Results for 'Utilitarianism'

949 found
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  1. Chapter II What Utilitarianism Is.What Utilitarianism Is - 2006 - In Henry West, The Blackwell Guide to Mill's Utilitarianism. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 67.
     
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  2.  47
    MOZAFFAR QlZILBASH 223 Reviews RM Hare, Sorting Out Ethics DALE E. MILLER 241 Andrew Mason (ed.), Ideals on Equality.Conservative Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham & J. S. Mill - 2000 - Utilitas 12 (2).
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  3.  43
    Optimal Moral Rules and Supererogatory Acts.I. Mill’S. Extraordinary Maximizing Utilitarianism - 2010 - In Ben Eggleston, Dale Miller & David Weinstein, John Stuart Mill and the Art of Life. , US: Oxford University Press.
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  4.  33
    Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism.A. D. Woozley - 1967 - Philosophical Quarterly 17 (67):183-184.
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  5. Integrity, practical deliberation and utilitarianism.Edward Harcourt - 1998 - Philosophical Quarterly 48 (191):189-198.
  6. Variable versus fixed-rate rule-utilitarianism.Brad Hooker & Guy Fletcher - 2008 - Philosophical Quarterly 58 (231):344–352.
    Fixed-rate versions of rule-consequentialism and rule-utilitarianism evaluate rules in terms of the expected net value of one particular level of social acceptance, but one far enough below 100% social acceptance to make salient the complexities created by partial compliance. Variable-rate versions of rule-consequentialism and rule-utilitarianism instead evaluate rules in terms of their expected net value at all different levels of social acceptance. Brad Hooker has advocated a fixed-rate version. Michael Ridge has argued that the variable-rate version is better. (...)
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  7.  78
    (1 other version)Goodness and Utilitarianism.Judith Jarvis Thomson - 1993 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 67 (2):145-159.
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  8. Actual Rule Utilitarianism.Richard B. Miller - 2009 - Journal of Philosophy 106 (1):5-28.
  9. Rawls Versus Utilitarianism.David Lyons - 1972 - Journal of Philosophy 69 (18):535.
  10.  51
    Retrospective and prospective utilitarianism.Brian Ellis - 1981 - Noûs 15 (3):325-339.
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  11. Measuring Impartial Beneficence: A Kantian Perspective on the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale.Emilian Mihailov - 2022 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (3):989-1004.
    To capture genuine utilitarian tendencies, (Kahane et al., Psychological Review 125:131, 2018) developed the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS) based on two subscales, which measure the commitment to impartial beneficence and the willingness to cause harm for the greater good. In this article, I argue that the impartial beneficence subscale, which breaks ground with previous research on utilitarian moral psychology, does not distinctively measure utilitarian moral judgment. I argue that Kantian ethics captures the all-encompassing impartial concern for the well-being of (...)
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  12. A New Argument Against Critical-Level Utilitarianism.Patrick Williamson - 2021 - Utilitas 33 (4):399-416.
    One prominent welfarist axiology, critical-level utilitarianism, says that individual lives must surpass a specified ‘critical level’ in order to make a positive contribution to the comparative status of a given population. In this article I develop a new dilemma for critical-level utilitarians. When comparatively evaluating populations composed of different species, critical-level utilitarians must decide whether the critical level is a universal threshold or whether the critical level is a species-relative threshold. I argue that both thresholds lead to a range (...)
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  13. Utilitarianism: For and Against.J. J. C. Smart & Bernard Williams - 1973 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Bernard Williams.
    Two essays on utilitarianism, written from opposite points of view, by J. J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams. In the first part of the book Professor Smart advocates a modern and sophisticated version of classical utilitarianism; he tries to formulate a consistent and persuasive elaboration of the doctrine that the rightness and wrongness of actions is determined solely by their consequences, and in particular their consequences for the sum total of human happiness. In Part II Bernard Williams offers (...)
