay or overlook the important role played by affectivity. In my view, insights from the fields of situated affectivity and enactivism help us to understand how cognitive and affective (...)
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  37.  37
    Comment: Critical Questions for Affect Control Theory.Mikko Salmela - 2014 - Emotion Review 6 (2):138-139.
    Affect control theory (ACT) is a sociological theory developed for modeling and predicting emotions and social behaviors in social interaction. In this commentary, I identify a few potential problems in the theory, as presented in the target article (Rogers, Schröder, & von Scheve, 2014) and elsewhere, and in its suggested compatibility with other major emotion theories. The first problem concerns ACT’s capacity to model emotion generation insofar as emotions have nonconceptual content. The second problem focuses on the limits of modeling (...)
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  38.  59
    An Affective Variant of the Simon Paradigm.Jan De Houwer & Paul Eelen - 1998 - Cognition and Emotion 12 (1):45-62.
    In this paper, we introduce anaffective variant of the Simon paradigm. Three experiments are reported in which nouns and adjectives with a positive, negative, or neutral affective meaning were used as stimuli. Depending on the grammatical category of the presented word (i.e. noun or adjective), participants had to respond as fast as possible by saying a predetermined positive or negative word. In Experiments 1 and 2, the words POSITIVE and NEGATIVE were required as responses, in Experiment 3, FLOWER (...)
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  39.  39
    On having very long arms: how the availability of technological means affects moral cognition.Jonas Nagel & Michael R. Waldmann - 2016 - Thinking and Reasoning 22 (2):184-208.
    ABSTRACTModern technological means allow for meaningful interaction across arbitrary distances, while human morality evolved in environments in which individuals needed to be spatially close in order to interact. We investigate how people integrate knowledge about modern technology with their ancestral moral dispositions to help relieve nearby suffering. Our first study establishes that spatial proximity between an agent's means of helping and the victims increases people's judgement of helping obligations, even if the agent is constantly far personally. We then report and (...)
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  40.  18
    Quantum core affect. Color-emotion structure of semantic atom.Ilya A. Surov - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:838029.
    Psychology suffers from the absence of mathematically-formalized primitives. As a result, conceptual and quantitative studies lack an ontological basis that would situate them in the company of natural sciences. The article addresses this problem by describing a minimal psychic structure, expressed in the algebra of quantum theory. The structure is demarcated into categories of emotion and color, renowned as elementary psychological phenomena. This is achieved by means of quantum-theoretic qubit state space, isomorphic to emotion and color experiences both in (...) and math. In particular, colors are mapped to the qubit states through geometric affinity between the HSL-RGB color solids and the Bloch sphere, widely used in physics. The resulting correspondence aligns with the recent model of subjective experience, producing a unified spherical map of emotions and colors. This structure is identified as a semantic atom of natural thinking—a unit of affectively-colored personal meaning, involved in elementary acts of a binary decision. The model contributes to finding a unified ontology of both inert and living Nature, bridging previously disconnected fields of research. In particular, it enables theory-based coordination of emotion, decision, and cybernetic sciences, needed to achieve new levels of practical impact. (shrink)
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  41.  11
    Affective Behavior in Parent Couples Undergoing Couple Therapy: Contrasting Case Studies.Esther Liekmeier, Joëlle Darwiche, Lara Pinna, Anne-Sylvie Repond & Jean-Philippe Antonietti - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12:634276.
    Being in a romantic relationship is characterized by a high degree of intimacy and affective involvement. Affective behavior indicates the emotional content in couple interactions and therefore promotes an understanding of the evolution of romantic relationships. When couples are also parents, their affective behavior reflects their romantic and coparental bonds. In this paper, we present an observation of parent couples’ affective behavior during a coparenting conflict discussion task to document whether and how much it improved during (...)
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  42.  29
    An assessment of the fourth law of Kuryłowicz: does prototypicality of meaning affect language change?Isabeau De Smet - 2023 - Cognitive Linguistics 34 (2):261-296.
    According to the (in)famous fourth law of Kuryłowicz (K4), when a morphological doublet arises in a language, the newer form becomes associated with the prototypical, basic meaning, while the old form takes a secondary meaning. This paper takes a first attempt at a more thorough inquiry of K4 to assess whether prototypicality of meaning has an effect on morphological change. Three studies on historical Dutch are taken on: -enversus -splurals, the apocope of schwa and the apocope of (...)
