Resumen: Este artículo trata del método y su relación con la investigación educativa. El objetivo es analizar la relevancia del método en ciencias humanas y sociales, en especial, en educación. Para ello, dividimos este artículo en tres secciones: 1. ¿Hay método? 2. ¿Hay uno o varios métodos? 3. La discusión sobre el método en la investigación educativa. A la primera pregunta, respondemos que hay método. Respondemos a la segunda señalando la necesidad de adoptar un pluralismo metodológico. La tercera sección defiende (...) que las discusiones sobre el método de investigación educativa implican dimensiones ontológicas, epistemológicas y éticas que se han tornado críticas, y se hace una revisión de cada una de ellas. En el apartado conclusivo, sugerimos algunas vías para desanudar esos asuntos críticos en la investigación educativa.: This article deals with method and its relation to educational research. The objective is to analyze the relevance of method in human and social sciences, especially in education. To this end, we divide this article into three sections: 1. Is there a method? 2. Is there one or more methods? 3. The discussion on method in educational research. To the first question, we answer that there is a method. We answer the second question by pointing out the need to adopt methodological pluralism. The third section argues that discussions on the method of educational research involve ontological, epistemological, and ethical dimensions that have become critical, and a review is made of each of them. In the concluding section, we suggest some ways to disentangle these critical issues in educational research. (shrink)

A proposta deste artigo é a de abordar a temática do Ensino Religioso sob a perspectiva do dilema epistemológico, tendo como escopo identificar uma possível contribuição, que pode ser dada à formação docente por meio da Área de Conhecimento referente às Ciências da Religião. Nesse sentido, procurou-se traçar um caminho que começa pela apresentação do dilema epistemológico do Ensino Religioso, sob a ótica da relação histórica, no Brasil, entre Estado e Religião, destacando as categorias de público e privado. Feito isso, (...) passa-se então a uma abordagem de modelos teóricos da disciplina, enquanto categorias de análise, que servem de referência de estudo e compreensão da temática. Nesse ponto, destacam-se os modelos Catequético, Teológico e das Ciências da Religião. Ao final desse percurso, procurou-se então estabelecer a relação entre Modelo das Ciências da Religião, pluralismo religioso e pequenas aproximações à questão da formação docente; tendo como referência dados que dizem respeito, sobretudo, à presença do Ensino Religioso em Minas Gerais. Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Dilema epistemológico. Ciências da Religião. Formação docente.This article addresses the issue of Religious Education from the perspective of epistemological dilemma and seeks to identify contributions to the teaching training through the formation of Religious Sciences. The text traces a path that presents the religious dilemma of Religious Teaching from the perspective of the historical relationship, in Brazil, between State and Religion, highlighting the categories of public and private. The text also discusses the theoretical models of the discipline `Religious Education`, as analytical categories that serve as a reference point of study and reference of such discipline. In sum, the present study highlights the Catechetical and the Theological models of `Sciences of Religion`, religious pluralism, and teacher formation, taking as reference the data concerning the presence of `Religious Education in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Keywords : Religious Education. Epistemological dilemma. Religion Sciences. Teacher training. (shrink)

Tendo em vista o amplo debate que divide a opinião de pesquisadores hoje no Brasil em torno da complexa questão do “ensino religioso” na escola pública, este artigo busca situar o tema na perspectiva das ciências da religião. Busca-se apontar a possibilidade de um aporte singular desse novo campo disciplinar no “ensino do religioso”. Sem cair num proselitismo problemático, busca-se mostrar a pertinência e plausibilidade de uma reflexão que favoreça a aproximação e o conhecimento por parte dos alunos das distintas (...) manifestações do fenômeno religioso, bem como das plurais opções espirituais em curso no cenário mundial. Trata-se de uma aproximação que vem enriquecida com a dinâmica transversal e multidisciplinar das ciências da religião, movida também por uma distinta sensibilidade ao mundo do outro e da perspectiva dialogal, de forma a superar a dinâmica das afirmações identitárias e a buscar com sinceridade e abertura, o respeito e o aprendizado diante do patrimônio religioso do outro. Palavras-chave : Educação. Ensino Religioso. Ciências da Religião. Pluralismo.Taking into account the wider debate that involves opposing views of researchers in Brazil on the complex issue of religious education at public schools, this essay situates this thematic from the standpoint of sciences of religion. This article reflects on the possibility of a singular approach to this new problematic concerning the “religious education” in public schools. It is necessary to show the possibility of a reflection that helps students to learn about different manifestations of religious phenomenon, as well as the plurality of religious spiritual experiences nowadays available, without falling in a questionable proselytise. This experience can be enriched by transversal and multidisciplinary approaches in sciences of religion. This means to take a dialogic perspective with a special sensibility to the others’ worldview in such a way that allows us to overcome the tendency to affirm one’s own identity rather than the identity of the other. In this way, we are sincerely open to respect the religious experience of the other. Keywords : Education. Religious Education. Sciences of Religion. Pluralism. (shrink)