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  14.  80
    Sacrificing the Patrol: Utilitarianism, Future Generations and Infinity.Luc Van Liedekerke - 1997 - Economics and Philosophy 13 (2):159-174.
    Many people believe that we have responsibility towards the distant future, but exactly how far this responsibility reaches and how we can find a reasonable ethical foundation for it has not been answered in any definitive manner. Future people have no power over us, they form no part of our moral community and it is unclear how we can represent them in a possible original position. All these problems can be circumvented when you take an impersonal decision criterion like maximizing (...)
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  15. J.s. Mill and the diversity of utilitarianism.Daniel Jacobson - 2003 - Philosophers' Imprint 3:1-18.
    Mill's famous proportionality statement of the Greatest Happiness Principle (GHP) is commonly taken to specify his own moral theory. And the discussion in which GHP is embedded -- Chapter 2 of Utilitarianism -- predominates the interpretation of Mill's normative philosophy. Largely because of these suppositions, Mill is traditionally read as a particular kind of utilitarian: a maximizing act-consequentialist. This paper argues that the canonical status accorded to Utilitarianism is belied by the text itself, as well as by its (...)
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  16. Act vs. rule-utilitarianism.Donald C. Emmons - 1973 - Mind 82 (326):226-233.
  17.  28
    A History of English Utilitarianism.James Seth & Ernest Albee - 1902 - Philosophical Review 11 (5):514.
  18.  77
    John Gay and the Birth of Utilitarianism.Getty L. Lustila - 2018 - Utilitas 30 (1):86-106.
    This article concerns John Gay’s 1731 essay ‘Preliminary Dissertation Concerning the Fundamental Principle of Virtue or Morality’. Gay undertakes two tasks here, the first of which is to supply a criterion of virtue. I argue that he is the first modern philosopher to claim that universal happiness is the aim of moral action. In other words: Gay is the first utilitarian. His second task is to explain the source of moral motivation. He draws upon the principles of association to argue (...)
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  19. Autonomy (The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Utilitarianism).Daniel Groll - 2017 - In Keith Burgess-Jackson, Psychological Egoism. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  20. Bentham's Equality-Sensitive Utilitarianism.Gerald J. Postema - 1998 - Utilitas 10 (2):144-158.
    Rosen argues that Bentham's utilitarian doctrine was sensitive to distributive concerns and would not countenance sacrifice of fundamental individual interests for aggregate gains in happiness in society. This essay seeks to extend and deepen Rosen's argument. It is argued that Bentham's equality-sensitive principle of utility is an expression of an individualist conception of human happiness which contrasts sharply with the orthodox utilitarian abstract conception. Evidence for this interpretation of the basic motivation of Bentham's doctrine is drawn from his view of (...)
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  21.  28
    Liberal Utilitarianism.Paul Weirich - 1989 - Philosophical Books 30 (3):182-183.
    This book review describes and evaluates Jonathan Riley's views about utilitarianism.
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  22. Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare's Two-Level Utilitarianism, by Gary E. Varner * The Philosophy of Animal Minds, edited by Robert W. Lurz.K. Andrews - 2014 - Mind 123 (491):959-966.
    A review of Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare’s Two-Level Utilitarianism, by Gary E. Varner. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. xv + 336. H/b £40.23. and The Philosophy of Animal Minds, edited by Robert W. Lurz. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. 320. P/b £20.21.
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  23.  16
    Rational Preference Utilitarianism.Thomas Young - 1988 - Philosophy in Context 18:19-27.
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  24. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy.Robert E. Goodin - 1995 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Utilitarianism, the great reforming philosophy of the nineteenth century, has today acquired the reputation for being a crassly calculating, impersonal philosophy unfit to serve as a guide to moral conduct. Yet what may disqualify utilitarianism as a personal philosophy makes it an eminently suitable guide for public officials in the pursuit of their professional responsibilities. Robert E. Goodin, a philosopher with many books on political theory, public policy and applied ethics to his credit, defends utilitarianism against its (...)
