Results for 'Peter Wörster'

962 found
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  1. The procedural epistemic value of deliberation.Fabienne Peter - 2013 - Synthese 190 (7):1253-1266.
    Collective deliberation is fuelled by disagreements and its epistemic value depends, inter alia, on how the participants respond to each other in disagreements. I use this accountability thesis to argue that deliberation may be valued not just instrumentally but also for its procedural features. The instrumental epistemic value of deliberation depends on whether it leads to more or less accurate beliefs among the participants. The procedural epistemic value of deliberation hinges on the relationships of mutual accountability that characterize appropriately conducted (...)
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  2.  48
    The Axioms of Subjective Probability.Peter C. Fishburn - 1986 - Statistical Science 1 (3):335-358.
  3. Concepts of Science.Peter Achinstein - 1974 - Philosophy 49 (187):106-108.
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  4. Newman's objection.Peter M. Ainsworth - 2009 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60 (1):135-171.
    This paper is a review of work on Newman's objection to epistemic structural realism (ESR). In Section 2, a brief statement of ESR is provided. In Section 3, Newman's objection and its recent variants are outlined. In Section 4, two responses that argue that the objection can be evaded by abandoning the Ramsey-sentence approach to ESR are considered. In Section 5, three responses that have been put forward specifically to rescue the Ramsey-sentence approach to ESR from the modern versions of (...)
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  5.  8
    Instrumentalisierung und Würde.Peter Schaber - 2010 - Paderborn: Mentis.
    Für viele stellt das Instrumentalisierungsverbot, wonach man andere Menschen nie blo als Mittel behandeln darf, eine fundamentale moralische Wahrheit dar. Dieses Buch ist der Versuch, diese Ansicht näher zu fassen und zu begründen. Das Instrumentalisierungsverbot spielt nicht nur in unserer Alltagsmoral, sondern auch in moraltheoretischen Diskussionen eine wichtige Rolle. Verschiedenste Praktiken werden mit der Begründung als unzulässig kritisiert, dass mit ihnen Menschen instrumentalisiert würden. Doch was heit es, die anderen blo als Mittel zu behandeln? Es besteht, so wird in diesem (...)
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  6.  12
    Progress Unchained: Ideas of Evolution, Human History and the Future.Peter J. Bowler - 2021 - Cambridge University Press.
    Progress Unchained reinterprets the history of the idea of progress using parallels between evolutionary biology and changing views of human history. Early concepts of progress in both areas saw it as the ascent of a linear scale of development toward a final goal. The 'chain of being' defined a hierarchy of living things with humans at the head, while social thinkers interpreted history as a development toward a final paradise or utopia. Darwinism reconfigured biological progress as a 'tree of life' (...)
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  7. Expanding Mediation Theory.Peter-Paul Verbeek - 2012 - Foundations of Science 17 (4):391-395.
    In his article In Between Us, Yoni van den Eede expands existing theories of mediation into the realm of the social and the political, focusing on the notions of opacity and transparency. His approach is rich and promising, but two pitfalls should be avoided. First, his concept of ‘in-between’ runs the risk to conceptualize mediation as a process ‘between’ pre-given entities. On the basis of current work in postphenomenology and actor-network theory, though, mediation should rather be seen as the origin (...)
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  8.  72
    (1 other version)Mental causation in the physical world.Peter Menzies - 2013 - In Sophie Gibb, E. J. Lowe & Rögnvaldur Ingthorsson (eds.), Mental Causation and Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 58.
  9. Externalism and Self-Knowledge.Peter Ludlow & Norah Martin - 2002 - Filosoficky Casopis 50:528-530.
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  10. REVIEWS-Out of This World: Deleuze and the Philosophy of Creation.Peter Hallward & Paul Grimstad - 2007 - Radical Philosophy 142:46.
     