This paper is a survey of recent work on liberal-democratic civic education. The main goal is trying to offer an approach to the dilemmas of public schooling in pluralistic societies. Accordingly, these are some points to discuss: How can a liberal-democracy build a common civic identity among group based diversity? Which values could be shared by democratic citizens who are members of different religious, ethnical or linguistic communities? To sum up, this article wants to show the dificulties of public (...) shools in order to educate children in shared civic virtues. Specially, in a social context in which families and churches socializate them in their particular moral values and religious beliefs. (shrink)

*Doutor pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Professor da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. ** Docteur à la Université de Paris 8. Professeur de philosophie de l'éducation, Université de Rouen. Apoio: CAPES-COFECUB. A noção de diferença ganhou o mundo, no final do século vinte, e chegou ao campo teórico da educação e às escolas. Educar a diferença; educar na diferença; educar para a diferença passaram a ser palavras de ordem em planos de educação de órgãos governamentais, em projetos políticos pedagógicos de escolas, (...) em projetos de organizações não governamentais. Projetos multiculturais proliferam, culturas de paz, tolerância e convivência consensual são afirmadas nos mais diversos âmbitos. No caso específico do Brasil, a diferença passou a ser palavra-chave das políticas públicas, seja para embasar a pluralidade, seja para embasar a educação inclusiva. Mas uma pergunta se impõe: compreendemos, de fato, a diferença? Vivemos a diferença, ou ela está apenas em nossos discursos? Enfim: como nos relacionamos com as diferenças? A problemática tem ganhado diferentes contornos nos dois países nos últimos anos. No Brasil, as últimas duas décadas foram momento de desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de cunho afirmativo, centrados na perspectiva de uma educação inclusiva. Partia-se do princípio de que uma educação democrática deve estar aberta para todos, sem exceção, de modo que a escola deve ser o lugar da manifestação das diferenças, mas tratadas todas de modo igualitário. Diferenças sociais, de gênero, de cor, de cultura, de níveis e condições de aprendizagem devem conviver, num ato solidário de construção de uma cultura democrática comum. Mais recentemente, a emergência de uma onda neoconservadora tem colocado em questão alguns destes princípios e práticas, em reação contrária àquilo que vinha sendo produzido. Um exemplo são os esforços em diversas regiões do País para impedir que questões relativas ao gênero sejam trabalhadas nas escolas; e mesmo os debates colocados em pauta pelo movimento que se autodenomina “Escola sem partido”, que defende a prática de uma suposta “neutralidade” que, sabemos, é impossível no ato educativo. No contexto francês, a problemática assume outros contornos, mas também se reveste de especial importância. País com larga tradição republicana, que se traduz também no campo da educação, vive-se ali de forma intensa a problemática do convívio com imigrantes de diferentes culturas. Lembremos, por exemplo, da proibição do uso de véu islâmico pelas meninas nas escolas públicas, alguns anos atrás, sob a alegação de que a escola é laica e não pode admitir a ostentação de símbolos religiosos. É uma questão de desrespeito ao outro? De desrespeito à liberdade de crença? De desrespeito a uma cultura? Ou afirmação de uma pluralidade em que condições singulares não podem prevalecer sobre o global? Questões certamente polêmicas. E hoje, com a intensificação do movimento de refugiados pela Europa, a questão se vê acirrada. Forças nacionalistas defendem que se limite o acesso ao estrangeiro, ou que este se submeta aos princípios da cultura francesa; mas, anos atrás, filósofos como René Schérer e Jacques Derrida defendiam o princípio da hospitalidade, do acolhimento do outro como sendo um dos mais fundamentais de uma política republicana. Enfim, com histórias diferentes e com contextos muito diferenciados entre si, os dois países se veem confrontados com o dilema de como lidar com as diferenças, de como tratá-las no contexto escolar. O propósito deste dossiê é o de oferecer distintas abordagens conceituais do tema, evidenciando as contribuições que a Filosofia da Educação pode oferecer para pensar os problemas contemporâneos. Ele é fruto das ações de um projeto de cooperação internacional entre universidades brasileiras e universidades francesas financiado pelo acordo CAPES-COFECUB. O projeto se intitula Diferença, Pluralismo e Confiança em Educação e Formação, com vigência entre janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2018, e tem como objetivo central pensar conceitualmente estes temas, como forma de oferecer subsídios teóricos para o campo educativo, na interface Brasil-França. Data de registro: 17/05/2017 Data de aceite: 04/12/2016. (shrink)