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  25. Introduction to Rawls on justice and Rawls on utilitarianism.Richard Arneson - unknown
    According to Rawls, the principles of justice are principles that determine a fair resolution of conflicts of interest among persons in a society. “A set of principles is required for choosing among the various social arrangements which determine this division of advantages and for underwriting an agreement on the proper distributive shares” (p. 4). Different interpretations or conceptions of justice fill out this core concept; a theory of justice seeks a best conception. Justice takes priority over other normative claims—as Rawls (...)
     
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  26. Mill on Bentham: From ideology to humanized utilitarianism.Brian A. Anderson - 1983 - History of Political Thought 4 (2):341-356.
  27. An examination of professor Sidgwick's proof of utilitarianism.Ernest Albee - 1901 - Philosophical Review 10 (3):251-260.
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    Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare’s Two-Level Utilitarianism.Robert Streiffer - 2016 - Environmental Ethics 38 (2):249-252.
  29.  33
    India House Utilitarianism.Ben Eggleston & Dale E. Miller - 2007 - Southwest Philosophy Review 23 (1):39-47.
  30. Utilitarianism and Co-Operation.Donald Regan - 1980 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    The author identifies and defines the features of traditional utilitarian theories which account for their appeal, demonstrates that no theory which is exclusively act-oriented can have all the properties that ultilitarians have attempted to build into their theories, and develops a new theory co-operative utilitarianism.
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  31.  16
    Addendum to Smart's "Utilitarianism".Bradford Hooker - unknown
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  32.  19
    Ideal code Utilitarianism.Bradford Hooker - unknown
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  33.  7
    Utilitarianism: with related remarks from Mill's other writings.John Stuart Mill - 2017 - Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Edited by Ben Eggleston.
    This edition of Utilitarianism supplements the text of Mill's classic essay with 58 related remarks carefully selected from Mill's other writings, ranging from his treatise on logic to his personal correspondence. In these remarks, Mill comments on specific passages of Utilitarianism, elaborates on topics he handles briefly in Utilitarianism, and discusses additional aspects of his moral thought. Short introductory comments accompany the related remarks, and an editor's introduction provides an overview of Utilitarianism crafted specifically to enhance (...)
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  34.  35
    Rusbridger’s “The Snowden Leaks and the Public” and Mill’s Utilitarianism.Casey Hladik - 2014 - Stance 7 (1):29-40.
    In the wake of the controversial Snowden leaks, Alan Rusbridger observes that the National Security Administration [NSA] and Government Communications Headquarters [GCHQ] maintain that their mass spying is justified because it prevents the world from “going dark.” This paper will explore the meaning and philosophical significance of “going dark” and argue that the NSA and GCHQ’s claim appeals—wittingly or unwittingly—to J.S. Mill’s ethical principle of utility. This paper will therefore critique this argument within Mill’s utilitarian framework to demonstrate that its (...)
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  35.  63
    Jules Vuillemin and the Utilitarianist Scepticism of Carneades.Stéphane Marchand - 2016 - Philosophia Scientiae 20:49-69.
    Dans son article de 1985, « Une morale est-elle compatible avec le scepticisme? », Jules Vuillemin brosse un portrait du philosophe néo-académicien Carnéade en sceptique utilitariste. L’article s’attache à analyser cette lecture en confrontant l’interprétation de Jules Vuillemin avec les sources que nous avons de Carnéade. Il montre que malgré l’anachronisme assumé de son approche, cette interprétation permet de faire apparaître la particularité du scepticisme de Carnéade, notamment la nature rationnelle de la règle d’action selon le probable, grâce à une (...)
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  36.  76
    From Universal Prescriptivism to Utilitarianism.James W. McGray - 1986 - Philosophy Research Archives 12 (142):79-86.
