本书共分35个问题,其内容包括唯物论、辩证法、认识论和科学方法等重要的哲学理论,同时又涉及数学、宇宙演化史、生物进化论、生物工程、相对论和量子力学等自然科学理论。.

本书内容包括:儒家与人际关系的改善;谈儒家与心灵生活;谈孟子与成功之道;感悟老子的人生大智慧等。.

《傅玄〈傅子〉校读》是一部关于傅玄遗文的校释性著作。属于傅玄研究中的基础性研究.

This paper uses the Process Dissociation Procedure to explore whether people can acquire unconscious knowledge in the serial reaction time task [Destrebecqz, A., & Cleeremans, A. . Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the Process Dissociation Procedure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 343–350; Wilkinson, L., & Shanks, D. R. . Intentional control and implicit sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 354–369]. Experiment 1 showed that people generated legal sequences above baseline levels under exclusion (...) instructions. Reward moved exclusion performance towards baseline, indicating that the extent of motivation in the test phase influenced the expression of unconscious knowledge. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that even with reward, adding noise to the sequences or shortening training led to above-baseline exclusion performance, suggesting that task difficulty and the amount of training also affected the expression of unconscious knowledge. The results help resolve some current debates about the role of conscious awareness in sequence learning. (shrink)

The conceptual and methodological contributions of Marxist aesthetics from Eastern European countries like Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and East Germany were productive and significant despite various hurdles faced concerning institutionalization, legitimization and differing theoretical abuses. In its mode of inquiry and discursive practices, Eastern European Marxist aesthetics is both similar and dissimilar to its Western, Soviet, Russian and Chinese counterparts. The specificity here is the function of a unique geographical and socio-historical context, as well as interaction with other (...) contemporary paradigms of thought. The innovative impulses of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics affected six scholarly domains: aesthetics of praxis, theory of realism, critique of modernity, semiotics, theory of genre and cultural theory. This paper provides a general survey of the intellectual achievements of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics across these six domains and will show how this theoretical tradition has influenced the modern history of ideas. (shrink)

This paper offers a short history of Agnes Heller’s relationship to China through three aspects: imaginative aesthetic enjoyment, real encounters with Chinese cultural spectacles and actual audiences, and the construction of an academic community through creative dialogue. These discussions suggest that Heller felt at home in China. Although Heller has passed away, a home for us remains in her work through remembering her and engaging further with her writings.

Past research suggests that spiritual leadership plays a pivotal role in enhancing employee job performance, yet we have little understanding of how and when spiritual leadership enhances employee job performance. The present study explores how and when spiritual leadership promotes job performance by examining relational energy as a mediator and leader integrity and relational energy differentiation as boundary conditions. We tested the theoretical model with data gathered across three phases over 12 months from 497 employees and their supervisors in 108 (...) groups. Results showed that the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and job performance was mediated by relational energy. Moreover, we found that leader integrity amplified the mediated relationship between spiritual leadership and employee job performance via relational energy. In contrast, relational energy differentiation weakened this mediated relationship. (shrink)

H. L. A Hart complained about the ambiguity of legal positivism, and proposed a definition that refers to particular explications of the concept of law, to certain theories of legal interpretation, to particular views on the moral problem of a duty to obey the law, and to a sceptical position with regard to the meta-ethical issue of the possibility of moral knowledge. It is said to be restricted to the Thesis of Separation — the contention that there is no necessary (...) connection between law and morals. In this chapter, the Separation Thesis is discussed even further, and has three shortcomings identified: first, that it has been vacillating between object-level contentions about moral qualities of the law; that the precise logical relation between both levels has never been properly accounted for; and that the question of necessary relations between morality and law hinges crucially on the presupposition that the very concept of law itself does not unravel into different sets of convenient stipulations from different epistemological angles, each of which renders the question of such necessary relations trivial. The Separation Thesis is also identified as having two versions: the Fallibility Law and the Neutrality Law. (shrink)

This project was undertaken to ascertain the perceptions of a group of Taiwan’s fourth-year bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) students regarding death and help expected from nurses during the dying process. Within the Chinese culture, death is one of the most important life issues. However, in many Chinese societies it is difficult for people to reveal their deepest feelings to their significant others or loved ones. It was in this context that this project was developed because little is known (...) about how Taiwan’s nursing students perceive death and the dying process. Using an open-ended, self-report questionnaire, 110 senior BSN students recorded their thoughts on: (1) their fears before physical death; (2) afterlife destinations; and (3) the help they would expect from nurses when dying. The data were analyzed using a three-layer qualitative thematic analysis. The students’ reported needs during the dying process were directed towards three main goals: (1) help in reaching the ‘triple targets of individual life’; (2) help in facilitating in-depth support so that both the dying person and significant others can experience a blessed farewell; and (3) help in reaching a destination in the afterlife. The results support the belief of dying as a transition occurring when life weans itself from the mortal world and prepares for an afterlife. (shrink)

