Results for 'Persson Johannes'

940 found
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  1.  54
    Levi on the reality of dispositions.Johannes Persson - 2006 - In Erik J. Olsson, Knowledge and Inquiry: Essays on the Pragmatism of Isaac Levi. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 313--326.
    Isaac Levi is more interested in inquiry and how it progresses than he is in metaphysics. Questions concerning the role of disposition predicates in inquiry are more central to him than those concerning the nature and reality of dispositions. It has not stopped him from giving me and others very useful metaphysical advice. Currently, where empirical metaphysics is in vogue, there is every reason to see whether the two forms of philosophical interest might interlock substantially. Levi has stimulating ideas indeed (...)
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  2. Three conceptions of explaining how possibly—and one reductive account.Johannes Persson - 2011 - In Henk W. De Regt, Stephan Hartmann & Samir Okasha, EPSA Philosophy of Science: Amsterdam 2009. Springer. pp. 275--286.
    Philosophers of science have often favoured reductive approaches to how-possibly explanation. This article identifies three alternative conceptions making how-possibly explanation an interesting phenomenon in its own right. The first variety approaches “how possibly X?” by showing that X is not epistemically impossible. This can sometimes be achieved by removing misunderstandings concerning the implications of one’s current belief system but involves characteristically a modification of this belief system so that acceptance of X does not result in contradiction. The second variety offers (...)
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  3.  23
    Ibe and ebi.Johannes Persson - 2007 - In Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski, Rethinking Explanation. Springer. pp. 137--147.
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  4.  14
    Unscrambling nomological machines.Johannes Persson - unknown
    This paper is an attempt to further our understanding of mechanisms conceived of as ontologically separable from laws. What opportunities are there for a mechanistic perspective to be independent of, or even more fundamental than, a law perspective?
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  5.  30
    The Best Swimmers Drown – Mechanisms and Epistemic Risks: A constructive critique of Elster.Johannes Persson - unknown
    According to Jon Elster, mechanisms are frequently occurring and easily recognizable causal patterns that are triggered under generally unknown conditions or with indeterminate consequences. In the absence of laws, moreover, mechanisms provide explanations. In this paper I argue that Elster’s view has difficulties with progressing knowledge. Normally, filling in the causal picture without revising it should not threaten one’s explanation. But this seems to be Elster’s case. The critique is constructive in the sense that it is built up from a (...)
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  6.  98
    Causalite et lois de la nature.Johannes Persson - 2003 - Mind 112 (448):741-746.
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  7.  73
    Toward an alternative dialogue between the social and natural sciences.Johannes Persson, Alf Hornborg, Lennart Olsson & Henrik Thorén - 2018 - Ecology and Society 23 (4).
    Interdisciplinary research within the field of sustainability studies often faces incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The importance of this fact is often underrated and sometimes leads to the wrong strategies. We distinguish between two broad approaches in interdisciplinarity: unificationism and pluralism. Unificationism seeks unification and perceives disciplinary boundaries as conventional, representing no long-term obstacle to progress, whereas pluralism emphasizes more ephemeral and transient interdisciplinary connections and underscores the autonomy of the disciplines with respect to one another. (...)
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  8. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science.Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski - 2007 - Springer.
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  9. Om komplexa egenskaper.Johannes Persson - 2000 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 4.
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  10.  14
    Preface. Rethinking Explanation.Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski - 2007 - In Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Springer.
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  11. Rethinking Explanation. Series: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. 252.Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski (eds.) - 2007 - Dordrecht: Springer Verlag.
     
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  12.  68
    Mechanism-as-activity and the threat of polygenic effects.Johannes Persson - unknown
    Polygenic effects have more than one cause. They testify to the fact that several causal contributors are sometimes simultaneously involved in causation. The importance of polygenic causation was noticed early on by Mill (1893). It has since been shown to be a problem for causal-law approaches to causation and accounts of causation cast in terms of capacities. However, polygenic causation needs to be examined more thoroughly in the emerging literature on causal mechanisms. In this paper I examine whether an influential (...)
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  13.  80
    Tropes as mechanisms.Johannes Persson - 2005 - Foundations of Science 10 (4):371-393.
    This paper is an attempt to further our understanding of mechanisms conceived of as ontologically separable from laws. What opportunities are there for a mechanistic perspective to be independent of, or even more fundamental than, a law perspective? Advocates of the mechanistic view often play with the possibility of internal and external reliability, or with the paralleling possibilities of enforcing, counteracting, redirecting, etc., the mechanisms’ power to produce To further this discussion I adopt a trope ontology. It is independent of (...)