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  11.  39
    Reply to critics.Peter Vanderschraaf - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (5):1741-1756.
    I reply to commentaries by Justin Bruner, Robert Sugden and Gerald Gaus. My response to Bruner focuses on conventions of bargaining problems and arguments for characterizing the just conventions of these problems as monotone path solutions. My response to Sugden focuses on how the laws of humanity present in Hume’s discussion of vulnerable individuals might be incorporated into my own proposed account of justice as mutual advantage. My response to Gaus focuses on whether or not my account of justice as (...)
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  12.  41
    The concept of evidence.Peter Achinstein (ed.) - 1983 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This anthology presents work on major topics surrounding the concept of evidence as employed in the empirical sciences. Focusing on the "classificatory" concept of evidence rather than the quantitative "degree of confirmation," the selections include Carl G. Hempel's satisfaction definition, R.B. Braithwaite's hypothetic-deductive view, N.R. Hanson's account of retroduction, Nelson Goodman's entrenchment theory, probability definitions discussed by Rudolf Carnap and Wesley Salmon, Clark Glymour's bootstrap theory, and a view of Achinstein's that combines probability and explanation.
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  13. Authenticities: Philosophical Reflections on Musical Performance.Peter Kivy - 1997 - Philosophical Quarterly 47 (187):238-241.
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  14.  67
    Al-Kindi.Peter Adamson - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Al-Kindi was the first philosopher of the Islamic world. He lived in Iraq and studied in Baghdad, where he became attached to the caliphal court. In due course he would become an important figure at court: a tutor to the caliph's son, and a central figure in the translation movement of the ninth century, which rendered much of Greek philosophy, science, and medicine into Arabic. Al-Kindi's wide-ranging intellectual interests included not only philosophy but also music, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. Through (...)
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  15. Animal minds are real, (distinctively) human minds are not.Peter Carruthers - 2013 - American Philosophical Quarterly 50 (3):233-248.
    Everyone allows that human and animal minds are distinctively (indeed, massively) different in their manifest effects. Humans have been able to colonize nearly every corner of the planet, from the artic, to deserts, to rainforests (and they did so in the absence of modern technological aids); they live together in large cooperative groups of unrelated individuals; they communicate with one another using the open-ended expressive resources of natural language; they are capable of cultural learning that accumulates over generations to result (...)
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  16. Is explanation a guide to inference? A reply to Wesley salmon.Peter Lipton - 2001 - In Giora Hon (ed.), The Why and How of Explanation: An Analytical Exposition. Springer.
    Earlier in this volume, Wesley Salmon has given a characteristically clear and trenchant critique of the account of non-demonstrative reasoning known by the slogan `Inference to the Best Explanation'. As a long-time fan of the idea that explanatory considerations are a guide to inference, I was delighted by the suggestion that Wes and I might work together on a discussion of the issues. In the event, this project has exceeded my high expectations, for in addition to the intellectual gain that (...)
     
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  17.  47
    The Arabic Plotinus: a philosophical study of the theology of Aristotle.Peter Adamson - 2002 - London: Duckworth.
    The so-called "Theology of Aristotle" is a translation of the Enneads of Plotinus, the most important representative of late ancient Platonism. It was produced in the 9th century CE within the circle of al-Kindī, one of the most important groups for the early reception of Greek thought in Arabic. In part because the "Theology" was erroneously transmitted under Aristotle's authorship, it became the single most important conduit by which Neoplatonism reached the Islamic world. It is referred to by such thinkers (...)
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  18. (1 other version)Can Truthmaker Theorists Claim Ontological Free Lunches?Peter Https://Orcidorg288X Schulte - 2011 - European Journal of Philosophy 22 (2):249-268.
    Truthmaker theorists hold that propositions about higher-level entities (e.g. the proposition that there is a heap of sand) are often made true by lower-level entities (e.g. by facts about the configuration of fundamental particles). This generates a problem: what should we say about these higher-level entities? On the one hand, they must exist (since there are true propositions about them), on the other hand, it seems that they are completely superfluous and should be banished for reasons of ontological parsimony. Some (...)
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  19. Embryo Experimentation.Peter Singer, Helga Kuhse, Stephen Buckle, Karen Dawson & Pascal Kasimba (eds.) - 1992 - Cambridge University Press.
    New developments in reproductive technology have made headlines since the birth of the world's first in vitro fertilization baby in 1978. But is embryo experimentation ethically acceptable? What is the moral status of the early human embryo? And how should a democratic society deal with so controversial an issue, where conflicting views are based on differing religious and philosophical positions? These controversial questions are the subject of this book, which, as a current compendium of ideas and arguments on the subject, (...)
     
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  20. (1 other version)The Dynamics of Belief Systems: Foundations vs. Coherence Theories.Peter GÄrdenfors - 1990 - Revue Internationale de Philosophie 44 (172):24.
     
