Results for 'Michał Kȩdra'

982 found
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  1.  50
    A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effectiveness of the “Three Good Things for Others” Intervention.Mariola Laguna, Michał Kȩdra & Zofia Mazur-Socha - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12:661336.
    The aim of our study was to test the effectiveness of the “three good things for others” intervention. We used the randomized controlled trial method, with four measurements (pretest, posttest, follow-up after 2 weeks, follow-up after 4 weeks) and with random assignment of participants to experimental and placebo control groups. We investigated the effects of the intervention on prosocial behavior, and in addition on positive and negative affect, and positive orientation (a general tendency to approach reality in a positive way). (...)
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  2. Friedman on suspended judgment.Michal Masny - 2020 - Synthese 197 (11):5009-5026.
    In a recent series of papers, Jane Friedman argues that suspended judgment is a sui generis first-order attitude, with a question as its content. In this paper, I offer a critique of Friedman’s project. I begin by responding to her arguments against reductive higher-order propositional accounts of suspended judgment, and thus undercut the negative case for her own view. Further, I raise worries about the details of her positive account, and in particular about her claim that one suspends judgment about (...)
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  3. Wasted Potential: The Value of a Life and the Significance of What Could Have Been.Michal Masny - 2023 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 51 (1):6-32.
    According to the orthodox view, the goodness of a life depends exclusively on the things that actually happened within it, such as its pleasures and pains, the satisfaction of its subject’s preferences, or the presence of various objective goods and bads. In this paper, I argue that the goodness of a life also depends on what could have happened, but didn’t. I then propose that this view helps us resolve ethical puzzles concerning the standards for a life worth living for (...)
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  4. Robotic Nudges for Moral Improvement through Stoic Practice.Michał Klincewicz - 2019 - Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 23 (3):425-455.
    This paper offers a theoretical framework that can be used to derive viable engineering strategies for the design and development of robots that can nudge people towards moral improvement. The framework relies on research in developmental psychology and insights from Stoic ethics. Stoicism recommends contemplative practices that over time help one develop dispositions to behave in ways that improve the functioning of mechanisms that are constitutive of moral cognition. Robots can nudge individuals towards these practices and can therefore help develop (...)
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  5.  22
    Healthiness as a Virtue: The Healthism of mHealth and the Challenges to Public Health.Michał Wieczorek & Leon Walter Sebastian Rossmaier - 2023 - Public Health Ethics 16 (3):219-231.
    Mobile health (mHealth) technologies for self-monitoring health-relevant parameters such as heart frequency, sleeping patterns or exercise regimes aim at fostering healthy behavior change and increasing the individual users to promote and maintain their health. We argue that this aspect of mHealth supports healthism, the increasing shift from institutional responsibility for public health toward individual engagement in maintaining health as well as mitigating health risks. Moreover, this healthist paradigm leads to a shift from understanding health as the absence of illness to (...)
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  6. Does the Folk Concept of Phenomenal Consciousness Exist?Michał Wyrwa - 2022 - Diametros 19 (71):46-66.
    Philosophers and scientists refer to the special character of phenomenal consciousness, something supposedly obvious to all conscious persons. However, we had no empirical evidence about the folk view of consciousness until the first studies were carried out in the experimental philosophy of consciousness. According to the leading interpretation of these results, laypersons—people without academic knowledge about consciousness—do not notice the phenomenal aspect of consciousness. The aim of the article is to answer the question of whether we can trust these results. (...)
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  7. (2 other versions)Drugs and Hugs: Stimulating Moral Dispositions as a Method of Moral Enhancement.Michał Klincewicz, Lily Eva Frank & Marta Sokólska - 2018 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 83:329-350.
    Advocates of moral enhancement through pharmacological, genetic, or other direct interventions sometimes explicitly argue, or assume without argument, that traditional moral education and development is insufficient to bring about moral enhancement. Traditional moral education grounded in a Kohlbergian theory of moral development is indeed unsuitable for that task; however, the psychology of moral development and education has come a long way since then. Recent studies support the view that moral cognition is a higher-order process, unified at a functional level, and (...)
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  8.  64
    Motivation, counterfactual predictions and constraints: normativity of predictive mechanisms.Michał Piekarski - 2022 - Synthese 200 (5):1-31.