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  14. Rethinking Explanation.Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski (eds.) - 2007 - Springer.
    This book highlights some of the conceptual problems that still need to be solved and points out a number of fresh philosophical ideas to explore.
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  15. Den engelska och den franska hjärnan.Johannes Persson - 1998 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 4.
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  16.  46
    A philosophical account of interventions and causal representation in nursing research: A discussion paper.Johannes Persson & Nils-Eric Sahlin - unknown
    BACKGROUND: Representing is about theories and theory formation. Philosophy of science has a long-standing interest in representing. At least since Ian Hacking's modern classic Representing and Intervening analytical philosophers have struggled to combine that interest with a study of the roles of intervention studies. With few exceptions this focus of philosophy of science has been on physics and other natural sciences. In particular, there have been few attempts to analyse the use of the notion of intervention in other disciplines where (...)
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  17.  82
    Mechanistic Explanation in Social Contexts: Elster and the Problem of Local Scientific Growth.Johannes Persson - 2012 - Social Epistemology 26 (1):105-114.
    Jon Elster worries about the explanatory power of the social sciences. His main concern is that they have so few well-established laws. Elster develops an interesting substitute: a special kind of mechanism designed to fill the explanatory gap between laws and mere description. However, his mechanisms suffer from a characteristic problem that I will explore in this article. As our causal knowledge of a specific problem grows we might come to know too much to make use of an Elsterian mechanism (...)
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  18.  64
    Harnessing local knowledge for scientific knowledge production : challenges and pitfalls within evidence-based sustainability studies.Johannes Persson, Emma Johansson & Lennart Olsson - 2018 - Ecology and Society 23 (4).
    The calls for evidence-based public policy making have increased dramatically in the last decades, and so has the interest in evidence-based sustainability studies. But questions remain about what “evidence” actually means in different contexts and if the concept travels well between different domains of application. Some of the most relevant questions asked by sustainability studies are not, and in some cases cannot be, directly answered by relying on research evidence of the kinds favored by the evidence-based movement. Therefore, sustainability studies (...)
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  19.  36
    Will science and proven experience converge or diverge? : The ontological considerations.Johannes Persson - 2019 - In Robin Stenwall & Tobias Hansson Wahlberg, Maurinian Truths : Essays in Honour of Anna-Sofia Maurin on her 50th Birthday. Lund, Sverige: Department of Philosophy, Lund University. pp. 97-106.
    Proven experience can be shared. Given this, we cannot assume that the character of proven experience is always manifest as a physical token in each individual sharing it. But the token might still exist somewhere. Perhaps that is a condition of the proven experience’s existence. Something similar could have been accepted as true of scientific knowledge, especially if those who argued that scientific claims were only shorthand for more complicated claims about observations had been right. But it seems that they (...)
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  20. Explanation in Metaphysics?Johannes Persson - 2011 - Metaphysica 12 (2):165-181.
    Arguments from explanation, i.e. arguments in which the explanatory value of a hypothesis or premise is appealed to, are common in science, and explanatory considerations are becoming more popular in metaphysics. The paper begins by arguing that explanatory arguments in science—even when these are metaphysical explanations— may fail to be explanatory in metaphysics; there is a distinction to be drawn between metaphysical explanation and explanation in metaphysics. This makes it potentially problematic to deploy arguments from explanation in, for instance, metaphysics (...)
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  21.  45
    Climate change, values, and the cultural cognition thesis.Johannes Persson, Nils-Eric Sahlin & Annika Wallin - 2015 - Environmental Science and Policy 52 (1-5).
    Recently the importance of addressing values in discussions of risk perception and adaptation to climate change has become manifest. Values-based approaches to climate change adaptation and the cultural cognition thesis both illustrate this trend. We argue that in the wake of this development it is necessary to take the dynamic relationship between values and beliefs seriously, to acknowledge the possibility of bi-directional relationships between values and beliefs, and to address the variety of values involved. The dynamic relationship between values and (...)
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  22.  54
    Misconceptions of positivism and five unnecessary science theoretic mistakes they bring in their train.Johannes Persson - unknown
    Background Positivism is sometimes rejected for the wrong reasons. Influential textbooks on nursing research and in other disciplines tend to reinforce the misconceptions underlying these rejections. This is problematic, since it provides students of these disciplines with a poor basis for making epistemological and methodological decisions. It is particularly common for positivist views on reality and causation to be obscured. Objectives and design The first part of this discussion paper identifies and explains the misconceptions about positivism as they appear in (...)
