Vertebrates respond to light with more than just their eyes. In this article, we speculate on the intriguing possibility that a link remains between non‐visual opsins and neurohormonal systems that control neuronal circuit formation and activity in mammals. Historically, the retina and pineal gland were considered the only significant light‐sensing tissues in vertebrates. However over the last century, evidence has accumulated arguing that extra‐ocular tissues in vertebrates influence behavior through non‐image‐forming photoreception. One such class of extra‐ocular light detectors are the (...) long mysterious deep brain photoreceptors. Here, we review recent findings on the cellular identity and the function of deep brain photoreceptors controlling behavior and physiology in zebrafish, and discuss their implications. (shrink)

Development of an animal embryo involves the coordination of cell divisions, a variety of inductive interactions and extensive cellular rearrangements. One of the biggest challenges in developmental biology is to explain the relationships between these processes and the mechanisms that regulate them. Teleost embryos provide an ideal subject for the study of these issues. Their optical lucidity combined with modern techniques for the marking and observation of individual living cells allow high resolution investigations of specific morphogenetic movements and the construction (...) of detailed fate maps. In this review we describe the patterns of cell divisions, cellular movements and other morphogenetic events during zebrafish early development and discuss how these events relate to the formation of restricted lineages. (shrink)

This paper is an introduction into the theory of cellular spaces. From the more general model of nets of abstract cells which are interpreted by finite automata, it is shown how the model of cellular spaces is achieved by specialization. Cellular spaces are extremely homogeneous in function and in geometry. The relation between local and global behavior is regarded as the main topic of the theory. After a formal definition of cellular spaces, it is shown that not all functions of (...) the configuration space are induced by cellular spaces. In addition, the Garden-of-Eden problem is discussed, and a simple self-reproduction property is explained. (shrink)

Laws are true lawlike sentences. But what is lawlikeness? Much effort went into investigating the issue, but the richer the concert of opinions became, the more apparent their deficiencies became too, and with it the profound importance of the issue for epistemology and philosophy of science.

Im Schatten der Lebenswissenschaft: Kants Ästhetik und Goethes Poetik des Anorganischen. Wolfgang Hottners Studie rückt zum ersten Mal einen zentralen Bestandteil der Ästhetik, Wissenschaft und Poetik am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts in den Blick: das Anorganische. Vor dessen diskursiver Marginalisierung durch eine vitalistisch-biopolitische Vernunft, die an der Schwelle zur Moderne primär das 'Leben' zu denken versucht, spielt es insbesondere in den Werken Kants und Goethes eine entscheidende Rolle. In deren je spezifischer Faszination für kristalline Formen und Formwerdungsprozesse werden nicht (...) nur die Prämissen und Aporien einer Ästhetik der Lebendigkeit neu vermessbar, sondern auch die unabgegoltene Widerständigkeit anorganischer Materie ersichtlich, an der sich die Kunst der Romantik und der Moderne abarbeiten wird. Hottners wissensgeschichtlich angelegte Archäologie anorganischer Ästhetik und Poetik zeigt insbesondere anhand kristalliner Formen und Figuren, dass diese für den ästhetischen, poetologischen und prototechnischen Form- und Formwerdungsdiskurs um 1800 mindestens genauso wichtig waren, wie die Rede von Bildungstrieb, Zeugung und Metamorphose. Damit wird eine bisher latente Episode in der Geschichte der modernen Literatur und Ästhetik sichtbar, die die Kant- und Goethe-Forschung vor neue Herausforderungen stellt. (shrink)

A complete recursive description of noetherian linear _KL_-algebras is given. _L_-algebras form a quantum structure that occurs in algebraic logic, combinatorial group theory, measure theory, geometry, and in connection with solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. It is proved that the self-similar closure of a noetherian linear _KL_-algebra is determined by its partially ordered set of primes, and that its elements admit a unique factorization by a decreasing sequence of prime elements.

In Protestant theology, values are widely neglected because new sociological and philosophical theories of values arenot taken into consideration. In this paper, the author argues that the theory of values as it is developed by the sociologist Hans Joas is a helpful instrument to understand the connection between freedom, justification, and habit. 1t becomes clear that Christi an belief results in a certain way of everyday ethics and spirituality that needs empirical observation and theological reflection.

This is the first complete edition of Schleiermacher's 1820/21 lectures on education, which have hitherto only been available in a drastically abridged version concentrating on the topic of "Punishment and discipline". Notes taken by an unknown student, and published here in modern spelling, clearly show that this concentration does not do justice to Schleiermacher's theory of education. The text is accompanied by a detailed introduction, numerous explanatory notes and a comprehensive subject index.

Como Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Werner Sombart, Georg Simmel y Vilfredo Pareto et al., Ferdinand Tönnies (1855-1936) perteneció a una generación de académicos que llegaron a ser los padres fundadores de la sociología moderna. Tönnies usó el contractualismo de Hobbes para concebir una concepción prop..