The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle, which takes place in prokaryotic cells and in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is central to life on Earth and participates in key events such as energy production and anabolic processes. Despite its relevance, it is not perceived as tightly regulated compared to other key metabolisms such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. A better understanding of the functioning of the TCA cycle is crucial due to mitochondrial function impairment in several diseases, especially those that occur with (...) neurodegeneration. This article revisits what is known about the regulation of the Krebs cycle and hypothesizes the need for large‐scale, rapid regulation of TCA cycle enzyme activity. Evidence of mitochondrial enzyme activity regulation by activation/deactivation of protein kinases and phosphatases exists in the literature. Apart from indirect regulation via G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the cell surface, signaling upon activation of GPCRs in mitochondrial membranes may lead to a direct regulation of the enzymes of the Krebs cycle. Hormonal‐like regulation by posttranscriptional events mediated by activable kinases and phosphatases deserve proper assessment using isolated mitochondria. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/aBpDSWiMQyI. (shrink)

Se presenta en este texto una propuesta didáctica realizada en la asignatura Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en Educación Primaria, de 3º de Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Córdoba (España). Uno de los objetivos de dicha intervención, como de la propia disciplina de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, incide en el trabajo de las nociones temporales en la formación del futuro profesorado de Educación Primaria que, en este caso, se han abordado desde la comparación entre el pasado (...) y el presente a través de la prensa. Para el análisis de dichos materiales, tanto históricos como actuales, se ha potenciado una perspectiva de género, promoviendo que el alumnado se pregunte por las relaciones de género en una temática concreta, como es el mundo laboral. (shrink)

Studies demonstrating the benefits of ethical behavior at an individual level are scarce. The business ethics literature centers its analysis on unethical behaviors and their consequences, rather than ethical behaviors and their benefits. There is now considerable debate on the role of auditors in society and the function of accounting firms in the free market capitalist system. Specifically, the eminently ethical nature of the auditor’s work has been highlighted. Therefore, the aim of our paper is to show the impact of (...) auditors’ sustained ethical behavior: the trust it generates. This trust results in considerable benefits for the firm due to a reduction in the costs of the partner’s supervision of the auditor. The methodology chosen to validate these claims is a survey of partner of the audit firm in auditing companies. The results of this research confirm the hypotheses raised in the theoretical model. (shrink)

Referees are essential participants in the sport of football. They are responsible for enforcing the rules and achieving the necessary impartiality for the matches. Referees are often target of hostile reactions from fans, players, and coaches. However, few studies have focused on these experiences and the strategies they use to manage them. In order to fill this gap, a qualitative interview-based study was developed to explore the experiences of a group of football referees on aggression, violence, and coping. A thematic (...) analysis was developed combining inductive and deductive processes. Results indicated that the most frequent aggressions experienced were verbal abuse. Most of the aggressions from spectators were of a sexist nature. When aggressions were considered normal by referees, symbolic violence emerged. Racist aggressions were directed to the two Moroccan participants. Problem and emotional-focused coping strategies were identified. The two most common referee responses to coaches’ and players’ verbal abuse were penalties and send-off calls. Smiling and not considering insults as a personal matter were two emotional-focused coping strategies used toward spectator aggressions. Implications for the referees’ job and well-being as well as the quality of football competitions were highlighted to reduce aggressions and violence and to help referees to cope with hostile behaviors. (shrink)

La questione sulla verità del cristianesimo è fondamentale e ineludibile. In essa si trova uno dei filoni fondamentali del pensiero di Joseph Ratzinger – Benedetto XVI. In fondo si trovano coinvolti una serie di argomenti che si possono riassumere nel rapporto tra fede e ragione, tra il Dio della fede e il Dio dei filosofi. Nella visione cristiana ambedue non si contrappongono, ma s’incontrano. La “distinzione mosaica” s’incontra con la “distinzione socratica” . La pretesa di verità del cristianesimo conduce a (...) delle conseguenze sia nell’ambito della religione, sia in quello della filosofia e della morale. Per superare la crisi del cristianesimo abbiamo bisogno di recuperare la fiducia nela ragione e tornare alla ricerca della verità. (shrink)

Résumé Jacques Serrano conçoit un système d’échange économique structurellement de même nature que sa production artistique non-matérialisée, qui permet de repenser la fonction et le statut de collectionneur. Cette réflexion s’accompagne d’un exemple de mise en application. Marc Halévy éclaire les enjeux économiques de cette proposition, et Ghislain Mollet-Viéville en analyse l’originalité en termes de collection.