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  23.  25
    Examining the facts.Johannes Persson - 2000 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 76:87-108.
    Facts are once again put to work in philosophical enterprises. The discussion in this paper is conducted under the presumption that we for this reason need to examine the nature of facts anew. To some extent it has been taken for granted that the question of properties and particulars is the primary problem to solve, and that the question of facts is secondary. This approach naturally leads to many of the old problems of facts and complexes. By taking facts as (...)
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  24.  44
    (1 other version)IBE and EBI: on explanation before inference.Johannes Persson - 2007 - In Johannes Persson & Petri Ylikoski, Rethinking Explanation. Springer. pp. 252--137.
    Inference to the best explanation is theoretically interesting in that it promises to throw new light on what an explanation is. IBE challenges the standard view of the relation between inference and explanation. But sometimes it seems that previous explanation is more independent of inference than IBE suggests. Sometimes we have explanation before inference which is not IBE. This chapter examines the possibility that the latter is the rule rather than the exception.
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  25. Objektiva risker?Johannes Persson - 2003 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 4.
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  26.  48
    (1 other version)Science and proven experience : a Swedish variety of evidence-based medicine?Johannes Persson, Niklas Vareman, Annika Wallin, Lena Wahlberg & Nils-Eric Sahlin - unknown
    A key question for evidence-based medicine is how best to model the way in which EBM should “[integrate] individual clinical expertise and the best external evidence”. We argue that the formulations and models available in the literature today are modest variations on a common theme and face very similar problems. For example, both the early and updated models of evidence-based clinical decisions presented in Haynes, Devereaux and Guyatt assume that EBM consists of, among other things, evidence from clinical research and (...)
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  27.  70
    The laws' properties.Johannes Persson - 2005 - In Jan Faye, Paul Needham, Uwe Scheffler & Max Urchs, Nature's Principles. Springer. pp. 239--254.
    We are good at discussing law statements of different epistemic status, and to describe logical relationships between different law statements. But contemporary discussion often suffers from a difficulty to formulate questions concerning laws of different ontological status. This paper presents a framework for distinguishing between properties and fake properties that seems to provide better tools for such inquiries. This paper also examines criteria for properties in connection with laws of nature. It discusses three suggested tests for properties, by Maxwell, Ramsey, (...)
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  28.  19
    Special issue on Lund conference on explanation.Johannes Persson - 1999 - Synthese 120.
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  29.  28
    On the relation between experience, personal experience, and proven experience.Johannes Persson - 2021 - In N. E. Sahlin, Vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet/Science and proven experience. pp. 55-64.
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  30.  17
    Social laws should be conceived as a special case of mechanisms : A reply to Daniel Little.Johannes Persson - 2012 - Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 1 (7):12-14.
    I am grateful to Daniel Little for his insightful reply to my recent article in Social Epistemology about what appears to be a flaw in Jon Elster’s conception of mechanisms. I agree with much of what Little says, but want to amplify a different underlying problem with Elster’s conception than Little suggests in his reply. This underlying problem connects nicely with a passage in Little’s reply, which he thinks unconnected with the point on which I focus.
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  31.  23
    What is explanatory asymmetry?Johannes Persson - 2001 - In Mika Kiikeri & Petri Ylikoski, Explanatory Connections: Electronic essays dedicated to Matti Sintonen. pp. 1-21.
    The overall aim of this paper is to examine the claim that explanation is asymmetrical because causation is asymmetrical. The link between causal and explanatory asymmetry is focussed on. It is argued that many theories of causation account for causal asymmetry in a way that stops a causal model from contributing to our understanding of explanatory asymmetry. What appears to be generally advantageous with causal approaches is normally true only of a few specific causal accounts. These remaining alternatives, however, may (...)
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  32. Activity-Based Accounts of Mechanism and the Threat of Polygenic Effects.Johannes Persson - 2010 - Erkenntnis 72 (1):135 - 149.
    Accounts of ontic explanation have often been devised so as to provide an understanding of mechanism and of causation. Ontic accounts differ quite radically in their ontologies, and one of the latest additions to this tradition proposed by Peter Machamer, Lindley Darden and Carl Craver reintroduces the concept of activity. In this paper I ask whether this influential and activity-based account of mechanisms is viable as an ontic account. I focus on polygenic scenarios—scenarios in which the causal truths depend on (...)
