Global debates in approaches to HIV/AIDS control have recently moved away from a uniformly strong human rights-based focus. Public health utilitarianism has become increasingly important in shaping national and international policies. However, potentially contradictory imperatives may require reconciliation of individual reproductive and other human rights with public health objectives. Current reproductive health guidelines remain largely nonprescriptive on the advisability of pregnancy amongst HIV-positive couples, mainly relying on effective counselling to enable autonomous decision-making by clients. Yet, health care provider values and (...) attitudes may substantially impact on the effectiveness of nonprescriptive guidelines, particularly where social norms and stereotypes regarding childbearing are powerful, and where providers are subjected to dual loyalty pressures, with potentially adverse impacts on rights of service users. Data from a study of user experiences and perceptions of reproductive and HIV/AIDS services are used to illustrate a rights analysis of how reproductive health policy should integrate a rights perspective into the way services engage with HIV-positive persons and their reproductive choices. The analysis draws on recognised tools developed to evaluate health policies for their human rights impacts and on a model developed for health equity research in South Africa to argue for greater recognition of agency on the part of persons affected by HIV/AIDS in the development and content of policies on reproductive choices. We conclude by proposing strategies that are based upon a synergy between human rights and public health approaches to policy on reproductive health choices for persons with HIV/AIDS. (shrink)

In this essay we explore whether and how we should use bibliometrics in hiring, promoting, and granting in the academy. We suggest a Deweyan-Hickmanian pragmatist approach to reflecting on the technology of bibliometrics as a resource for inherently qualitative judgements in these deliberations. We begin with a literature review of current work evaluating the role and use of bibliometrics in the academy, from advocating for them to questioning their construct validity and assessing their limitations and/or dangerous consequences. In the next (...) section, we take a step back and provide a Deweyan philosophical analysis of the validity and practical use of qualitative assessment. In our conclusion we reflect on what pragmatism can teach about recent algorithmic tools used for faculty evaluation. (shrink)

Longtemps dédaigné par les historiens, le costume fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’un retour en force dans les études historiques et sociologiques. Élément essentiel de la culture matérielle, il est l’un des marqueurs de toute société humaine, véritable langage destiné à signifier et pas seulement à protéger ou à orner. Le costume, mais aussi la façon de le porter, de le regarder et de l’interpréter, sont les reflets des normes sociales. Comme le souligne Daniel Roche : « l’histoire du vêtir témoig...

Straipsnyjc svarstornas Algio Micklino atsakas huscrliSkosios fcnorncnologijos kritikarns. Autorius iSrySkina tris svarbiausius IJusscrlio kritikq argurnen- tus: 1 .IHusscrlio fcnorncnologija yra toli graiu nc "rnohlas bc jokiq ikankstiniy prielaidq", ji suponuo- ja dckartiSkqj teiginj, jog bliti rciSkia "hliti paiintu". 2.1-Tusserlio tciginj apic fcnorncnologines duotics apo- diktiSkurnq susilpnina jo patics patcikiarni tokios duo- tics apra5yrnai. IS ju, prieSingai Husserlio ketinirnarns. i6aiSkcja fenorncnologincs rcflcksijos ncpajcgurnas "susidoroti" tiek su retencine 1;iikines patirties di- rncnsija, tiek su radikalia Kito patirtics kitokybe. 3.Husscrlio rnctodui ir rnqstyrnui apskritai (...) budingas eurocentrizrnas ir episterninis irnpcrializrnas - visus kultlirinius ir istorinills skirturnus jis susurnuojn savo fenornenologijoje, kuriy traktuoja kaip slaptq graiko- curopictiSko.jo irnogaus llikcsi.iij iksipildyrnn. Algiui Micktinui svarbiausias klausirnns yra Sis: Koclkl reiketq intcrpretuoti Husserli blitent iitaip? Micktinas, Husscrlio rnokiniy Eugcno Finko ir Lud- wigo Landgrebe's rnokinys, gcrai suvokc, jog ypa- tingas Husscrlio raSyrno stilius nesyk yra veikiau su- trrlkdes nei pacle,jysvisu radikalurnu atsiskleisti svar- biausiorns Mol\qto.jo @valgorns ir atradirnarns. Tatiau jam Sis triikurnas visuornct atrodes ncrciksrningas ly- ginant su rniliiniiku potcncialu, kuris Siuosc atradi- rnuose gltidi. laukdarnas tolcsnio iiplctojirno. Hus- scrlio filosofija Micktinui yra tarsi jminirno laukiantis rnjsliy rinkinps, ir Si jrninirnq jis laiko prasrningesniu uidaviniu ui pastangas padcrnonstruoti huserliSkos fenornenologijos nenuoscklurnus ir silpnqsiasvietas. Savo darbuose Micktinas parodo. jog, ncpaisant kri- tikq iipuoliu, Husscrlio fcnorncnologinio rnctodo vi- suotinurnas ir fundamentalurnas iilicka ncpancigti. Raktiniai iodiiai: fi.nornenologija, refleksijn, skirtis, jk~~orner~ns, ~~~~enntnn.spn.snrrli.s, pntirtis. (shrink)