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  43.  18
    Laypeople’s Affective Images of Energy Transition Pathways.Gisela Böhm, Rouven Doran & Hans-Rüdiger Pfister - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:403629.
    This paper explores the public perception of energy transition pathways, that is, individual behaviors, political strategies, and technologies that aim to foster a shift towards a low-carbon and sustainable society. We employed affective image analysis, a structured method based on free associations to explore positive and negative connotations and affective meanings. Affective image analysis allows to tap into affective meanings and to compare these meanings across individuals, groups, and cultures. Data were collected among university students in (...)
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  44. Affects and Agency: An Interdisciplinary, Psychoanalytic Study.Elliot L. Jurist - 1997 - Dissertation, City University of New York
    There is currently a burgeoning interest in affects across a number of disciplines--philosophy, psychology, neuroscience and psychoanalysis. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent one can infer that a common set of problems and concerns exists. In this project, therefore, I undertake an interdisciplinary inquiry with the aim of providing conceptual clarity about the meaning and function of affects. In particular, I begin with the history of philosophy; then I turn to focus upon psychology--exploring the notion of "basic emotions" (...)
     
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  45. Sovereign Chaos and Riotous Affects, Or, How to Find Joy Behind the Barricades.Aylon Cohen - 2020 - Capacious: Journal for Emerging Affect Inquiry 2 (1-2):152–172.
    A commonly deployed signifier to render the political event of a riot intelligible, ‘chaos’ describes an affective condition of disorder and disarray. For some theorists of affect, such a condition of chaotic unpredictability suggests emancipatory potential. Recounting the 2018 May Day / May 1st protests in Paris, that both politicians and media declared to be a riot, this paper argues that to consider the riot as chaotic is to think and feel like a state. Critically interrogating the analytical purchase (...)
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  46.  20
    Managing affect: integration of empathy and problem-solving in health care encounters.Johanna Ruusuvuori - 2007 - Discourse Studies 9 (5):597-622.
    This study describes the ways in which professionals in two contexts of health care: general practice and homeopathic consultations, respond to patients' affective expressions of a trouble or a problem. The focus is on the turns of professionals that display understanding, compassion or agreement with the patient's account. Different types of affiliative turns are described and their consequences for the following interaction are scrutinized in relation to the institutional task of solving the patients' health-related problems. It is shown that (...)
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  47.  37
    Is Affectivity Passive or Active?Robert Zaborowski - 2018 - Philosophia 46 (3):541-554.
    In this paper I adopt Aquinas’ explanation of passivity and activity by means of acts remaining in the agent and acts passing over into external matter. I use it to propose a divide between immanent-type and transcendent-type acts. I then touch upon a grammatical distinction between three kinds of verbs. To argue for the activity and passivity of affectivity I refer to the group that includes acts of transcendent-type and whose verbs in both voices possess affective meaning. In (...)
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  48.  9
    The influence and its meaning of negotiations between Confucianism and Buddhism affecting on the establishment of Choseon Seon in the 16th and the 17th century. [REVIEW]BangRyong Kim - 2011 - 동서철학연구(Dong Seo Cheol Hak Yeon Gu; Studies in Philosophy East-West) 59:321-347.
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  49.  32
    Affective Comprehension in the Philosophy of John Macmurray.Ghislaine Florival - 1992 - Philosophy and Theology 6 (4):313-328.
    This study provides (1) a reading of the theses of John Macmurray, (2) a comparative phenomenological analysis, and (3) an investigation of the meaning of affectivity within this analysis.
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  50. Affectivity in existentialist philosophy.Béatrice Han-Pile - manuscript
    Since fully covering such a topic in the short space imparted to this paper is an impossible task, I have chosen to focus on three philosophers: Nietzsche, Heidegger and Sartre. Of the three, only the latter was undoubtedly an existentialist ⎯ Heidegger explicitly rejected the categorisation (in the Letter on Humanism), and there is disagreement among commentators about Nietzsche’s status1. However, they have two major common points which justify my focusing on them: firstly, they uphold the primacy of existence over (...)
     
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