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  33.  10
    Social mechanisms and explaining how : A reply to Kimberly Chuang.Johannes Persson - 2012 - Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 1 (9):37-41.
    Kimberly Chuang’s detailed and very helpful reply to my article concerns Jon Elster’s struggle to develop a mechanistic account that sheds light on explanation in social science. I argue that a problem exists with Elster’s current conception of mechanistic explanation in social contexts. Chuang defends Elster’s conception against my critique. I still believe I have identified a problem with Elster’s conception. In this reply I want to recapitulate briefly Elster’s idea, as I understand it, and then use some of Chuang’s (...)
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  34.  81
    (1 other version)The interdisciplinary decision problem : Popperian optimism and Kuhnian pessimism in forestry.Johannes Persson, Henrik Thorén & Lennart Olsson - forthcoming - Ecology and Society 23 (3).
    Interdisciplinary research in the fields of forestry and sustainability studies often encounters seemingly incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The perceived incompatibilities might emerge from the epistemological and ontological claims of the theories or models directly employed in the interdisciplinary collaboration, or they might be created by other epistemological and ontological assumptions that these interdisciplinary researchers find no reason to question. In this paper we discuss the benefits and risks of two possible approaches, Popperian optimism and Kuhnian (...)
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  35.  68
    Causal Facts.Johannes Persson - unknown
    The thesis addresses the nature of causation. It is argued that causation exists and is as local as its causes and effects. As a consequence, the position advocated is contrary to the as yet prevailing view that no 'causal tie' between cause and effect exists. Moreover, it is suggested that this tie can be perceived. The essay attempts to elucidate the nature of causes, effects, and causal mechanisms. It is argued that they are facts rather than particulars or universals. Furthermore (...)
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  36. Semmelweis’s methodology from the modern stand-point: intervention studies and causal ontology.Johannes Persson - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40 (3):204-209.
    Semmelweis’s work predates the discovery of the power of randomization in medicine by almost a century. Although Semmelweis would not have consciously used a randomized controlled trial (RCT), some features of his material—the allocation of patients to the first and second clinics—did involve what was in fact a randomization, though this was not realised at the time. This article begins by explaining why Semmelweis’s methodology, nevertheless, did not amount to the use of a RCT. It then shows why it is (...)
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  37. Cause, Effect, And Fake Causation.Johannes Persson - 2002 - Synthese 131 (1):129-143.
    The possibility of apparently negative causation has been discussed in a number of recent works on causation, but the discussion has suffered from beingscattered. In this paper, the problem of apparently negative causation and its attemptedsolutions are examined in more detail. I discuss and discard three attempts that have beensuggested in the literature. My conclusion is negative: Negative causation shows that thetraditional cause & effect view is inadequate. A more unified causal perspective is needed.
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  38.  88
    Compartment Causation.Johannes Persson - 2006 - Synthese 149 (3):535-550.
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  39.  50
    A New Challenge for Objective Uncertainties and The Propensity Theorist.Robin Stenwall, Johannes Persson & Nils-Eric Sahlin - 2018 - Metaphysica 19 (2):219-224.
    The paper is concerned with the existence of objective uncertainties. What would it take for objective uncertainties to exist, and what would be the consequences for our understanding of the world we live in? We approach these questions by considering two common theories on how we are to understand the being of propensities and how it pertains to possible outcomes that remain unmanifested. It is argued that both or these theories should be rejected, and be replaced with a theory we (...)
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  40. The Philosophy of Interdisciplinarity: Sustainability Science and Problem-Feeding.Henrik Thorén & Johannes Persson - 2013 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 44 (2):337-355.
    Traditionally, interdisciplinarity has been taken to require conceptual or theoretical integration. However, in the emerging field of sustainability science this kind of integration is often lacking. Indeed sometimes it is regarded as an obstacle to interdisciplinarity. Drawing on examples from sustainability science, we show that problem-feeding, i.e. the transfer of problems, is a common and fruitful-looking way of connecting disparate disciplines and establishing interdisciplinarity. We identify two species of problem-feeding: unilateral and bilateral. Which of these is at issue depends on (...)
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  41.  28
    Why separate risk assessors and risk managers? Further external values affecting the risk assessor qua risk assessor.Niklas Vareman & Johannes Persson - 2010 - Journal of Risk Research 13 (5):687-700.
