In the present paper I try to show that ethical principles of medical activities in general can be adequately applied to medical activities for the patient in his terminal stage. For this objective, I shall argue first what are the principles and rules of medical activities in general, and then show how these can be applied to palliative medicine.

"All the essays published in this volume have been reviewed by members of the Bureau of the SIEPM"--T.p. verso.

Watsuji's Rinrigaku (literally, the principles that allow us to live in friendly community) has been regarded as the definitive study of Japanese ethics for half a century.

A pioneering philosophical exploration, this volume seeks to clarify the function of climate as a key factor within the structure of human existence. The author takes as his starting point the argument that the phenomena of climate should be treated as expressions of subjective human existence and not of natural environments. In developing his argument, Watsuji first examines the basic principles of climate and then proceeds to examine three types of climate in detail--monsoon, desert, and meadow--and their relative impacts on (...) human experience. As both a unique guide to Japan and her culture and a penetrating philosophical study, Climate and Culture will be enlightening reading for students and scholars of modern Japanese thought. (shrink)

Principles of Brain Evolution (Striedter 2005) places little emphasis on natural selection. However, one cannot fully appreciate the diversity of brains across species, nor the evolutionary processes driving such diversity, without an understanding of the effects of natural selection. Had Striedter included more extensive discussions about natural selection, his text would have been more balanced and comprehensive.

How do expert performers practice as they develop creatively? This study investigated the processes involved in the practice of new skills by expert breakdancers. A great deal of evidence supports the theory of “deliberate practice” (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch‐Römer, 1993,Psychological Review, 100,363) in skill acquisition; however, expert creative performers may emphasize other forms of practice for skill development. Four case studies collected through fieldwork and laboratory observation were analyzed to evaluate expert dancers’ practice processes as they developed proficiency in new, (...) specific skills. We focused on three aspects of learning: the degree of skill acquisition, the content of skills included in practice, and dancers’ stated purposes for practicing. The results showed that dancers’ practice improved skills (as suggested by deliberate practice) and engaged the exploration of new, original skills, along with coordinating skills within performance. In their practice, these dance experts went beyond deliberative practice to highly exploratory processes for skill development. (shrink)

Dans la section de Rinrigaku intitulée «L’État», Watsuji Tetsuro définit l’État en tant que «communauté éthique des communautés éthiques». Ce qu’il entend par là, c’est que l’État, pour lui, est la communauté la plus englobante, celle qui n’a pas d’égoïsme et qui place chacune des communautés de rang inférieur dans une structure totalement éthique. Watsuji voit donc l’État comme la forme la plus achevée de communauté. Il considère aussi que l’État, en tant que communauté englobante, peut moralement utiliser la (...) violence pour imposer le respect des lois qu’il édicte, parce que cette violence vient de l’autorité morale de l’État. Enfin, pour Watsuji, l’État possède de lui-même un caractère sacré, qui lui vient de la prédominance de la communauté étatique sur les individus et sur les autres communautés. (shrink)

The target article about the origin and evolution of the isocortex triggers questions about unresolved issues that still need to be dealt with, including: (1) the evolutionary scenario of the origin of the lateral isocortex, (2) the expansion of the dorsal pallium in nonmammals, and (3) the heterogeneity of the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge.

『倫理学』と並ぶ和辻哲郎の主著。古代から近代に至る倫理思想の展開とそれを支える社会構造の変遷を、宗教から文学まで視野に収めた壮大なスケールで描き出す試みは、日本思想の通史としていまだ類例がない。戦後ま もない1952年に刊行された本著は、これ自体が近代日本の思惟の可能性と困難を照らす生きた史料である。.

In the performing arts, such as music and dance performances, people actively interact with each other and show their exciting performances. Some studies have proposed that this interaction is a social origin of the performing arts. Some have further investigated this phenomenon based on the synchronization and coordination theory. Though the majority of these studies have focused on the collaborative context, several genres of the performing arts, such as jazz sessions and breakdance battles, have a competitive context. Several studies have (...) suggested that, in this competitive context, performers actively interact with each other and construct some correspondence. Moreover, a few recent studies focusing on competitive conversations, such as debates, have shown that, compared to people's interactions in collaborative conversations, people in competitive contexts frequently coordinate their behaviors in complicated ways. However, the interaction and coordination among performers in these competitive contexts have not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we investigated the coordination of expert breakdancers in battle scenes and measured their rhythmic movements using a motion capture system. We calculated the relative phase of the rhythmic movements between two dancers to investigate their coordination. The results showed that the dancers' rhythmic movements tended to synchronize in an anti-phase fashion, which means that there were similarities as well as differences between the two dancers' rhythmic movements. Furthermore, this pattern of coordination changed dynamically as time elapsed, from an in-phase synchronization or leader-follower relationships to an anti-phase synchronization and then leader-follower relationships. (shrink)

Fudo , publié en 1935, est l’ouvrage le plus célèbre de Watsuji Tetsuro , au-delà même de son oeuvre majeure, Éthique . Il a été reçu en effet principalement comme un essai sur l’identité japonaise. Mais définir l’identité japonaise n’était pas pour Watsuji l’objectif principal de ce livre. Fudo a été conçu en réponse à Sein und Zeit de Heidegger. À l’accent mis sur la temporalité par le maître livre, il répond en mettant l’accent sur la spatialité; et à (...) l’historialité heideggérienne , il répond par le concept de fudosei, qu’il définit comme «le moment structurel de l’existence humaine», c’est-à-dire la dynamique de la spatialité concrète où chaque être humain est engagé de par sa relation existentielle avec autrui et avec les choses de son milieu. Ce concept central, créé par Watsuji, est ici rendu par le néologisme médiance , qui exprime la dualité de l’humain concrètement replacé dans son milieu : une dimension individuelle et une dimension relationnelle , le couplage de ces deux «moitiés» de l’être s’incarnant dans l’être humain concret . La traduction porte sur le préambule et sur le premier chapitre de Fudo, où Watsuji présente puis expose sa théorie générale des milieux humains et de la médiance, ainsi que, à titre d’exemple, sur deux extraits où il interprète le milieu désertique et le milieu bucolique. (shrink)