El presente artículo de revisión analiza las convergencias y diferencias entre el pensamiento complejo y laecología de saberes con el propósito de explorar posibilidades de complementación y sinergias en el marco de una epistemología crítica. Para tal efecto se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica apoyada por los métodos deductivo y hermenéutico. Para la caracterización del pensamiento complejo se ha revisado la obra de Edgar Morin y otros autores como Boaventura de Sousa Santos. De la revisión se concluye que tanto el (...) pensamiento complejo como la ecología de saberes tienen similitudes pues comparten en mayor o menor medida los principios de sistemas organizados, dialogicidad, recursividad y retroactividad. Además, son explícitos en superar la distinción sujeto-objeto para pasar a una relación sujeto-sujeto. Ambas propuestas constituyen alternativas al pensamiento científico hegemónico y ponen el valor el pluralismo cognitivo y la justicia cognitiva. La principal diferencia es que la ecología de saberes tiene una apuesta más explícita por los conocimientos de los movimientos sociales en sus luchas de resistencia frente a las diversas formas del colonialismo vigente, que tienen correlato con un sistema económico que privilegia el mercado a la vida. En tal sentido es posible reconocer en la ecología de saberes un carácter más político. Ambas propuestas, aunque con diferencia de grados, se erigen como alternativas transformadoras de la realidad social. (shrink)

El artículo analiza, el papel que juega la epistemología en la formación profesional y disciplinaria de las ciencias sociales en el nuevo contexto de educación superior, en donde, aparece con fuerza la idea de una formación basada en competencias, a través de la cual se exige una articulación de los..

La educación cristiana se encuentra en un mundo posmoderno, que presenta oportunidades y desafíos. En este nuevo entorno, educadores cristianos tienen que pensar profundamente sobre sus creencias y convicciones. En este ensayo se examinan los fundamentos desmoronantes del modernismo: la autonomía hu..

Part of the educational system in England has been geared towards the preparation of particular professions, while the identity and status of members of some professions have depended significantly on the general education they have received. Originally published in 1973, this volume explores the interaction between education and the professions. It also looks at the education of the main professions in sixteenth century England and at how twentieth century university teaching is a key profession for the training (...) of new recruits to other professions. (shrink)

There is a common tradition in European education going back to the Middle Ages which long played a part in providing the curriculum of schools which catered both for the wealthy and for able sons of less well-to-do families. Originally published in 1974, this volume examines the relationship between education and society in the different countries of Europe from which differences in tradition and practice emerge. The countries discussed include: France, Germany, the former Soviet Union, Poland and Sweden.

One of the important determinants of development during the transition to adulthood is the undertaking of social roles characteristic of adults, also in the area of finishing formal education, which usually coincides with beginning fulltime employment. In the study discussed in this paper, it has been hypothesized that continuing full-time education above the age of 26, a phenomenon rarely observed in Poland, can be considered as an unpunctual event that may be connected with difficulties in the process of (...) identity formation. Relationships between identity dimensions and identity statuses, and age and educational context were analyzed. 693 individuals aged 19-35 took part in the study. The participants attended three types of educational institutions: full-time university studies, part-time university studies, and full-time post-secondary school. Among the students of full-time university studies predictable dependencies, also in respect of highlevels of indicators of identity crisis and a high frequency of diffused identity occurrence, were observed. Such dependencies were not found in the group of full-time post-secondary school students. (shrink)

Originally published in 1971, this volume examines the relationship between the history and sociology of education. History does not stand in isolation, but has much to draw from and contribute to, other disciplines. The methods and concepts of sociology, in particular, are exerting increasing influence on historical studies, especially the history of education. Since education is considered to be part of the social system, historians and sociologists have come to survey similar fields; yet each discipline appears to (...) have its own aims and methodology. (shrink)

Higher education has been changing radically in recent years, with increasing numbers of students, and complaints about declining standards. This volume brings together leading intellectuals from the US and UK to examine the issues involved.