    The aim of this paper is to present the ontic approach to the normativity of cognitive functions and mechanisms, which is directly related to the understanding of biological normativity in terms of normative mechanisms. This approach assumes the hypothesis that cognitive processes contain a certain normative component independent of external attributions and researchers’ beliefs. This component consists of specific cognitive mechanisms, which I call normative. I argue that a mechanism is normative when it constitutes given actions or behaviors of a (...)
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  9.  71
    Neural Correlates of Consciousness Meet the Theory of Identity.Michal Polák & Tomáš Marvan - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:381399.
    One of the greatest challenges of consciousness research is to understand the relationship between consciousness and its implementing substrate. Current research into the neural correlates of consciousness regards the biological brain as being this substrate, but largely fails to clarify the nature of the brain-consciousness connection. A popular approach within this research is to construe brain-consciousness correlations in causal terms: the neural correlates of consciousness are the causes of states of consciousness. After introducing the notion of the neural correlate of (...)
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  10. Healthspan extension, completeness of life and justice.Michal Masny - 2022 - Bioethics 37 (3):239-245.
    Recent progress in geroscience holds the promise of significantly slowing down or even reversing ageing and age-related diseases, and thus increasing our healthspans. In this paper, I offer a novel argument in favour of developing such technology and making it unconditionally available to everyone. In particular, I argue that justice requires that each person be provided with sufficient opportunities to have a ‘complete life’, that many people currently lack such opportunities, and that we would substantially improve the status quo by (...)
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  11. Is forensic science in crisis?Michał Sikorski - 2022 - Synthese 200 (3):1-34.
    The results of forensic science are believed to be reliable, and are widely used in support of verdicts around the world. However, due to the lack of suitable empirical studies, we actually know very little about the reliability of such results. In this paper, I argue that phenomena analogous to the main culprits for the replication crisis in psychology are also present in forensic science. Therefore forensic results are significantly less reliable than is commonly believed. I conclude that in order (...)
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  12. Rethinking the Acceptability and Probability of Indicative Conditionals.Michał Sikorski - 2022 - In Stefan Kaufmann, Over David & Ghanshyam Sharma, Conditionals: Logic, Linguistics and Psychology. Palgrave-Macmillan.
    The chapter is devoted to the probability and acceptability of indicative conditionals. Focusing on three influential theses, the Equation, Adams’ thesis, and the qualitative version of Adams’ thesis, Sikorski argues that none of them is well supported by the available empirical evidence. In the most controversial case of the Equation, the results of many studies which support it are, at least to some degree, undermined by some recent experimental findings. Sikorski discusses the Ramsey Test, and Lewis’s triviality proof, with special (...)
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  13.  21
    The axiom of choice in metric measure spaces and maximal δ\delta -separated sets.Michał Dybowski & Przemysław Górka - 2023 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 62 (5):735-749.
    We show that the Axiom of Countable Choice is necessary and sufficient to prove that the existence of a Borel measure on a pseudometric space such that the measure of open balls is positive and finite implies separability of the space. In this way a negative answer to an open problem formulated in Górka (Am Math Mon 128:84–86, 2020) is given. Moreover, we study existence of maximal δ\delta δ -separated sets in metric and pseudometric spaces from the point of (...)
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  14.  32
    The problem of logical form: Wittgenstein and Leibniz.Michał Piekarski - 2020 - Studia Philosophiae Christianae 56 (S1):63-84.
    The article is an attempt at explaining the category of logical form used by Ludwig Wittgenstein in his Tractatus logico-philosophicus by using concepts from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s The Monadology. There are many similarities and analogies between those works, and the key concept for them is the category of the inner and acknowledged importance of consideration based on basic categories of thinking about the world. The Leibnizian prospect allows for a broader look at Wittgenstein’s analysis of the relation between propositions and (...)
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  15.  71
    Double Effect & Ectopic Pregnancy – Some Problems.Michal Pruski - 2019 - Catholic Medical Quarterly 69 (2):17-20.
    This paper looks at the Catholic justification of medical interventions in ectopic pregnancies. The paper first shows that the way how Double Effect Reasoning is often applied to ectopic pregnancies is not consistent with the way Aquinas introduces this mode of reasoning. The paper then shows certain problems in common defences of the use of salpingectomies. The paper then re-evaluates the medical interventions used in the management of ectopic pregnancies, with both a focus on the aim of the treatment and (...)
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  16.  50
    The right to choose to abort an abortion: should pro-choice advocates support abortion pill reversal?Michal Pruski, Dominic Whitehouse & Steven Bow - 2022 - The New Bioethics 28 (3):252-267.