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  21. Models, analogies, and theories.Peter Achinstein - 1964 - Philosophy of Science 31 (4):328-350.
    Recent accounts of scientific method suggest that a model, or analogy, for an axiomatized theory is another theory, or postulate set, with an identical calculus. The present paper examines five central theses underlying this position. In the light of examples from physical science it seems necessary to distinguish between models and analogies and to recognize the need for important revisions in the position under study, especially in claims involving an emphasis on logical structure and similarity in form between theory and (...)
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  22. The Thought Experimental Method: Avicenna's Flying Man Argument.Peter Adamson & Fedor Benevich - 2018 - Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4 (2):147-164.
    No argument from the Arabic philosophical tradition has received more scholarly attention than Avicenna's ‘flying man’ thought experiment, in which a human is created out of thin air and is able to grasp his existence without grasping that he has a body. This paper offers a new interpretation of the version of this thought experiment found at the end of the first chapter of Avicenna's treatment of soul in theHealing. We argue that it needs to be understood in light of (...)
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  23. De Veritate: Austro-Polish Contributions to the Theory of Truth from Brentano to Tarski.Peter M. Simons & Jan Wolenski - 1988 - In Klemens Szaniawski (ed.), The Vienna Circle and the Lvov-Warsaw School. Dordrecht, Netherland: Dordrecht.
  24.  31
    1 Scotus on Metaphysics.Peter King - 2002 - In Thomas Williams (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 15.
  25.  15
    Freedom to Fail: Heidegger's Anarchy.Peter Trawny - 2015 - Malden, MA: Polity.
    Martin Heidegger is widely regarded as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth-century, and his seminal text Being and Time is considered one of the most significant texts in contemporary philosophy. Yet his name has also been mired in controversy because of his affiliations with the Nazi regime, his failure to criticize its genocidal politics and his subsequent silence about the holocaust. Now, according to Heidegger's wishes, and to complete the publication of his multi-volume Complete Works, his highly (...)
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  26.  30
    The ability to mourn: disillusionment and the social origins of psychoanalysis.Peter Homans - 1989 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Peter Homans offers a new understanding of the origins of psychoanalysis and relates the psychoanalytic project as a whole to the sweep of Western culture, past and present. He argues that Freud's fundamental goal was the interpretation of culture and that, therefore, psychoanalysis is fundamentally a humanistic social science. To establish this claim, Homans looks back at Freud's self-analysis in light of the crucial years from 1906 to 1914 when the psychoanalytic movement was formed and shows how these experiences (...)
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  27. On Harsanyi's utilitarian cardinal welfare theorem.Peter C. Fishburn - 1984 - Theory and Decision 17 (1):21-28.
  28.  14
    The Collective Imagination: The Creative Spirit of Free Societies.Peter Murphy - 2012 - Routledge.
    The Collective Imagination explores the social foundations of the human imagination. A comprehensive audit of the creativity claims of the post-modern age - that finds them badly wanting and looks to the future - this book will appeal to sociologists and philosophers concerned with cultural theory, cultural and media studies and aesthetics.
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  29. (2 other versions)Hegel.Peter Singer - 1983. - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 46 (1):177-177.
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  30.  41
    The new liberal cosmopolitanism.Peter Gowan - 2003 - In Daniele Archibugi & Mathias Koenig-Archibugi (eds.), Debating cosmopolitics. New York: VERSO. pp. 51--66.
  31. Morality, reason, and the rights of animals.Peter Singer - 2006 - In Stephen Macedo & Josiah Ober (eds.), Primates and Philosophers. Princeton University Press.
     
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  32. Kuhn on concepts and categorization.Peter Barker, Xiang Chen & Hanne Andersen - 2002 - In Thomas Nickles (ed.), Thomas Kuhn. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 212--245.
  33. Vague Kinds and Biological Nominalism.Peter Simons - 2013 - Metaphysica 14 (2):275-282.
    Among biological kinds, the most important are species. But species, however defined, have vague boundaries, both synchronically owing to hybridization and ongoing speciation, and diachronically owing to genetic drift and genealogical continuity despite speciation. It is argued that the solution to the problems of species and their vague boundaries is to adopt a thoroughgoing nominalism in regard to all biological taxa, from species to domains. The base entities are individual organisms: populations of these compose species and higher taxa. This accommodates (...)
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  34. Why philosophical theories of evidence are (and ought to be) ignored by scientists.Peter Achinstein - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (3):180-192.
    There are two reasons, I claim, scientists do and should ignore standard philosophical theories of objective evidence: (1) Such theories propose concepts that are far too weak to give scientists what they want from evidence, viz., a good reason to believe a hypothesis; and (2) They provide concepts that make the evidential relationship a priori, whereas typically establishing an evidential claim requires empirical investigation.
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  35. (1 other version)Responsibility and False Beliefs.Peter Vallentyne - 2011 - In Carl Knight & Zofia Stemploska (eds.), Justice and Responsibility. Oxford University Press.
    An individual is agent-responsible for an outcome just in case it flows from her autonomous agency in the right kind of way. The topic of agent-responsibility is important because most people believe that agents should be held morally accountable (e.g., liable to punishment or having an obligation to compensate victims) for outcomes for which they are agent-responsible and because many other people (e.g., brute luck egalitarians) hold that agents should not be held accountable for outcomes for which they are not (...)
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  36. Blake. London.Peter Ackroyd - forthcoming - Minerva.
     