Originally published in 1972, this book is concerned with education as part of a larger social history. Chapters include: The roots of Anglican supremacy in English education The Board schools of London The use of ecclesiastical records for the history of education Topographical resources: private and secondary education from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.

Tourism education plays a key role in shaping students’ engagement with sustainability by providing them with the knowledge and skills to address environmental challenges and encouraging them to promote sustainable practices in the industry. This study explores how four years of tourism education at Prince of Songkla University in Phuket, Thailand, influence students’ knowledge, attitudes, and intentions toward sustainability. Despite gaining theoretical knowledge of sustainability principles, the findings reveal a decline in students’ willingness to adopt environmental sustainability practices (...) as their years of education increase. This may reflect a disconnect between classroom lessons and practical application, potentially due to limited practical learning experiences and the prevalent “eco-deficit culture” within the tourism industry, which often prioritizes profit over environmental responsibility. As a result, students may filter out information regarding environmental sustainability despite their sustainability education at the university. To support long-term engagement in sustainability, the paper recommends revising curricula to include more experiential learning opportunities, interdisciplinary collaboration, and stronger partnerships with industry stakeholders. (shrink)

The aim of the article is the analysis of the principle of fair play which co-creates an axiological basis of contemporary sport as well as its basic moral category. The constituents of fair play are, first of all, responsibility and justice. Both values are central values, connected with each other, and also closely connected with other values inscribed in fair play, e.g. respect, solidarity, care or honesty. The conducted analysis shows that the rules of fair play connected with formal responsibility (...) and justice, i.e. following the rules and caring for the integrity of sport, are constituent for both sport and esports, whereas the rules of fair play connected with acting responsibly, i.e. respect and avoiding victory at all costs, are hard to realise in esports. It results from the fact that contact between the players is digitally mediated. Hence, apart from gestures and verbal communication, display of respect towards a player during a game is impeded, as is still more a spontaneous reaction to his or her being hurt. Also, avoiding winning at all costs is impeded in esports, as activities directed at obtaining victory are built into the content of the game and therefore should be carried out in accordance with the regulations, from the technical and tactical side and according to the possessed skills. However, it is possible to stop the game when the connection with the other player is suddenly interrupted. From a fair-play perspective also the content of some games employed in esports is questionable, as it assumes contesting moral rules, which in turn is at variance with the realisation of integrative, educational and formative functions of esports in society. (shrink)

This paper is an experiment in collective writing conducted in Autumn 2019 at the Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University. The experiment involves 12 international masters' students readi...

In this article, we address the limitations of sustainable development as an orienting educational horizon of hope and change, given that mainstream development presumes the possibility of perpetual growth and consumption on a finite planet. Facing these limitations requires us to consider the inherently violent and unsustainable nature of our modern-colonial modes of existence. Thus, we propose a shift from “education for sustainable development” to “education for the end of the world as we know it.” We contend that (...) the predicament we face is not primarily rooted in ignorance and thus solvable with more knowledge, nor primarily rooted in immorality and thus solvable with more normative values; rather, it is rooted in denials that stem from harmful desires for and investments in the continuity of the securities and satisfactions promised by modernity-coloniality. Faced with these denials, we emphasize a collective need to “grow up” so that we might “show up” differently to do the work that is needed as we face unprecedented global challenges. (shrink)

Here is a puzzle about aesthetic education. In a variety of contexts, we commit significant time, energy, and resources to aesthetic education. We teach (and in many cases publicly subsidize) university courses and degrees that have aesthetic education as their primary aim; we also invest public resources into museums, including enrichment programs that are also designed to afford aesthetic education. It would seem that if our commitment to aesthetic education is rational, then aesthetic appreciation is (...) something that can be done better or worse. However, we also, in a variety of contexts (oddly enough, some of them being the same sorts of contexts that are designed to abet aesthetic education), act as if it is true that there is no disputing taste. We may try to persuade students to come around to particular judgments, but we do not penalize students for judging one way or another. The aim of this paper is to dissolve the apparent puzzle of aesthetic education by clarifying its aims and advancing a conception of it that deemphasizes the role of taste. I claim that, pace “the default view of aesthetic education” (as I shall call it), the primary purpose of aesthetic education is not to educate taste. It is, rather, to facilitate the development of certain perceptual-cognitive capacities so as to enhance aesthetic experience and improve aesthetic appreciation. Thus, I call the view of aesthetic education advanced here “a perceptual-cognitive model”. (shrink)