On this paper, signed by Soren Kierkegaard’s pseudonym, Constantin Constantius, author of Repetition (Gjentagelse), despite never being published, the Danish philosopher takes on Professor Heiberg’s critique of his book with irony, and deepening the matter of the spirit in the concept of repetition. In this translation, it was chosen to keep the notes from the manuscript.

For centuries, natural law was the main philosophical legal paradigm. Now, it is a wonder when a court of law invokes it. Arthur Kaufmann already underlined a modern general "horror iuris naturalis". We also know, with Winfried Hassemer, that the succession of legal paradigms is a matter of fashion. But why did natural law become outdated? Are there any remnants of it still alive today? This book analyses a number of prejudices and myths that have created a general misconception of (...) natural law. As Jean-Marc Trigeaud put it: there is a natural law that positivists invented. Not the real one(s). It seeks to understand not only the usual adversaries of natural law (like legalists, positivists and historicists) but also its further enemies, the inner enemies of natural law, such as internal aporias, political and ideological manipulations, etc. The book puts forward a reasoned and balanced examination of this treasure of western political and juridical though. And, if we look at it another way, natural law is by no means a loser in our times: because it lives in modern human rights. (shrink)

O presente estudo revisa o conceito de performatividade desenvolvido nos estudos de Austin e Benveniste, e está dividido em três partes: a primeira é uma síntese crítica das contribuições desses autores, em que se enfatiza os pontos de concordância e discordância entre eles, e os aspectos problemáticos de seus respectivos pontos de vista; a segunda é uma releitura das conceituações, estruturações e problematizações apresentadas pelos autores, e uma proposta própria de compreensão da enunciação e da performance a partir das ideias (...) de diálogo e modalização dialógica; a última corresponde à aplicação dessa proposta teórica ao ritual do sacramento do matrimônio. Na proposta teórica aqui apresentada, a enunciação é considerada como uma relação contratual entre os interlocutores, em que o enunciado figura como seu objeto, e a performatividade, isto é, a caracterização daquela como enunciação-ação, é compreendida como um tipo específico de modalização, denominada entrelocutiva, que se caracteriza pela aposição de um segundo objeto entre os interlocutores, imbricado e comunicado pelo primeiro: o entreposto. O discurso da cerimônia nupcial, por sua vez, é caracterizado pela prolocução, isto é, pela cisão do locutor/enunciador em um Eu-mandante (Eu-Outro) e um Eu-procurador (Eu-Mesmo), e pela translocução, isto é, pela justaposição do alocutário (Tu) e do delocutário (Ele) na posição de enunciatário. (shrink)

El artículo presenta hechos estilizados sobre los doscientos años de historia económica brasileña según los liberales clásicos, nacionalistas y marxistas. Para ello se eligen algunos autores clásicos de cada orientación teórica por la influencia de sus interpretaciones. Mientras que los liberales clásicos alaban la dependencia económica y critican la lucha política por superar las herencias coloniales y neocoloniales, los nacionalistas y marxistas, de diferentes maneras, critican la dependencia y proponen superarla políticamente. En Brasil, los marxistas nunca han estado en el (...) poder, pero es claro un péndulo entre liberales y nacionalistas. La relevancia de la clasificación propuesta se ilustra al recordar que, hoy, Brasil es gobernado por un líder en la tradición del neoliberalismo autoritario latinoamericano inaugurado por Augusto Pinochet en 1973. Sin embargo, poco después de conmemorarse los 200 años de la independencia política en 07 de septiembre de 2022, la elección presidencial de octubre de 2022 puede marcar un nuevo giro en el péndulo hacia una visión nacionalista del pasado y el futuro de Brasil. (shrink)

O artigo propõe-se a reconstruir a trajetória de William Hazlitt, procurando mos- trar que sua formação como crítico de arte esteve estreitamente ligada a certos eventos decorrentes da Revolução Francesa. Um elemento nesta direção é representado pela sua visitação, a partir da virada para o século XIX, ao Louvre. Refletindo sobre sua experiência parisiense, o crítico formula a ideia de que a linguagem da pintura almeja uma universali- dade inimaginável no âmbito da política. Com isso, busca-se sugerir a existência de (...) alguma espécie de nexo entre esses dois fenômenos aparentemente desconectados. (shrink)