    The functional separation of risk assessment and risk management has long been at the heart of risk analysis structures. Equally long it has been criticized for creating technocratic risk management due to valuations being done in the risk assessment to which the stakeholders do not have access. The criticism has mostly been of an ethical nature. Arguably, in separating risk assessment and risk management, one hopes to fulfil two requirements: Social requirement: we want risk management to meet the goals and (...)
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  42.  84
    The determinables of explanatory mechanisms.Johannes Persson - 1999 - Synthese 120 (1):77-87.
    Sometimes instances of perceived causation turn out to lack causal relata. The reasons may vary. Causation may display itself as prevention, or as omission, and in some cases causation occurs within such complex environments that few of the things we associate with causes and effects are true of them, etc. But even then, there may be causal explanations to be had. This suggests that the explanatory power of causal reports have other sources than the relation between cause and effect. In (...)
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  43.  31
    Climate change: Motivation for taking measure to adapt.Kristina Blennow & Johannes Persson - 2009 - Global Environmental Change 19 (1):100-104.
    We tested two consequences of a currently influential theory based on the notion of seeing adaptations to climate change as local adjustments to deal with changing conditions within the constraints of the broader economic–social–political arrangements. The notion leaves no explicit role for the strength of personal beliefs in climate change and adaptive capacity. The consequences were: adaptive action to climate change taken by an individual who is exposed to and sensitive to climate change is not influenced to a considerable degree (...)
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  44.  26
    Review of David Owens: Causes and Coincidences. [REVIEW]Johannes Persson - 1994 - Theoria 60 (2):164-167.
  45.  20
    (1 other version)Why internal validity is not prior to external validity: Paper presented at PSA 2012.Johannes Persson & Annika Wallin - 2012 - Brunswik Society Newsletter 27:37-38.
    In Persson & Wallin we show that the common claim that internal validity should be understood as prior to external validity has, at least, three epistemologically problematic aspects: experimental artefacts, the implications of causal relations, and how the mechanism is measured. Each aspect demonstrates how important external validity is for the internal validity of the experimental result. This note is an invited summary of these results.
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  46.  18
    Conclusiveness resolves the conflict between quality of evidence and imprecision in GRADE.Sten Anttila, Johannes Persson, Niklas Vareman & Nils-Eric Sahlin - 2016 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 75:1-5.
    The objective of our article is to show how “quality of evidence” and “imprecision,” as they are defined in Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation articles, may lead to confusion. We focus only on the context of systematic reviews.
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  47.  35
    Ruling out risks in medical research.Sten Anttila, Johannes Persson, Måns Rosén, Niklas Vareman, Sigurd Vitols & Nils-Eric Sahlin - 2019 - Journal of Risk Research 22 (6):796-802.
    In medical research, it is not unusual that risks are ruled out without any specification the exact risk that was ruled out. This makes it difficult to balance expected health benefits and risk of harm when choosing between alternative treatment options. International guidelines for reporting medical research results are sufficiently specific when it comes to establishing health benefits. However, there is a lack of standards for reporting on ruling out risks. We argue that transparency is needed, as in the case (...)
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  48. (1 other version)Realistic Metaphysics An interview with D. H. Mellor.Anna-Sofia Maurin & Johannes Persson - 2001 - Theoria 67 (2):96-113.
    This article is the text of an interview with D. H. Mellor conducted in Cambridge on 30 May 2001 by Anna-Sofia Maurin and Johannes Persson for the philosophical journal Theoria.
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  49. The (misconceived) distinction between internal and external validity.Johannes Persson & Annika Wallin - unknown
    Researchers often aim to make correct inferences both about that which is actually studied and about what the results generalize to. The language of internal and external validity is not used by everyone, but many of us would agree that intuitively the distinction makes a lot of sense. Two claims are commonly made with respect to internal and external validity. The first is that internal validity is prior to external validity since there is nothing to generalize if the findings obtained (...)
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  50.  51
    Mechanisms: Are activities up to the job?Johannes Persson - 2010 - In M. Dorato M. Suàrez, Epsa Epistemology and Methodology of Science. Springer. pp. 201--209.
    In this article I examine whether an influential theory of mechanisms proposed by Peter Machamer, Lindley Darden and Carl Craver can accommodate polygenic effects. This theory is both interesting and problematic, I will argue, because it ascribes a central role to activities. In it, activities are needed not only to constitute mechanisms but also to perform their causal role. These putative functions of activities become problematic in certain situations where several causes or elements of a mechanism contribute simultaneously, i.e. with (...)
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