Roots, Cogwheels and Clouds: A Tale of Encounters In her first book The Illusion of Freedom published in 2006 and in The Age of Gluttony published in 2010 Yıldız Silier focused on the notions of freedom and happiness respectively. This last book on justice completes her trilogy. Instead of taking injustices as a discourse on victimization, she focuses on the life experiences of resisting subjects and collates them through semi fictional tales, letters and diaries. The concrete, material foundations of injustices (...) are exposed in the Roots. The Cogwheels, puts forward what happens when the rebellions fail and the Clouds predict what would have happened if the rebellions had succeeded. Through these three axes, the past (the lost possibilities), the present (dystopia) and the future (utopia) are merged. -/- Those that resist the dictator in the country of animals, peasant risings in the 14th century England, women’s rebellion during the witch hunts in the 16th century Italy, 18th century slave riots in the plantations of West Indies and in workers’ rebellion in the 21st century in a Chinese factory that produces tablets and mobile phones; these are the main subjects of these semi fictional tales. In the second part of the book on “the meeting of old class mates” five friends having different political views discuss “what will happen to our country?” and uncompromising conflicts appear. The last part of the book includes three essays on the Gezi rebellion, Pontecorvo’s film Burn and Calvino’s book Invisible Cities. (shrink)

Kapitalizm, bireysel özgürlüğün son durağı mı? Liberal kuramcılar diyor ki: "Serbest piyasa ekonomisi, belki eşitlik, kardeşlik ve adalet sağlayamıyor ama hiç olmazsa özgürlüğü garanti altına alıyor." Özgürlüğün, tüketicilerin marka seçme özgürlüğüne ya da soyut vatandaşların eşit yasal haklarına indirgenemeyeceğini düşünüyorsak, liberalizmin ilk eleştirmenlerinden Rousseau ve Marx'ın alternatif özgürlük anlayışlarından hâlâ öğreneceğimiz çok şey var. Çoğumuz, ya özgürlüğü kuralsızlık olarak tanımlayıp, mutlak özgürlüğün hiçbir toplumda var olamayacağını düşünüyoruz, ya da özgürlüğü "özel alan" içindeki serbestliğe indirgeyip, kendimizi özgür hissetmenin özgür olmak için (...) yeterli olduğuna inanıyoruz. Peki, ya Rousseau'nun iddia ettiği gibi ayağımızdaki zincirleri halhal zannedip çiçeklerle süslüyorsak? Özgürleşmenin ilk adımı, şu anda neden özgür olmadığımızı kavramaktan geçiyor. Modern toplumda içine düştüğümüz "özgürlük yanılsaması"nı açıklayan Rousseau ve Marx, özgürlüğün ihtiyaçlarla ilişkisine dair iki farklı tez öne sürüyor. Rousseau'ya göre, uygarlık, arzuları ve bağımlılıkları artırdıkça toplumlar yozlaşır ve insanlar farkına varmadan özgürlüklerini kaybeder. Özgürlüğün koşulu "yapay arzular"dan kurtularak yetenekler ve ihtiyaçlar arasında denge kurulmasıdır. Oysa Marx'a göre özgürleşme ancak ihtiyaçların artması ve insancıllaşmasıyla mümkündür. Bütün ihtiyaçlarımızı para ihtiyacına indirgeyen "meta fetişizmi"nden kurtulma mücadelesi, yabancılaşmanın aşılmasının da önünü açar. Bu kitap, "Biz kimiz? Nereden geldik? Nereye gidiyoruz? Nasıl özgürleşebiliriz?" sorularının peşine düşen herkesi düşünsel bir yolculuğa davet ediyor. (shrink)

A picture which reflects the contradictions of our era: Glutton adults, who are always bored and constantly demand new toys and hungry children who have grown untimely. Completely different lives in the same world: Those in the display windows and those in the garbage... This picture is the starting point of the Age of Gluttony. -/- Silier who uses a plain and fluent language, starts from a story of Kafka and touches upon the reasons of obedience to authorities, the internal (...) fears that hinder freedom and issues related with the “meaning of life”. She then proceeds by searching answers to new questions: How does the fetishism of happiness encourage individualism and prevent the flourishing of individuality? Taking inspiration from Kant, Marx, Mill and Sartre can we form a conceptual frame for critical and objective ethical values? -/- What are the different accounts of individuality that lay at the foundations of Marx’s goal of overcoming alienation and existentialists’ yearning for authenticity? How does postmodernism confuse different conceptions of “reason” and “progress”, to charge the Enlightenment as guilty for the crimes and devastation caused by capitalism? How were women transformed through history from goddess to pariah by being domesticated? Can motherhood experiences be saved from the oppressive effects of “motherhood ideology” and have a liberating potential? What kind of link exists between narcissistic individuals who relate freedom with the absence of rules and limits and the ideology of consumerism, which redefines gluttony as a virtue? As greedy companies which rule the world shape both consumers and employers in their image, how does the “irrational” system at the basis of “deformed” and alienated individuals become naturalised and invisible? (shrink)

The word of rūznāme means diary in the Persian language. In the historical records it refers to special diaries written by the secret clerks of Ottoman sultans. Apart from that there are various different types of rūznāmes. In some rūznāmes were described repetitious behaviors that they are a suitable or an unsuitable for each day of the week or month. This article aims to investigate a manuscript named “The Book of Rūznāme” contains suitable and unsuitable behaviors for each day of (...) month. (shrink)