The paper presents stylized facts about the two hundred years of Brazilian economic history according to classical liberals, nationalists, and Marxists. For this, some classic authors of each theoretical orientation are chosen according to the influence of their interpretations. While classical liberals praise economic dependence and criticize the political struggle to overcome the colonial and neo-colonial heritage, nationalists and Marxists, in different ways, criticize dependence and propose to overcome it politically. Marxists have never been in power in Brazil, but a (...) pendulum between liberals and nationalists is clear. The relevance of the proposed classification is illustrated by recalling that, today, Brazil is governed by a leader in the Latin American authoritarian neoliberalism tradition inaugurated by Augusto Pinochet in 1973. However, shortly after commemorating 200 years of political independence on September 07th, 2022, the presidential elections in October 2022 may set a new swing in the pendulum toward a nationalist vision of the Brazilian past and future. (shrink)

O bem-estar dos docentes é um tema particularmente relevante e tem vindo a receber um interesse crescente. Contudo, são escassos os estudos em escolas no estrangeiro, motivo pelo qual se apresenta este trabalho que pretende explorar do bem-estar destes professores, em particular, descrever o seu bem-estar subjetivo e o bem-estar na escola, explorando o papel de variáveis pessoais e profissionais no bem-estar dos professores. Para isso, foi recolhida uma amostra de 58 docentes a lecionar em escolas portuguesas no estrangeiro, na (...) sua maioria mulheres, com idades entre os 27 e os 69 anos. Os resultados sugerem um bem-estar subjetivo globalmente positivo, acima do ponto médio, e relações significativas com variáveis organizacionais. Aspectos que são discutidos. Ainda sugeridas novas investigações neste domínio. (shrink)

resumo: Há uma solidariedade entre o estilo do L'Individuation à la Lumière des Notions de Forme et d'Information e os princípios teóricos que a obra toma como ponto de partida para sua investigação dos diversos processos de individuação. Essa solidariedade torna o estilo da obra um programa filosófico que responde a demandas precisas quanto ao papel das ciências da natureza, das ciências humanas e da técnica, sua classificação, sua história e sua consistência teórica, demandas que pretendemos especificar no artigo. Ao (...) mesmo tempo esse programa de Simondon requer que o autor recolha os princípios teóricos de sua análise em um corpo teórico cujas linhas gerais desenham a fisonomia de toda uma filosofia, de caráter peculiar. É isso o que justifica, e até mesmo exige, que Simondon tome por objeto o problema da individuação nos termos em que o faz, e que possa apresentar essa aproximação do problema como uma crítica cujo valor é ele mesmo filosófico: uma resposta peculiar ao positivismo, ao pragmatismo, ao estruturalismo e, sobretudo, às formas de compreensão das ciências e das técnicas que era hegemônica no final dos anos 50, no ambiente intelectual francês. abstract: There is a strict allegiance between the style present in L'Individuation à la Lumière des Notions de Forme et d'Information and the theoretical principles by which this work inquires the diverse individuation processes. That allegiance makes this style a whole investigation program on the role of natural sciences, humanities and technology in general, their classification, history and theoretical nature. The clauses of that investigation will be shown in its general lines by the paper itself. But the point is that, at the same time, this investigation program requires the specific theoretical principles adopted by Simondon in this work as a theory and in its development as a complete philosophy. Indeed this is the reason why Simondon takes the problem about individuation processes as the focus of his discussions. Such discussions offer a critique whose value is itself philosophical. That strategy results in a peculiar response to positivism, pragmatism, structuralism and the hegemonic way of thinking about sciences and techniques in the French fifties. (shrink)

One of the challenges of the Kantian research is to deal with the different meanings of the term critique, as well as to ask about the author’s possible motivation in choosing this term to title his main works. Through the emphasis on the fecundity of meaning of the term critique, we will show in this article that its connection with the establishment of limits to metaphysics was a sinuous process, which is capable of encompassing interests of heterogeneous natures. For this (...) purpose, we will first problematize, in particular, the appearance of the concept of critique in NEV of 1765 and, later, based on the Reflections (1765-1770), we will identify how its equivocality, more than an obstacle, favored the construction of its protagonist role in the Kantian corpus. Thus, the critical thinking for Kant, instead of a position facing only the problem of metaphysics, is explained as a position facing the most diverse problems of the modern subject. (shrink)

