The paper deals with an issue of philosophical methodology, taking into account Wittgenstein’s critical remark that philosophy (metaphysics), in its modus operandi, imitates science. The thesis of the paper is that such approach is wrong because the peculiarity of philosophical thinking cannot be adequately conceptualized in terms of formal logic. This is shown by the analysis of three cases (Plato, Aristotle and Descartes), i. e. three classical metaphysical projects dedicated to the discovery of “the first principles”.

Straipsnyje aptariami pagrindinių fizinio ugdymo koncepcijų filosofiniai aspektai pabrėžiant filosofijos kaip temiškai neredukuoto mokslo tarpdalykinę reikšmę. Fizinio ugdymo tikslų ir metodų konceptualizavimas neišvengiamai suponuoja vienokią ar kitokią kūno sampratą. Straipsnio autoriai remiasi principine nuostata, kad filosofinei refleksijai sportas ir fizinis aktyvumas atsiskleidžia kaip tam tikros žmogaus saviaktualizacijos formos. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama fizinio ugdymo koncepcijų kaitos sąsaja su filosofinio požiūrio į kūną pokyčiais, išryškinami holistinio požiūrio į individą ir jo ugdymą formavimosi esminiai etapai.

The article aims to highlight that the conceptual apparatus of the contemporary science (not only the problem-solving techniques but also the type of the raised issues) testify the shift of the paradigm, namely, the passage from the Cosmos paradigm to the Chaos paradigm. The significance of the old paradigm, especially considering its astonishing longevity, is related not only with its explanatory potential but also with the innate strife of humans to dwell in the aesthetically and ethically attractive and unconditionally intelligible (...) world. Reductionist methodology became established in the framework of the mechanistic worldview. In this case, simplicity is seen as the main measure of intelligibility; however, the important detail of the elasticity (or, in other words, vagueness) of the simplicity concept is insufficiently considered. The shift towards the new paradigm of chaos is presented as a well-grounded effort of liberation from the universe of anthropocentrism and apriority. (shrink)