    Abortion pill reversal treatment aims to halt an initiated medical abortion, wherein a pregnant woman takes progesterone after having taken the first of the two consecutive abortion pills, ty...
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  17.  34
    Sunk Cost Bias and Withdrawal Aversion.Michał Białek, Ori Friedman, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Ethan A. Meyers & Martin H. Turpin - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (3):57-59.
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  18. Od kosmografii do \"systemu świata\". Rosyjska kosmologia wieku Oświecenia.Tatiana W. Artiemjewa & Michał J. Mikeszin - 2009 - Zagadnienia Filozoficzne W Nauce 45.
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  19.  14
    Memory, Identity and Cognition: Explorations in Culture and Communication.Jacek Mianowski, Michał Borodo & Paweł Schreiber (eds.) - 2019 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    The book analyses a variety of topics and current issues in linguistics and literary studies, focusing especially on such aspects as memory, identity and cognition. Firstly, it discusses the notion of memory and the idea of reimagining, as well as coming to terms with the past. Secondly, it studies the relationship between perception, cognition and language use. It then investigates a variety of practices of language users, language learners and translators, such as the use of borrowings from hip-hop and slang. (...)
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  20. Making metaethics work for AI: realism and anti-realism.Michal Klincewicz & Lily E. Frank - 2018 - In Mark Coeckelbergh, M. Loh, J. Funk, M. Seibt & J. Nørskov, Envisioning Robots in Society – Power, Politics, and Public Space. pp. 311-318.
    Engineering an artificial intelligence to play an advisory role in morally charged decision making will inevitably introduce meta-ethical positions into the design. Some of these positions, by informing the design and operation of the AI, will introduce risks. This paper offers an analysis of these potential risks along the realism/anti-realism dimension in metaethics and reveals that realism poses greater risks, but, on the other hand, anti-realism undermines the motivation for engineering a moral AI in the first place.
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  21. Genomic Obsolescence: What Constitutes an Ontological Threat to Human Nature?Michal Klincewicz & Lily Frank - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (7):39-40.
  22. Professional Objections and Healthcare: More Than a Case of Conscience.Michal Pruski - 2019 - Ethics and Medicine 35 (3):149-160.
    While there is a prolific debate surrounding the issue of conscientious objection of individuals towards performing certain clinical acts, this debate ignores the fact that there are other reasons why clinicians might wish to object providing specific services. This paper briefly discusses the idea that healthcare workers might object to providing specific services because they are against their professional judgement, they want to maintain a specific reputation, or they have pragmatic reasons. Reputation here is not simply understood as being in (...)
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  23.  54
    Function and Malfunction in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences and Social Sciences.Michal Hladky, Paola Hernández-Chávez, Thomas Bonnin & David Suárez Pascal - 2018 - Biological Theory 13 (1):39-43.
  24.  12
    Relational conversations on meeting and becoming: the birth of a true other.Michal Barnea-Astrog & Mitchel Becker (eds.) - 2023 - New York, NY: Routledge.
    Demonstrating a relational, dialogic way of thinking and writing, this book offers an innovative perspective on the human potential for intersubjective engagement and on the nature of true encounter. The authors engage in creative, associative dialogues and trialogues inspired by psychoanalysis and Buddhism, poetry and religion, theory and case studies, academic and free styles of writing - each enriching the other. Reflecting on the essence of relating, they convey a flow between inner, private reveries and shared ones, and between individual (...)
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  25. Public reason, background culture, and the justification of legal change.Michal Rupniewski - 2019 - In Maciej Chmieliński & Michał Rupniewski, The Philosophy of Legal Change: Theoretical Perspectives and Practical Processes. New York: Routledge.
     
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  26. Państwo prawa na gruncie filozofii politycznej Immanuela Kanta – dwie interpretacje.Michał Wieczorkowski - 2019 - Archiwum Filozofii Prawa I Filozofii Społecznej 19 (1):108-124.
    The purpose of this article is to discuss Kant’s concept of juridical state as the foundation of the contemporary rule of law. Therefore, the article tries to answer two questions: (1) what character can be attributed to Kant’s concept of juridical state taking into account the obligations arising from it; (2) can the analysis of the Kantian juridical state have any impact on the contemporary understanding of the rule of law and if so, what can this impact be. In order (...)
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  27. Wittgenstein.Michał Dobrzański - 2023 - In David Bather Woods & Timothy Stoll, The Schopenhauerian mind. New York, NY: Routledge.