This paper looks broadly at the theme of corporate governance in Mexico. It begins with a brief analysis of the historical corporate governance model in Mexico, including the governance structures, the banking and financial systems, ownership and control patterns, industrial policy, and industrial relations. The paper then examines how and why these various aspects of corporate governance have been changing with processes of economic liberalization currently under way. Finally, it analyzes the consequences of changes in the model of corporate governance (...) for the country's development (e.g. increased consumer goods for middle class consumers, increased disclosure by domestic corporations, less support for corporate social programs, etc.). (shrink)

Some arguments are presented in this paper where it can be stated that the truth that philosophy seeks is not the truth that matches with the verification interests of knowledge instrumentalization or pragmatism (Rorty) present in contemporary philosophy (Rorty). Aside from the unavoidable reality of human necessities and from the instruments that allow science and technology, as well as its own meaning (thanks to knowledge), which are necessary for human life, it is still a priority to explain a personal, “existential (...) truth” that requires a belief system conversion. This belief system conversion would be the philosophy’s starting point and not a “question about the oblivion of the being” (Heidegger), nor an ethic (Lévinas). (shrink)

The doctrine of abstraction is fundamental to the Aristotelian-Thomistic theory of knowledge. The article seeks to present the foundation for this doctrine, from both the epistemological and the ontological points of view, examining the conditions in which abstraction is legitimate, according to its various modes, giving rise to different types of knowledge and grounding the division of the speculative sciences. The analysis is based above all upon the profound analysis of the Angelic Doctor in his commentary on the De Trinitate (...) of Boethius, but also comparing this with other parallel texts in his Opera Omnia. (shrink)

This article tries to confront certain difficulties and reefs that there presents the analysis of the contemporary Law. Is it possible still to formulate new conceptions of Law? How does it affect in the juridical world the current tension between corruption and regeneration? Is it possible to maintain a relation between the theory and the practice of Law? Given the confluence of the problematics, it might say synthetically that the theoretical aspects of Legislation and Jurisprudence have to agree with the (...) practical aspects. But how do we reach the general just thing for legislation and the particular just thing for court decision in the Constitutional Contemporary State? In the face of the extent and complexity of these problems the author of this article centres on approach basically what names the judicial equitable act. (shrink)

CRÍTICAS DE HONNETH ÀS TEORIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS DA JUSTIÇA DISTRIBUTIVA: A JUSTIÇA A PARTIR DAS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE RECONHECIMENTO RECÍPROCO.

O tema deste artigo é o insucesso da produção teatral do poeta suábio Friedrich Holderlin na confecção de “A morte de Empédocles”_. _O objetivo é apontar a crescente ausência de indicações cênicas e elementos de representação entre as três versões inacabadas da obra. Para tal comentaremos diversos instantes do objeto analisado nos quais transparecem ora caracteres filosóficos, ora caracteres poéticos e também teatrais, com indicações do abandono da teatralidade e do ambiente cênico em favorecimento da poesia e de uma visão (...) mítica da personagem principal. Nosso fundamento teórico será composto por alguns autores que consideram o desenvolvimento histórico da obra de Holderlin enquanto poeta do século XVIII. Os resultados alcançados indicam que a constante revisão da peça teatral deveu-se às mudanças de concepção sobre o sentido da tragédia como conceito, não tendo o autor conseguido transpor para o texto cênico a quintessência de sua ideia criadora. A conclusão a que chegamos indica que Holderlin não atende ao escopo da tragédia como expressão teatral no sentido aristotélico porque seu personagem principal supera a dicotomia que está na base de toda obra trágica: o conflito entre o indivíduo livre e seu tempo obscuro, sua cultura decaída, seu destino fatídico. Empédocles vira um mito. (shrink)

El mérito principal de este libro es la audacia de la perspectiva escogida: la disyuntiva, por decirlo sumariamente, “entre Dios y la nada”. Fiel a ella, y elevándola a condición de eje hermenéutico, Vicente Serrano reconstruye los hitos fundamentales del proceso, atendiendo especialmente al propio Jacobi, pero también a los “grandes” del Idealismo Alemán, así como a Nietzsche, a Heidegger, a Michel Foucault, a las diversas teorizaciones “posmodernas” —o no— de los últimos tiempos. Es posible, en efecto, que haya (...) más teología en la filosofía contemporánea, allí donde su presencia lo es bajo la forma de una abrasadora ausencia, que allí donde se ofrece a rostro abierto… ese es, en cualquier caso, el desafío hermenéutico de este trabajo memorable. Memorable también por su materialismo crítico de fondo. (shrink)