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  37. (1 other version)Inference to the best explanation: Or, who won the Mill-Whewell debate?Peter Achinstein - 1992 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 23 (2):349-364.
  38.  46
    The Politics of Time.Peter Osborne - 1994 - Radical Philosophy 68.
  39. Kants Kritik der teleologischen Urteilskraft.Peter Mclaughlin - 1990 - Journal of the History of Biology 23 (2):338-339.
     
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  40.  45
    Politics, innocence, and the limits of goodness.Peter Johnson - 1988 - New York: Routledge.
    The place of moral innocence in politics is the central theme of Peter Johnson's subtle and original book.
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  41.  60
    The problem of theoretical terms.Peter Achinstein - 1965 - American Philosophical Quarterly 2 (3):235-249.
  42.  79
    Incommensurability and conceptual change during the Copernican revolution.Peter Barker - 2001 - In Paul Hoyningen-Huene & Howard Sankey (eds.), Incommensurability and Related Matters. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 241--273.
  43.  64
    Epistemic Justification and the Limits of Pyrrhonism.Peter D. Klein - 2011 - In Diego E. Machuca (ed.), Pyrrhonism in Ancient, Modern, and Contemporary Philosophy. Springer.
  44. The Expressivist Account of Punishment, Retribution, and the Emotions.Peter Königs - 2013 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 16 (5):1029-1047.
    This paper provides a discussion of the role that emotions may play in the justification of punishment. On the expressivist account of punishment, punishment has the purpose of expressing appropriate emotional reactions to wrongdoing, such as indignation, resentment or guilt. I will argue that this expressivist approach fails as these emotions can be expressed other than through the infliction of punishment. Another argument for hard treatment put forward by expressivists states that punitive sanctions are necessary in order for the law (...)
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  45.  82
    Virtue and austerity.Peter Allmark - 2013 - Nursing Philosophy 14 (1):45-52.
    Virtue ethics is often proposed as a third way in health‐care ethics, that while consequentialism and deontology focus on action guidelines, virtue focuses on character; all three aim to help agents discern morally right action although virtue seems to have least to contribute to political issues, such as austerity. I claim: This is a bad way to characterize virtue ethics. The 20th century renaissance of virtue ethics was first proposed as a response to the difficulty of making sense of ‘moral (...)
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  46. Tractatus.Peter of Spain - 1972
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  47.  40
    The abandonment of latent variables: Philosophical considerations.Peter Zachar - 2010 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33 (2-3):177-178.
    Cramer et al.'s critique of latent variables implicitly advocates a type of scientific anti-realism which can be extended to many dispositional constructs in scientific psychology. However, generalizing Cramer et al.'s network model in this way raises concerns about its applicability to psychopathology. The model could be improved by articulating why a given cluster of symptoms should be considered disordered.
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  48. Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps, Volume 3.Peter Adamson - 2016 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Peter Adamson presents the first full history of philosophy in the Islamic world for a broad readership. He traces its development from early Islam to the 20th century, ranging from Spain to South Asia, featuring Jewish and Christian thinkers as well as Muslim. Major figures like Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides are covered in great detail, but the book also looks at less familiar thinkers, including women philosophers. Attention is also given to the philosophical relevance of Islamic theology and mysticism--the (...)
     
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  49.  8
    Beyond the sentence given.Peter Hagoort & J. V. Berkum - 2008 - In Jon Driver, Patrick Haggard & Tim Shallice (eds.), Mental Processes in the Human Brain. Oxford University Press. pp. 69--84.
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  50.  26
    A triptych on affective science: Response to the commentary.Peter Zachar - 2008 - Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 28 (2):444-453.
    Reply by the current authors to the comments made by Jaak Panksepps , James.A. Russell and Louise Sundararajan on the original article by Peter Zachar . I consider the utility of the concept of natural kind, and explore difficulties in applying it reliably. I examine categorical and dimensional approaches to affect with respect to both scientific realism and nominalist approaches to classification. I agree that eliminativist analogies are beneficial but argue that they cannot fully account for the relationship between (...)
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