O artigo investiga a pertinência dos discursos religiosos para a construção da sociedade democrática. A contemporaneidade filosófica tem observado que as religiões podem contribuir para a realização do objetivo de fraternidade e solidariedade entre os cidadãos com distintas orientações axiológicas. A teoria do discurso de Jürgen Habermas analisa que as sociedades contemporâneas estão vivenciando o processo de pós-secularização e o ressurgimento das religiões na esfera pública. O filósofo alemão considera que as instituições religiosas têm o conteúdo normativo e a legitimidade (...) que está ausente nas instituições políticas e nos atores políticos. As religiões mundiais se caracterizam pelas ações sociais e o incentivo à solidariedade aos seus fiéis. No nível pós-metafísico de fundamentação da forma política, os discursos religiosos podem motivar os cidadãos para a atitude comunicativa e o entendimento sobre as normas sociais que deverão reger a sociedade justa e inclusiva. Nesse sentido, a experiência de auto-esclarecimento das religiões sobre as suas doutrinas e princípios de fé poderá colaborar para o entendimento entre os cidadãos religiosos e não-religiosos. Por fim, a análise da experiência católica de autorreflexão sobre suas doutrinas e o relacionamento com as diversas religiões se tornou o exemplo de diálogo para as entidades religiosas no mundo secular. (shrink)

We consider a paradigm of applications of Logic Engineering to illustrate the information interchange among different areas of knowledge, through the formal approach to some aspects of computing. We apply the paradigm to the area of distributed systems, taking the demand for specification formalisms, treated in three areas of knowledge: modal logics, first-order logic and algebra. In doing so, we obtain transfer of intuitions and results, establishing that, as far as input/output representation is concerned, these three formalisms are equivalent.

Resumo Neste artigo, será discutida a noção de “infinitude cardinal” – a qual seria predicada de um “conjunto” – e a noção de “infinitude ordinal” – a qual seria predicada de um “processo”. A partir dessa distinção conceitual, será abordado o principal problema desse artigo, i.e., o problema da possibilidade teórica de uma infinitude de estrelas tratado por Dummett em sua obra Elements of Intuitionism. O filósofo inglês sugere que, mesmo diante dessa possibilidade teórica, deveria ser possível predicar apenas infinitude (...) ordinal. A questão principal surge do fato de que parece ser problemático predicar ordinalmente infinitude de “estrelas”. Mesmo diante dessa possibilidade, Dummett sugere que o intuicionista poderia apenas reinterpretar infinitude cardinal como sendo infinitude ordinal. Ora, iremos mostrar que, se Dummett não fornece razões extras que sustentem essa posição, então será difícil interpretar um caso empírico infinitário como sendo também um caso ordinal ou potencial de infinitude. Para resolver esse problema de Dummett, em Brouwer se encontram alguns pressupostos idealistas necessários para argumentar em favor da ideia de que, mesmo em um contexto empírico, como o de uma infinitude de estrelas, poderíamos predicar infinitude ordinal. Então, depois de discutir as duas noções de “infinitude” e apresentar o problema de Dummett, será apresentada a abordagem idealista de Brouwer – a qual pelo menos explicaria de modo mais plausível as razões que poderiam motivar um intuicionista a predicar infinitude ordinal até mesmo de um caso empírico e espacial. (shrink)

In this article we study applications of the bounded functional interpretation to theories of feasible arithmetic and analysis. The main results show that the novel interpretation is sound for considerable generalizations of weak König’s Lemma, even in the presence of very weak induction. Moreover, when this is combined with Cook and Urquhart’s variant of the functional interpretation, one obtains effective versions of conservation results regarding weak König’s Lemma which have been so far only obtained non-constructively.