En días pasados tuvimos como huésped de honor en nuestra universidad al filósofo francés René Schérer, uno de los más ilustres representantes del pensamiento contemporáneo en el ámbito internacional. Egresado de la célebre Escuela Normal Superior de París (rue d’Ulm), René Schérer es actualmente profesor emérito de la Universidad París 8 (Vincennes-Saint Denis). Inicialmente se dio a conocer gracias a sus trabajos sobre estética fenomenológica y fenomenología de la comunicación, así como por su traducción, del alemán al francés, de las (...) Investigaciones lógicas de Husserl y por la biografía y ensayo crítico del filósofo alemán que escribió en colaboración con su amigo el filósofo Arion Kelkel. Se consagró, luego, al estudio de problemas filosóficos vinculados con la defensa de la utopía, el sentido de la hospitalidad, la crítica de la pedagogía, el reconocimiento de la diferencia y la inclusión del otro, el cosmopolitismo y la relación entre la universidad y la política. Entre sus libros más importantes de los últimos 20 años, de una obra prolífica, cabe mencionar: El alma atómica (1986) escrito en colaboración con Guy Hocquenghem, Apuesta sobre lo imposible (1989), Zeus hospitalario (1993), Utopías nómadas (1996), Miradas sobre Deleuze (1998), La pedagogía pervertida (1999), La Ecosofía de Charles Fourier (2000), Infantiles (2003), Hospitalidades (2004) y su último libro, sobre el cineasta italiano Pier Paolo Pasolini (2005). (shrink)

The 20th century bears witness to the extent to which the potential scale of destruction is proportional to the dimensions of human knowledge. Simultaneously, an ethical disarray grows prevalent within a civilization obliged to do away with the hopes and ideals of the Enlightenment. Continuous entertainment is replacing models capable of nourishing the leisure of human thought and learning. We are threatened with ‘the loss of the different perspectives of human memory’, which can but ‘facilitate the repetition of past mistakes’.

The author raises the problem of the presence of terror in contemporary life. He analyzes the continuous dynamic between fear, terror and hopes of peace in contemporary societies. Dignity appears as a blueprint of the ubiquitous presence of terror and fear.

We introduce new first-order languages for the elementary n-dimensional geometry and elementary n-dimensional affine geometry , based on extending equation image and equation image, respectively, with new function symbols. Here, β stands for the betweenness relation and ≡ for the congruence relation. We show that the associated theories admit effective quantifier elimination.

En esta ponencia se exponen los diversos caminos de acceso a la Verdad que históricamente se han dado en el Islam: la tradición, la razón y el corazón. Estos dos últimos dan fugar a la filosofía y a fa mís tica. A la vez que se señalan algunas coincidencias entre ellas, también se ponen de relieve las divergencias que las separan.

El amor ha estado presente en las diversas manifestaciones en que se ha expresado el pensamiento del Islam. Avicena escribió una Epístola sobre el amor, que ha sido considerada como un escrito místico. Una lectura atenta de esta obra muestra que su contenido no es místico ni gnóstico, sino que coincide con las doctrinas filosóficas avicenianas expuestas en otras de sus más importantes obras. Se describe aquí el contenido de esa Epístola.

Love has been present in several manifestations in that Islamic thought has been expressed. Avicena wrote a Treatise on Love that has been considered as a mystic writing. An attentive reading of this work shows that its content is not mystic neither gnostic, but it rather agrees with the Avicenna’s philosophical doctrines exposed on other of his most important works. The content of that Treatise is described on this paper.

En esta ponencia se exponen los diversos caminos de acceso a la Verdad que históricamente se han dado en el Islam: la tradición, la razón y el corazón. Estos dos últimos dan fugar a la filosofía y a fa mís tica. A la vez que se señalan algunas coincidencias entre ellas, también se ponen de relieve las divergencias que las separan.

En esta ponencia se exponen los diversos caminos de acceso a la Verdad que históricamente se han dado en el Islam: la tradición, la razón y el corazón. Estos dos últimos dan fugar a la filosofía y a fa mís tica. A la vez que se señalan algunas coincidencias entre ellas, también se ponen de relieve las divergencias que las separan.