Background More than one in 10 of all prisoners in England and Wales are Foreign Nationals. This article discusses whether the research applications to one London prison are aimed at understanding a prisoner population characterised by significant multinational and multilingual complexity. Methods We studied all accessible documents relating to research undertaken at a women's prison between 2005 and 2009 to assess the involvement of Foreign National prisoners and women with limited English. The source of information was prison research applications and (...) protocols. We also looked at available final research reports and journal articles. Results Two key findings emerged from this study. First, studies at this prison frequently excluded Foreign National prisoners and women with limited English. Second, Foreign National prisoners were often clustered as a homogeneous category in the research reports reviewed. This is despite their diverse cultural backgrounds, their variable immigration status and their differing competence in English, all of which affect their lives. Conclusions The failure to include and/or identify social subgroups of the population can undermine the value of research, including, in the case of the study prison, funded health research. This can compromise associated needs assessments and service delivery, particularly important in already disadvantaged populations; this may encourage and/or perpetuate a range of health inequalities. There is a pressing need to examine cultural exclusion in other health and criminal justice settings, to assess the ways in which—and the extent to which—such exclusion may compromise the merit of proposed and completed health and social research. (shrink)

Değer felsefesindeki önemli ayrımlardan birisi özsel değer ve araçsal değer ayrımıdır. Bu ayrıma göre bazı şeyler dışsal ilişkilerinden bağımsız şekilde, kendi doğası itibariyle, özsel şekilde değerli iken bazı şeyler, böyle olmayıp ancak özsel şekilde değerli olan başka bir şeye araç olması itibariyle değerlidir. Bu ayrım üzerinden ilerlediğimiz zaman önümüze çıkan temel sorulardan birisi hangi şeylerin özsel şekilde değerli olduğu sorusudur. Hedonizm bu soruya sadece hazzın özsel şekilde değerli olduğu ve haz dışındaki her şeyin sadece hazza götürmesi veya haz vermesi sayesinde, (...) araçsal olarak değerli olduğu cevabını verir. Fakat hedonizmin bu temel iddiası yeteri kadar temellendirilmiş midir? Bu temel tez lehinde yeteri kadar sağlam veya güçlü argümanlar var mıdır? Yine bu temel tez aleyhinde sağlam veya güçlü argümanlar var mıdır? Bu çalışmada bu sorulara cevap bulmaya çalıştık. Daha spesifik olarak da çalışmamızda, hedonizmin lehinde sunulan yaygın argümanların yeteri kadar güçlü olmadığını, genelde, yaygın olarak başvurulan argümanların öncüllerinin doğruluğunun yeteri kadar açık veya temellendirilmiş olmamasından hareketle göstermeye çalıştık. Diğer yandan hedonizmin aleyhindeki, onun tutarsızlığına veya temel tezinin makul olmadığına işaret eden karşı argümanları sunduk. Böylece hedonizmin lehindeki argümanların yetersiz olduğu ve onun aleyhinde çok sayıda ikna edici argümanın bulunduğu gerekçelerinden hareketle hedonizmin felsefi açıdan temellendirilmiş, sağlam bir yaklaşım olmadığını savunmaya çalıştık. (shrink)

This is the first academic paper concerned with the description of intertranslational appropriations across non-literary works and to discuss this phenomenon from a novel conceptual perspective by suggesting the term “pseudo-retranslation”. “Drmrod”, a misspelling of Ormrod, served as the benchmark of the preliminary analysis to judge on the existence of pseudo-retranslations across the works. The corpus consists of one unreviewed article, two dissertations, five master’s theses, and seven articles. To identify the initial Turkish translation, Patient Zero, to detect the pseudo-retranslations (...) and to arrange them chronologically, “textual overlap” was operationalized as the primary parameter, while “erroneous referencing”, “typographical errors”, “publication year”, “publication media”, and “relationships between authors” to triangulate the findings concerning the primary parameter. A program, WCopyFind, was used to detect intertextual similarities and to harvest quantitative data by percentage and word count. A textual similarity of 70%, 1–26, 2004) was set as the threshold of significance. The author suggested a threshold of 30% to describe pseudo-retranslations in academic works and of 20% in Turkish academic papers. The unreviewed online article was revealed to be the first to misspell “Ormrod” as “Drmrod” and to translate Ormrod’s six metacognitive skills and the other 14 works to include its pseudo-retranslations. (shrink)

In this study, the relationship between adolescents' perception of God, forgiveness inclination and anger was examined. For this purpose, it was determined whether the perception of God, forgiveness inclination, the trait anger and anger expression styles of the adolescents studying in different educational institutions differ according to demographic variables and the relationship between the adolescents' perception of God, forgiveness inclination and anger was determined. The sample of the study consists of 596 10th grade students studying in different types of high (...) schools in the city center of Ankara. The Demographic Information Form, The Forgiveness Inclination Scale, The God Perception Scale, The Trait Anger and Anger Expression Style Scale were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were analyzed with the unrelated samples t test when the scale scores of the two-category variables were normally distributed and with the Mann-Whitney U test when there was no normal distribution. For variables with more than two categories, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in cases where the scale scores were normally distributed, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used in cases where the normal distribution could not be determined. As a result of the research, statistically significant differences were found in the scores of the sub-dimensions of the scales applied according to the demographic variables. In addition between the Forgiveness Inclination Scale distancing sub- dimension and trait anger, anger-out dimensions; It was determined that there was a positive, moderately statistically significant relationship between the forgiveness inclination scale revenge sub- dimension and trait anger, anger-in, anger-out dimensions. The findings were discussed in the light of the literature. (shrink)