The Generalized Poisson Distribution (GPD) adds an extra parameter to the usual Poisson distribution. This parameter induces a loss of homogeneity in the stochastic processes modeled by the distribution. Thus, the generalized distribution becomes an useful model for counting processes where the occurrence of events is not homogeneous. This model creates the need for an inferential procedure, to test for the value of this extra parameter. The FBST (Full Bayesian Significance Test) is a Bayesian hypotheses test procedure, capable of providing (...) an evidence measure on sharp hypotheses (where the dimension of the parametric space under the null hypotheses is smaller than that of the full parametric space). The goal of this work is study the empirical properties of the FBST for testing the nullity of extra parameter of the generalized Poisson distribution. Numerical experiments show a better performance of FBST with respect to the classical likelihood ratio test, and suggest that FBST is an efficient and robust tool for this application. (shrink)

1. Do realismo clássico à análise mítica.

This article systematically investigates so-called “truth variants” of several functional interpretations. We start by showing a close relation between two variants of modified realizability, namely modified realizability with truth and q-modified realizability. Both variants are shown tobe derived from a single “functional interpretation with truth” of intuitionistic linear logic. This analysis suggests that several functional interpretations have truth and q-variants. These variants, however, require a more involved modification than the ones previously considered. Following this lead we present truth and q-variants (...) of the Diller-Nahm interpretation, the bounded modified realizability and the bounded functional interpretation. (shrink)

Russell's The Problems of Philosophy tries to establish a new theory of induction, at the same time that Hume is there accused of an irrational/ scepticism about induction". But a careful analysis of the theory of knowledge explicitly acknowledged by Hume reveals that, contrary to the standard interpretation in the XXth century, possibly influenced by Russell, Hume deals exclusively with causal inference (which he never classifies as "causal induction", although now we are entitled to do so), never with inductive inference (...) in general, mainly generalizations about sensible qualities of objects ( whether, e.g., "all crows are black" or not is not among Hume's concerns). Russell's theories are thus only false alternatives to Hume's, in (1912) or in his (1948). (shrink)

The Leslie matrix model for discrete population growth has been modified and used several times in population dynamics. A review is given of the basic model and of its principal modifications. The modifications relating to the influences of ‘internal’ or ‘external’ factors to the population are studied with greater detail. The same applies to models where the population is divided in stages rather than in age classes. In the same line, Hadjibiros studied a more general model, where the transition matrix (...) corresponds to a population divided in stages of unequal duration, and where the time varying influences of the ‘internal’ or ‘external’ factors are included. This model offers the possibility of computer simulation of the population dynamics of a natural population represented by a demographic vector. Some kind of relationship is proposed between the general matrix model and the Lefkovitch matrix ; the elements of which, obtained by regression techniques from census data, describe the biological dependance of a stage i at time t + 1 on a stage j at time t. (shrink)

Este trabalho procura contemplar as conseqüências de um Capítulo Geral de um Instituto de Vida Consagrada, dentro de um contexto atual parametrizado pelo Concílio Vaticano II, e fundamentada na Congregação das Escolas de Caridade – Instituto Cavanis, que recentemente realizou seu XXXIII Capítulo Geral, com atuação na América Latina e em outras partes do mundo. Alerta sobre o cotidiano e os desafios da vida religiosa nos dias de hoje, dentro de uma perspectiva atual nos âmbitos social e eclesial, propondo uma (...) abertura a novos ares, um novo "aggiornamento" nas instituições. (shrink)

The attacks of September 11 oblige us to revise a prevalent view of religion as harmless and incompatible with rational forms of knowledge. Three modes of knowledge coexist today: theological knowledge involves adhesion to a system of beliefs; technological and natural science knowledge is value-free and neutral with regard to beliefs; lastly, knowledge in philosophy, social and human sciences relates to values, transcends national and cultural specificities and involves freedom and reason. Is this latter form of knowledge more apt to (...) preserve one’s critical conscience than other modes of knowledge? History does not, alas, corroborate this theory. All three knowledge modes, taken separately, lack both a wider rationality which would enable them to legitimize their actions in light of universal criteria, and the properties of democratic debate, the only way to avoid pathologies in thought, be they of a religious or scientific nature. In a post-secular society, religions resist all forms of secularizing influences. A true secular society is, however, able to preserve the contents of religion without destroying them. (shrink)

In this paper I aim to postulate which are the conditions for a future peace—if it is at all possible—between Israel and Palestine, in the light of the events of 7 October 2023, the unprecedented attack on civilians of Israel, mostly women, elderly people and children, by members of the terrorist group Hamas, and the counterattack by Israeli forces, which, unfortunately, killed many civilians too. Taking as a starting point mainly the theoretical grounds of Kant and Rawls, I intend to (...) discuss the conditions for a future peace between the people of Israel and Palestine, and for the establishment of the UN’s proposal for two states—the State of Israel and the State of Palestine. I wish to consider whether the present events prejudice or even exclude that solution, in the short, medium and long term. (shrink)