Love has been present in several manifestations in that Islamic thought has been expressed. Avicena wrote a Treatise on Love that has been considered as a mystic writing. An attentive reading of this work shows that its content is not mystic neither gnostic, but it rather agrees with the Avicenna’s philosophical doctrines exposed on other of his most important works. The content of that Treatise is described on this paper.

En esta nota sólo se pretende apuntar la influencia que Al-Fârâbî ejerció sobre Maimónides, especialmente en la obra de éste titulada Los ocho capítulos.

At several times, the Koran mentions the death that affects all men. Perhaps that was the reason why the question of suicide and of voluntary death arose very soon in the Islamic world. From the century IX, this problem became object of consideration, caused by the impact of the Ancient Philosophy: it seems that Socrates' figure exercised a certain influence through the versions of his death, accepted voluntarily, which arrived to the Islamic world. Socrates' death favoured the reflection among many (...) Muslim thinkers. KEY WORDS – Islam. Socrates. Voluntary death. Suicide. (shrink)

Una de las principales aportaciones del siglo XII fue lo que M.-D. Chenu llamó l'éveil de la conscience, que implicaba la afirmación de la subjetividad a través del conocimiento de sí mismo. Artífices de este "despertar" fueron Pedro Abelardo y San Bernardo.

La obra de Aristóteles determinó el desarrollo de las más importantes líneas de la filosofía árabe. Su metafísica tuvo una enorme fortuna en el mundo islámico y dio lugar a una hermenéutica de sus principales doctrinas, en especial de la propia concepción de la metafísica como ciencia. Ofrezco aquí una lectura de las principales interpretaciones de la metafísica en el mundo árabe y particularmente de la de Averroes.

En esta ponencia se exponen los diversos caminos de acceso a la Verdad que históricamente se han dado en el Islam: la tradición, la razón y el corazón. Estos dos últimos dan fugar a la filosofía y a fa mís tica. A la vez que se señalan algunas coincidencias entre ellas, también se ponen de relieve las divergencias que las separan.

The author of the Visión deleytable practiced the ironic-esoteric art of writing. This article demonstrates basically two thesis: Alfonso de la Torre was without question a Jewish writer, and his books constitutes a magnificent and insuperable expression of literary and philosophical marranism. Alfonso de la Torre was a Jewish master of the secret and irony. Marranism and secret are likewise both touchstone in Maimonides’ thought, whose influence in Alfonso de la Torre’s work became decisive, mostly regarding the philosophical-political sphere. For (...) these reasons, this article proves that the author of Visión deleytable, not only was a perfect connoisseur of Guide for the Perplexed ; the influence of the Sefardí reaches further. Alfonso de la Torre’s book incorporates other Maimonides’ books like The Art of Logic, Epistle about forced conversio n or Epistle to Yemen. (shrink)

El autor revisa el desarrollo del anticlericalismo durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, y la gradual imposición en el XX del liberalismo laico, y en paralelo el camino del movimiento popular centrado en el cooperativismo y el socorro mutuo. Con este contexto, el artículo analiza el pensamiento de Belén de Sárraga –de la que entrega una selección de textos- y de su presencia en Chile en 1913 y luego en 1915, invitada por el diario radical La Razón.

El presente artículo reivindica para el Chile de hoy las ideas de libertad, igualdad y fraternidad como utopías, capaces de transformar lo inaceptable del momento presente reivindicando sueños despiertos y horizontes de esperanza. Advierte que no todo utopía es liberadora, reclama una revolución copernicana de la política, rescata los sueños igualitarios en el Chile decimonónico y declara que las experiencias humanistas propias del utopismo han tendido a ser subvaloradas. Concluye con una crítica a la idolatría del mercado y consignando que (...) este periodo de la historia de Chile sería analogable a la República Parlamentaria. (shrink)

This essay analyzes how the Benedictine monk Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676–1764), one of the most popular Spanish natural philosophers in Europe and America, discussed amorous attraction. In an attempt to reconcile Catholic dogma with empirical knowledge, Feijoo explained the origin of love as the result of wave-like interactions between sensual stimulus, imagination, nerve fibers, and the heart. His physiological model considered men and women to be equal in their internal constituents, which had important consequences for a possible science of matching. (...) First, a possible match could only be known by a physical encounter; second, love bonds could be controlled by training the imagination; third, a harmonious society with happy marriages required accepting the intellectual equality of the sexes. The essay suggests how our knowledge about the nature of emotions influences the way we imagine an ideal society, as it is ultimately about the forces that attract and separate people, as well as the mechanisms to control them. (shrink)