中國哲學的特質，是向著超越界開放的人文主義， 此超越界或名為帝，或名為天，或名為道。 不同名稱顯示此種人文主義的開放性與創造性。 這樣的超越界總是伴同一個人的終極關懷而「呈現」出來， 此一呈現隨著古代歷史的演變而展示豐富多彩的面貌。 本書從《詩經》、《書經》、《左傳》、《國語》等書， 以及孔子、孟子、荀子、老子、莊子等人所論述的天論概念， 闡發幽微， 期使中國古人的心靈世界更形清晰，也更為可敬。 傅佩榮教授對中國哲學的興趣與關懷，深受方東美先生的啟發。真正著手認真研究，則是在美國耶魯大學念書時，選讀余英時先生的課開始。方先生以中國哲學的精神與發展「博」之，余先生以歷史文獻的考證與論據「約」之。 經過這一博一約，傅佩榮教授踏入了中國哲學的園地。 傅佩榮教授主張，一般論者多以中國哲學的特質為人文主義或人本主義，這種看法容易引起誤解，譬如以為中國人的視野只是現實的人間世界，即使道德規範與宗教禮儀也不過是考慮「利用厚生」而已，談不上什麼終極關懷與超 越境界。就算勉強肯定了道德主體有其超越依據，也多半以後者為立說之「假設」而已，不必認真看待。這種觀點並不符合先秦重要典籍的明白意旨。如果我們承認先秦典籍（如：詩經、書經、易經、左傳等）與古典儒家及道家 的主要作品，可以代表中國心靈的原型，那麼我們將不難發現：中國哲學的特質並非僅是人文主義，而是開放的人文主義──向著超越界開放。此超越界或名為帝，或名為天，或名為道。不同名稱足以顯示此種人文主義的開放性 與創造性。這樣的超越界絕不是個「假設」，反之，它總是伴同一個人的終極關懷──或為宗教熱忱，或為道德抉擇，或為藝術才情──而「呈現」出來。此一呈現隨著古代歷史的演變而展示豐富多彩的面貌。本書之作，即在闡 發其中幽微，期使中國古人的心靈世界更形清晰，也更為可敬。.

209篇點亮思想的珠玉精華 哲學權威 傅佩榮教授又一哲普力作 教育界好評推薦 教育部部長蔣偉寧／全國教師會理事長劉欽旭／建國中學校長陳偉泓／北一女高校長張碧娟／中山女高校長楊世瑞／師大附中校長卓俊辰／成功高中校長李慶宗／台南一中校長張添唐／高雄中學校長黃秀霞 學校不會考，但 你一定要懂得生命思考 人生困惑不一定有解，但能積極以對， 善用歷代哲人的智慧精華來應對思考、活用變通， 磨練一把專屬於你的思想之鑰。 本書介紹影響人類文化、思想最深遠的百位西方哲學家，從希臘時代的蘇格拉底、柏拉圖、亞里斯多德，以至現代的佛洛伊德、沙特、卡謬等人。讀者可透過閱讀這些哲學家的故事來了解西方哲學的發展脈絡與流派演變，以及他 們所處時代的社會與生活風貌，進而建立多元思考方式，開啟不同視角，以另種觀點來反思自己的人生。 智者的思考，不分時代，你也可以活用。.

本书主要从五个方面对老庄生命哲学进行梳理和阐发.一是老庄生命哲学形成的原因分析.二是老庄的生命本质论.三是老庄的生命价值论.四是老庄的生命过程论.五是老庄的生命境界论.

This study examines factors impacting organizational commitment of 214 employees working at a Chinese state-owned steel company. Ethical behavior of peers and ethical behavior of successful managers had a significant impact on organizational commitment. The four facets of job satisfaction (pay, coworker, supervision, and work itself) had a significant impact on organizational commitment. Respondent’s age also significantly impacted organizational commitment. Perceptions of ethical behavior of successful managers, satisfaction with work, and gender were significantly correlated with social desirability bias.

Modal logic with counting is obtained from basic modal logic by adding cardinality comparison formulas of the form $ \#\varphi \succsim \#\psi $, stating that the cardinality of successors satisfying $ \varphi $ is larger than or equal to the cardinality of successors satisfying $ \psi $. It is different from graded modal logic where basic modal logic is extended with formulas of the form $ \Diamond _{k}\varphi $ stating that there are at least $ k$-many different successors satisfying $ (...) \varphi $. In this paper, we investigate the axiomatization of ML(#) with respect to different frame classes, such as image-finite frames and arbitrary frames. Drawing inspiration from existing works, we employ a similar proof strategy that uses the characterization of binary relations on finite Boolean algebras capable of representing generalized probability measures or finite (respectively arbitrary) cardinality measures. Our main result shows that any formula not provable in the Hilbert system can be refuted within a finite (respectively arbitrary) cardinality measure Kripke frame with a finite domain. We then transform this finite (respectively arbitrary) cardinality measure Kripke frame into a Kripke frame in the corresponding class, refuting the unprovable formula. (shrink)

This paper discusses Eastern European Marxists’ consideration of science and technology concerning aesthetic dimensions. Different from most of Western Marxists who take negative or dystopian attitudes towards modern science and technology from the aesthetic utopian perspective, those Marxists who come from countries such as Hungary, Yugoslav, Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Bulgaria or Romania, which once belonged to the socialist camp, under the influence of Soviet and Western culture, pay attention to the complicated tension between science-technology and aesthetics. In this paper, (...) I probe into these notions by reading György Lukács, Budapest School, Romanian theorists and the Yugoslav Praxis Group, which are divided into four key points: basic nature of science in contrast with arts; modern tension of culture between science and arts; the possibility of scientific aesthetics; and development of arts in the world of technology. There is a dialectical understanding of science and technology here which contributes to contemporary recognition of science and technology from the point of view of neo-humanism, not only in aesthetics but also human existence. This is relevant to theoretical reflection on the present and future Chinese socialist aesthetics. (shrink)