Resenha dos livros Aisthesis. Cenas do regime estético da arte e Le temps du paysage. Aux origines de la révolution esthétique, de Jacques Rancière. De As três fontes das filosofias da história, de Bertrand Binoche, e de A filosofia da fisiocracia: Metafísica, política, economia, de Thiago Vargas. Conta ainda com uma resenha da 34ª Bienal de São Paulo.

En su primera obra, Kant discute la posibilidad de que exista más de un universo. Partiendo del principio de que las substancias tienen una fuerza esencial para actuar fuera de sí y de que ellas se vinculan solo en el ejercicio de esta fuerza, Kant concluye que la totalidad de las substancias vinculadas entre sí conforma un universo. Sin embargo, es perfectamente posible que una substancia exista sin estar vinculada con las substancias de un determinado universo, no formando parte de (...) él, y que lo esté con otras substancias ajenas, conformando con ellas un universo aparte. Pero la posibilidad de múltiples universos requiere que haya espacios de distinta naturaleza o dimensionalidad para que tales universos se mantengan inconexos y sean realmente distintos universos y no partes distantes de un mismo universo. Esto sucede así porque la naturaleza del espacio depende específicamente de la fuerza con la que interactúan las substancias. (shrink)

Há um discurso teórico que denuncia a igualdade formal presente no ideal de Estado de Direito como um manto ideológico a serviço do conservadorismo. Por debaixo desse manto, as profundas desigualdades sociais e relações de opressão seriam legitimadas como se fossem simplesmente fruto da aplicação imparcial das regras jurídicas a que todos estariam igualmente submetidos. Embora essa crítica sirva quando direcionada ao modelo de Estado de Direito defendido por Hayek, que apresenta falsamente as regras oriundas dos costumes e dos precedentes (...) como isentas de posições políticas, ela não atinge da mesma maneira o modelo de Estado de Direito centrado na supremacia da legislação. Apesar de todas as limitações que podem ser reconhecidas no ideal de igualdade formal, a sua recusa parece antes permitir novas e mais graves formas de opressão do que as suprimir. (shrink)

