In the context of technological dissemination sessions aimed at prospective students at the Polytechnic University of Baja California in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, the importance of engineering and its role in scientific and technological progress was stressed, as well as its role in scientific and technological progress as drivers of economic development in the region. A group of 2,154 students from 20 different institutions of public high school education answered a survey designed as an evaluation tool for a (...) career path or technology area of interest. The survey results show that students have a low preference for engineering careers. Moreover, these results were augmented with an additional study on the high attrition of students in engineering schools in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, also conducted by the authors. It raises the importance of teaching science in the early education levels, which aims to prepare scientists and technologists needed for the development of research and innovation as a foundation for economic prosperity and welfare of an emerging economy such as Mexico. (shrink)

Este texto procura analisar uma passagem do terceiro livro de A República de Platão, que trata dos tipos de poesia e de elocução. Observa-se certa variação de emprego do vocabulário associado à ideia de imitação que parece conduzir a algumas dificuldades de entendimento do sentido e dos objetivos da doutrina. A seguir, a análise tenta propor uma forma de explicar e solucionar o que parece ser uma espécie de flutuação semântica desse vocabulário, com base em teses já estabelecidas anteriormente no (...) diálogo. (shrink)

A vision based taxonomy of early shadow depictions.

This article argues that, to distinguish between “critical” and “uncritical” solidarity, the normative concept of solidarity must be grounded on the principle of respect for persons. I start analyzing the principle of respect for persons from a modified Kantian perspective, arguing that it must be interpreted as a normative relation of power in which each person must recognize the autonomy of the other as a source of power. In this perspective, the principle of respect offers a foundation for an ethical (...) assessment of situations in which ethical solidarity is required. By drawing on the distinction between passive and active respect, I argue that solidarity is grounded on the duty of active respect in the face of danger or oppression and that this foundation allows us to distinguish between critical (i.e. appropriate) and uncritical (i.e. inappropriate) solidarity. (shrink)

Las propuestas de acceso abierto a las publicaciones científicas en Internet presentan innegables ventajas para las labores de comunicación, publicación, difusión y contrastación de los resultados científicos. Sin embargo, ni estas ventajas prácticas, ni las razones económicas y morales que habitualmente se esgrimen para justificar la propuesta del acceso abierto, parecen ser suficientes para afianzar y extender este sistema a toda la comunidad científica. Dichas razones pueden complementarse, desde la filosofía, con una revisión de las posibilidades epistemológicas del acceso abierto (...) y sus propuestas sobre los sistemas abiertos de revisión de los artículos científicos. Este estudio servirá para comprender las posibilidades que el movimiento del acceso abierto puede explorar y explotar para unificar sus propuestas y sus metodologías de forma que pueda constituirse en una alternativa epistemológicamente más valiosa que el actual sistema de publicación comercial de acceso restringido. (shrink)

This paper tackles with the issue of the place of comprehensive beliefs within the public space. It tries to strike a middle path between the liberal ban on comprehensive beliefs and the anti-liberal claim that comprehensive beliefs should be given full pride of place in public deliberations. The article relies on arguments that are inspired by the pragmatist tradition. It starts locating the main cause of failures at articulating comprehensive beliefs and public reason in a central feature of liberal epistemology, (...) namely the way it conceives public reason via a preliminary distinction between public and non public beliefs. After criticizing this distinction, the article introduces a distinction between the normative practice of justification and the normative practice of adjudication as a more perspicuous way to establish the place that comprehensive beliefs should play within political forums. It then concludes showing that this approach provides a satisfying answer to the issue of the public role of comprehensive beliefs in a liberal democratic regime that is respectful of citizens’ thick identities while at the same time complying with the requirements of respect set by the liberal tradition. Keywords: public reason and religion - pragmatism - liberalism - communitarianism - normative practices. (shrink)

We prove that Brouwer-Zadeh logic has the finite model property and therefore is decidable. Moreover, we present a bimodal system (BKB) which turns out to be characterized by the class of all Brouwer-Zadeh frames. Finally, we show that BrouwerZadeh logic can be translated into BKB.

El presente artículo constituye un primer acercamiento a las reformas constitucionales implantadas durante el periodo de hegemonía política de Clístenes de Atenas. Pese a que incluye una breve reseña de dichas reformas, está dedicado a abordar algunas cuestiones preliminares relacionadas tanto con la vida, la actividad y la figura política de Clístenes cuanto, sobre todo, con el cuándo, cómo y por qué promovió las reformas que dieron lugar a un decisivo cambio constitucional. Sostiene que dichas reformas fueron aprobadas siendo arconte (...) Iságoras y antes de su expulsión de Atenas, que Clístenes introdujo dichas reformas actuando como un ciudadano privado, mediante procedimientos democráticos, orientado por un plan previamente pensado y, finalmente, movido por la pretensión de establecer un régimen político que sin ser plenamente democrático se acercara a él de forma evidente. (shrink)

This article tries to point out a source of potential conflict in Charles Taylor’s theoretical perspective. There is an unsolved tension between the historical reconstruction of the genealogy of the modern identity and the theoretical claim that our moral reactions are the basis of an objective assessment of practices. My intention is to analyse this tension at three different levels of discourse: first, Taylor’s position as a liberal non-atomist thinker hinges upon his idea that our moral identity depends on our (...) free determination of our relation to good, which can be pursued only within the experience of a community. Second, this Hegelian trait of his perspective is also present in his meta-ethical theory, in which our moral reactions are said to be both instinctive and culturally mediate. In this case, it is not clear how an individual or a group can transcend this limited perspective, if any appeal to reason is inextricably tied to historical delimitations. Third, the principle that any culture in itself is to be considered equally valuable appears to be disputable in front of the objection that some cultures do violate what seem to be fundamental rights and therefore do not deserve equal consideration and are not to be preserved. (shrink)

Osservazioni sulle fonti luterane della controversia De notitia Dei naturali insita in infantibusStarting from a passage of Adam Steuart’s refutation of Descartes’ Notae in programma quoddam, this essay reconstructs the debate on the innate idea of God in infants that took place in Lutheran-oriented philosophy and theology between the end of the 16th and the middle of the 18th century. It is shown that one of the most common questions in modern philosophy is closely connected with theological thinking - in (...) this case Lutheran - from the formulation of the dogmatic systems up until their criticism by the Enlightenment. Also explained is the way in which the reception of Cartesianism was singularly influenced by the various backgrounds and the different and continuously changing polemical goals that inspired each author. In fact, Descartes was even accused of being a Lutheran. (shrink)

The book compares Kant's and Hamilton's political thought. It highlights their complementarity in the development of federalism as a political theory. Contributions focus on issues such as sovereignty, the relationship between democracy and peace and viceversa, the democratic peace and the federalist peace, and the federal institutional model.

This biography of Macchiavelli is widely regarded as Ridolfi’s masterpiece and is based on much material drawn from private and public archives. It presents a fresh interpretation of Macchiavelli’s career and writings and here, for example the dating of the composition of such famous works as the Prince and the Mandragola is established for the first time. This English translation, when originally published in 1963 included numerous correction and additions which brought it up to date with the most recent studies (...) on Macchiavelli and his works. (shrink)