    This paper is a critique of R.M. Hare’s argument that rational universal prescriptions are equivalent to utilitarian judgments. The problem with Hare’s argument is his restrictive model of rationality. He succeeds in proving that awareness of certain facts is essential to making a fully rational universal prescription. But he fails to prove that other facts, such as the ultimate separateness of persons, are irrelevant. Once such facts are taken seriously, the utilitarian implication is invalidated.
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  37.  30
    Maximal preference utilitarianism as an educational aspiration.Andrew Stables - 2016 - Ethics and Education 11 (3):299-309.
    This paper attempts to square libertarian principles with the reality of formal education by asking how far we should and can allow people to do as they wish in educational settings. The major focus is on children in schools, as the concept ‘childhood’ ipso facto implies restrictions on doing as one wishes, and schools as institutions entail inevitable constraints. Children by definition tend to enjoy stronger protection rights but weaker liberty rights than adults. A local preferential calculus is developed as (...)
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  38.  66
    Rawls On Act Utilitarianism and Rules.Edward Walter - 1990 - Social Philosophy Today 4:355-374.
  39.  99
    On G. E. Moore’s View of Hedonistic Utilitarianism.C. L. Sheng & Harrison F. H. Lee - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 10:277-287.
    At Moore’s time, the main-stream ethical theory is the doctrine that pleasure alone is good as an end as held by the hedonistic utilitarianism. Moore, however, asserts that good, not composed of any parts, is a simple notion and indefinable, and naturalistic ethical theories, in particular hedonistic utilitarianism, interpret intrinsic good as a property of a single natural object---pleasure, which is also the sole end of life, thus violates naturalistic fallacy. Moore seems to believe that there exist things (...)
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  40. Two Minds Vs. Two Philosophies: Mind Perception Defines Morality and Dissolves the Debate Between Deontology and Utilitarianism[REVIEW]Kurt Gray & Chelsea Schein - 2012 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 3 (3):405-423.
    Mind perception is the essence of moral judgment. Broadly, moral standing is linked to perceptions of mind, with moral responsibility tied to perceived agency, and moral rights tied to perceived experience. More specifically, moral judgments are based on a fundamental template of two perceived minds—an intentional agent and a suffering patient. This dyadic template grows out of the universal power of harm, and serves as a cognitive working model through which even atypical moral events are understood. Thus, all instances of (...)
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  41. Utilitarianism, Welfare, Children.Anthony Skelton - 2014 - In Alexander Bagattini & Colin Macleod, The Nature of Children's Well-Being: Theory and Practice. Springer. pp. 85-103.
    Utilitarianism is the view according to which the only basic requirement of morality is to maximize net aggregate welfare. This position has implications for the ethics of creating and rearing children. Most discussions of these implications focus either on the ethics of procreation and in particular on how many and whom it is right to create, or on whether utilitarianism permits the kind of partiality that child rearing requires. Despite its importance to creating and raising children, there are, (...)
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  42. Taking Utilitarianism Seriously.Christopher Woodard - 2019 - Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    Christopher Woodard presents a new and rich version of utilitarianism, the idea that ethics is ultimately about what makes people's lives go better. He launches a state-of-the-art defence of the theory, often seen as excessively simple, and shows that it can account for much of the complexity and nuance of everyday ethical thought.
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  43. Utilitarianism and the pandemic.Julian Savulescu, Ingmar Persson & Dominic Wilkinson - 2020 - Bioethics 34 (6):620-632.
    There are no egalitarians in a pandemic. The scale of the challenge for health systems and public policy means that there is an ineluctable need to prioritize the needs of the many. It is impossible to treat all citizens equally, and a failure to carefully consider the consequences of actions could lead to massive preventable loss of life. In a pandemic there is a strong ethical need to consider how to do most good overall. Utilitarianism is an influential moral (...)
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  44.  74
    Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Acceptance.Evan G. Williams - 2023 - The Journal of Ethics 27 (3):305-328.