Informed consent is recognized as a primary ethical requirement to conduct research involving humans. In the investigations with the use of human biological material, informed consent (IC) assumes a differentiated condition on account of the many future possibilities. This work presents suitable alternatives for IC regarding the storage and use of human biological material in research, according to new Brazilian regulations. Both norms – Resolution 441/11 of the National Health Council, approved on 12 May 2011, and Ordinance 2.201 (NATIONAL GUIDELINES (...) FOR BIOREPOSITORIES AND BIOBANKS OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH PURPOSE) of the Brazil Ministry of Health, approved on 14 September 2011 – state that the consent of subjects for the collection, storage and use of samples stored in Biobanks is necessarily established by means of a Free and Informed Consent Form (ICF). In order to obtain individual and formal statements, this form should contain the following two mutually exclusive options: an explanation about the use of the stored material in each research study, and the need for new consent or the waiver thereof when the material is used for a new study. On the other hand, ICF suitable for Biorepositories must be exclusive and related to specific research. Although Brazilian and international regulations identify the main aspects to be included in the IC, efforts are still necessary to improve the consent process, so that the document will become a bond of trust between subject and researcher. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo aborda a interpretação da poesia tardia de Hölderlin feita por Theodor W. Adorno. Seu objetivo principal é demonstrar os passos da análise estética do discurso proferido em 1963 à Hölderlin-Gesellschaft, pontuando a presença da ideia de parataxis. Assim, o artigo divide o procedimento de Adorno em três camadas interpretativas: os conceitos de teor de coisa, lei imanente da configuração e teor de verdade. Primeiro, Adorno busca as referências filológicas e de sociologia da arte para insistir na proximidade (...) de Hölderlin com o idealismo alemão, estratégia empregada para refutar a leitura de Heidegger, então corrente na Alemanha. A seguir, Adorno analisa a configuração poética para demonstrar como Hölderlin tomava parte nos debates filosóficos do período, marcando sua posição e afastando-se da teoria do conhecimento e filosofia da história de Hegel. Por fim, o teor de verdade resgatado da análise estética sugere conceitos já empregados por Adorno em sua filosofia de juventude, como história natural, mas também prepara noções que aparecerão somente na Dialética negativa, obra que responde à crítica da razão formulada pelo próprio autor na Dialética do esclarecimento. A tese central do artigo consiste na transversalidade da ideia de parataxis. Palavras-chave: Theodor W. Adorno; Friedrich Hölderlin; teor de coisa; teor de verdade; parataxis. Verankerung in den Namen, Verharren in den Ideen. Adorno spielt Hölderlin auf. Zusammenfassung: Der Aufsatz geht um Theodor W. Adornos Interpretation von Hölderlins Spätlyrik. Das Hauptziel hier ist es, die Schritte der ästhetischen Analyse der im Jahr 1963 Rede an die Hölderlin-Gesellschaft zu demonstrieren und dabei die Präsenz der Idee von Parataxe zu betonen. So gliedert der Aufsatz Adornos Vorgehen in drei interpretative Schichten: die Begriffe Sachgehalt, immanentes Gesetz der Gestaltung und Wahrheitsgehalt. Erstens sucht Adorno nach philologischen und kunstsoziologischen Bezügen, um an die Nähe Hölderlins zum deutschen Idealismus zu erinnern. Das war eine Strategie, mit der er die damals in Deutschland gängige Heidegger-Interpretation widerlegen ward. Im Folgenden analysiert Adorno die poetische Gestaltung, um zu zeigen, wie Hölderlin an den philosophischen Debatten seinerzeit teilnahm, seine Position markierte und sich von Hegels Erkenntnistheorie und Geschichtsphilosophie entfernte. Der aus der ästhetischen Analyse gerettete Wahrheitsgehalt schlägt zuletzt Begriffe vor, die Adorno in seiner Jugendphilosophie schon verwendet hat, wie etwa den Begriff der Naturgeschichte, bereitet aber auch Begriffe vor, die erst in Negativer Dialektik erscheinen werden, einem Werk, das auf die vom Autor selbst in Dialektik der Aufklärung formulierte Vernunftkritik antwortet. Die zentrale These des Aufsatzes besteht in der Transversalität der Idee von Parataxe. Stichwörter: Theodor W. Adorno; Friedrich Hölderlin; Sachgehalt; Wahrheitsgehalt; Parataxe. Anchor in Names, Persistence in Ideas. Adorno plays Hölderlin. Abstract: This paper deals with Theodor W. Adorno’s interpretation of Hölderlin’s late poetry. It aims to demonstrate each step of the aesthetic analysis of his well-known speech delivered in 1963 to the Hölderlin-Gesellschaft, and punctuates the presence of parataxis’ idea through the essay. Thus, the paper divides Adorno’s procedure into three main concepts: thing content, immanent law of configuration and truth content. First, Adorno asks philology and sociology of art for help to insist on Hölderlin’s closeness to German Idealism, a strategy employed to rebut Heidegger’s version, then current in Germany. Next, Adorno analyses the poetic configuration as to demonstrate how Hölderlin took part in philosophical debates of his time, marking his position out and moving away from Hegel’s theory of knowledge and philosophy of history. Finally, the truth content rescued from the aesthetic analysis suggests concepts already mobilized by Adorno in his youthful philosophy, such as natural history, but also prepares some notions that will appear only in Negative Dialectics, a work known as a reply to the critique of reason formulated by the author himself in Dialectics of Enlightenment. The central thesis of this paper consists in the transversality of parataxis’ idea. Keywords: Theodor W. Adorno; Friedrich Hölderlin; thing content; truth content; parataxis. Data de registro: 01/08/2023 Data de aceite: 24/01/2024. (shrink)

Trata-se de buscar convergências entre as teorias de John Rawls e Jürgen Habermas, sem negligenciar suas diferenças. A partir da Teoria da Justiça como equidade, de Rawls, e da Teoria da ação comunicativa, de Habermas, procura-se alcançar uma síntese, por meio da ideia de razão pública, a fim de contribuir para a construção de um novo paradigma político.

We show how two iterated products of selection functions can both be used in conjunction with systemTto interpret, via the dialectica interpretation and modified realizability, full classical analysis. We also show that one iterated product is equivalent over systemTto Spector’s bar recursion, whereas the other isT-equivalent to modified bar recursion. Modified bar recursion itself is shown to arise directly from the iteration of a different binary product of ‘skewed’ selection functions. Iterations of the dependent binary products are also considered but (...) in all cases are shown to beT-equivalent to the iteration of the simple products. (shrink)

Web legal information retrieval systems need the capability to reason with the knowledge modeled by legal ontologies. Using this knowledge it is possible to represent and to make inferences about the semantic content of legal documents. In this paper a methodology for applying NLP techniques to automatically create a legal ontology is proposed. The ontology is defined in the OWL semantic web language and it is used in a logic programming framework, EVOLP+ISCO, to allow users to query the semantic content (...) of the documents. ISCO allows an easy and efficient integration of declarative, object-oriented and constraint-based programming techniques with the capability to create connections with external databases. EVOLP is a dynamic logic programming framework allowing the definition of rules for actions and events. An application of the proposed methodology to the legal web information retrieval system of the Portuguese Attorney General’s Office is described. (shrink)

In this paper the author introduces two questions for discussion in Descartes, namely: 1. How to understand the “liberty of indifference” in the thought of Descartes; 2. How to understand the conception of the indivisibility of the soul (or spirit). The first one is a classical topic, already studied, among others, by Martial Guéroult and Lívio Teixeira. It concerns the moral conception of Descartes and the related question about the existence of a “permanent moral” in the thought of Descartes, compared (...) to his “provisory moral”. The second question has more contemporary ramifications, since it is about the relation between body and spirit, or mind, which is central in the philosophical reflections of the XXIst Century. The paper doesn’t try to solve these questions, of course, but intends to point some lines of research taking these issues as starting points. This paper also constitutes a tribute to Professor Franklin Leopoldo e Silva (USP). (shrink)

El artículo ofrece notas iniciales sobre el modo en que Lukács aborda la categoría de alienación, en su conexión con las categorías de trabajo, objetivación, enajenación, cosificación e ideología, en Hacia una Ontología del Ser Social. De este modo, toca temas relacionados con el proceso de formación de la personalidad humana y su subjetividad o conciencia, la conciencia atribuida, la elevación del individuo atrapado en la genericidad en-sí a la genericidad para-sí y la casualidad. Trata de la emancipación humana y (...) en esta trayectoria arriesga algunos comentarios críticos basados en la figuración del mundo que ofrece la lectura que Moishe Postone hace de Marx. (shrink)

Most of the contributions collected in this volume are revised versions or alternative discussions of the papers presented in June-July 2017 at the Department of Philosophy from the University of Bergen/ Norway, in the context of the workshop Wittgenstein in/on translation, held under the auspices of the Strategic Programme for International Research and Education (SPIRE). Natasha Gruver and Miguel Quesada Pacheco were also invited, but their contributions could not be delivered at that time, for different reasons. We are glad to (...) include them here, as well as a completely new one from Rafael Azize, who has always kept a close dialogue with the Brazilian guests that came to Bergen. Interestling, all these three additional texts deal somehow with endeavors that have, to some extent, the character of an experiment – be it like a pure Wittgen- steinian thought experiment or its application to pragmatic or expressivepraxis. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss existing and new approaches to the theory and practice of translating Wittgenstein and philosophy. Wittgenstein is one of the most profound thinkers about language; his Nachlass includes a substantial corpus of his own translations of his writings from German to English or English to German, as also comments and corrections to translations by others of his own writings. Taking this into account, part of the expected results of the project is the production of exemplary studies of the subject, e.g., using Wittgenstein's own translations or own revisions of translations of his works: Wittgenstein on translation. A complementary line is to look at how his work has been or can be rendered into other languages (or research areas): Wittgenstein in translation. This task can be accomplished through a general overview involving several languages, or looking at special cases. The project took both perspectives into account. Special cases that received a closer look are, on the one hand, English as the most translated into language, notably in connection with Wittgenstein‟s own revisions of his work; on the other hand, already existing translations into Portuguese and a pro-ject produced Amerindian translation of Wittgenstein. (shrink)