    This article presents a rule-utilitarian theory which lies much closer to the social contract tradition than most other forms of consequentialism do: calculated-rates rule preference utilitarianism. Being preference-utilitarian allows the theory to be grounded in instrumental rationality and the equality of agents, as opposed to teleological assumptions about impartial goodness. The calculated-rates approach, judging rules’ consequences by what would happen if they were accepted by whatever number of people is realistic rather than by what would happen if they were (...)
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  45. Utilitarianism with and without expected utility.David McCarthy, Kalle Mikkola & Joaquin Teruji Thomas - 2020 - Journal of Mathematical Economics 87:77-113.
    We give two social aggregation theorems under conditions of risk, one for constant population cases, the other an extension to variable populations. Intra and interpersonal welfare comparisons are encoded in a single ‘individual preorder’. The theorems give axioms that uniquely determine a social preorder in terms of this individual preorder. The social preorders described by these theorems have features that may be considered characteristic of Harsanyi-style utilitarianism, such as indifference to ex ante and ex post equality. However, the theorems (...)
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  46.  25
    Utilitarianism and Socialism in the Nineteenth Century.Ophélie Siméon - 2023 - Revue D’Études Benthamiennes 23.
    This special issue of the _ Revue d’études benthamiennes _ aims to examine the transmission and reception of utilitarian thought among various socialist movements in the nineteenth century, to shed light on their emergence, uses and legacy. By focusing on the originality and variety of these socialist reinterpretations, it builds upon renewed approaches in intellectual and political history that have successfully challenged the classical distinction between “utopian” and “scientific” socialism. Consequently, this issue brings a corrective to the tendency, on the (...)
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  47. A Lacuna in Utilitarianism.Anirban Mukherjee - 2019 - In Siddique Alam Beg, Ethos to Ethics: Theory and Practice. pp. 98-106.
    Utilitarianism has always been a dominant forceful position in ethical philosophy since its inception. However, it is not without its critiques. This paper attempts to answer the question what is it that is lacking in utilitarianism that makes it vulnerable to these critiques and causes it to fail to meaningfully talk about human morality. The paper attempts to answer the question by taking recourse to two concepts not considered in utilitarianism – emotivism and separateness of persons. The (...)
     
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  48.  17
    Utilitarianism - Ed. Bailey.Andrew Bailey (ed.) - 2016 - Peterborough, CA: Broadview Press.
    _Utilitarianism_ is a classic work of ethical theory, arguably the most persuasive and comprehensible presentation of this widely influential position. Mill argues that it is pleasure and pain that ought to guide our decision-making&and not the pleasure and pain of any one person or group, but the summative experience of all who are affected by our actions. While he didn’t invent utilitarianism, Mill offered its clearest expression and strongest defense, and expanded the theory to account for the variety in (...)
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  49.  58
    Utilitarianism, For and Against.D. P. Dryer - 1975 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 4 (3):549 - 559.
    Utilitarianism, For and Against contains in a single volume a slightly revised version of An Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics which J. J. C. Smart published in 1961, together with a critique of it by Bernard Williams. Stuart Hampshire gives another critique in Morality and Pessimism.* After touching on Hampshire I shall outline what seems distinctive of Smart's utilitarianism then consider Williams’ objections.If I remember rightly, Bentham wrote an ‘analysis of the effects of Christianity on the (...)
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  50.  60
    Personal utilitarianism: Multiple selves and their search for the good life.Daniel Read - unknown
    Personal utilitarianism applies act-utilitarianism to the problem of individual choice. It is based on the view that the good life is achieved through maximizing the sum of individual measures of utility over a population. the population being the sequence of semi-autonomous selves from which the individual is composed. I begin by showing how our lives can usefully be partitioned into selves because the weights put on our various choice motives are constantly changing and, consequently, our preferences themselves concerning (...)
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