  28.  15
    Filozofia wobec świata zwierząt =.Dominika Dzwonkowska, Michał Latawiec & Justyna Tymieniecka-Suchanek (eds.) - 2015 - Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego.
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  29.  87
    Zwyczaje i obyczaje w filozofii prawa Herberta L. A. Harta.Michał Zabdyr-Jamróz - 2015 - Diametros 45:144-164.
    The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical framework – derived from the Herbert L.A. Hart’s philosophy of law – for the study of the phenomenon of habit and custom from the perspective of normativity. Its starting point is the Hart’s concept of “internal aspect of rules” as a necessary criterion for the rule’s normative character. The internal aspect exists in two forms: the “recognition” based on specific rules, and “acceptance”. The concept of acceptance reveals a difference between (...)
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  30. A Probabilistic Truth-Conditional Semantics for Indicative Conditionals.Michał Sikorski - 2022 - Semiotic Studies 35 (2):69-87.
    In my article, I present a new version of a probabilistic truth prescribing semantics for natural language indicative conditionals. The proposed truth conditions can be paraphrased as follows: an indicative conditional is true if the corresponding conditional probability is high and the antecedent is positively probabilistically relevant for the consequent or the probability of the antecedent of the conditional equals 0. In the paper, the truth conditions are defended and some of the logical properties of the proposed semantics are described.
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  31. Problem aktywizmu i prawotwórstwa sędziowskiego w świetle współczesnych teorii interpretacji.Michał Wieczorkowski - 2018 - Warsaw University Law Review 17 (2):169-200.
    It causes many difficulties for jurisprudence to define the notion of judicial activism. At the very beginning it had rather a journalistic character, but but over time it has become a serious charge against these judges who act on the basis of their vision of what the law ought to be like rather than what it actually is like. On the ground of the polish legal theory the echoes of the dispute about judicial activism are reflected in the discussions about (...)
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  32. On Parfit’s Wide Dual Person-Affecting Principle.Michal Masny - 2020 - Philosophical Quarterly 70 (278):114-139.
    In the posthumously published ‘Future People, the Non-Identity Problem, and Person-Affecting Principles’, Derek Parfit presents a novel axiological principle which he calls the Wide Dual Person-Affecting Principle and claims that it does not imply the Repugnant Conclusion. This paper shows that even the best version of Parfit's principle cannot avoid this conclusion. That said, accepting such a principle makes embracing the Repugnant Conclusion more justifiable. This paper further addresses important questions which Parfit left unanswered concerning: the relative importance of individual (...)
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  33. What Does Consciousness Have to Do With It? Quality of Life in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness.Michal Klincewicz & Lily E. Frank - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 7 (1):50-52.
  34. Consciousness Is More Complicated Than That: Theoretical Limitations of Interactive Capacity.Michal Klincewicz - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):38-39.
  35. Law, Philosophy and Responsibility: The Roman Ingarden Contribution.Michal Peno - manuscript
    This text is a kind of sketch and presents some simple ideas. The aim of this article is to carry out a critical and reflexive analysis of Roman Ingarden's philosophy of responsibility. Being a member of the phenomenological current, Ingarden mainly studied the ontological bases or conditions of responsibility by identifying different situations of responsibility. In this paper situations of responsibility have been analysed in the semantic contexts in which the word "responsibility" appears. Legally, the prescriptive contexts of using the (...)
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  36. (1 other version)Challenges and Problems of Neuroeconomics: Several Tasks for Social Scientists.Michal Müller - 2018 - Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 40 (2):133-156.
    Neuroscience is a fascinating discipline – its dynamic progress has led to the emergence of new interdisciplinary research programmes with great potential. One of these research areas is neuroeconomics. As will be shown in this article, this discipline, which is difficult to clearly characterize and define, is faced with many problems. This paper argues that social scientists should be interested in the problems and tendencies in social neuroscience for several reasons. Neuroeconomics, and other disciplines inspired by neuroscience, will compete with (...)
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  37.  21
    Filozoficznie prowokująca teoria kategorii.Michał Heller - 2018 - Philosophical Problems in Science 65:232-241.
    Recenzja książki: Elaine Landry, _Categories for the Working Philosopher_, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017, ss. xiv+471.
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  38.  24
    Going beyond Human Terrain System: Exploring Ethical Dilemmas.Michał Pawiński - 2018 - Journal of Military Ethics 17 (2-3):122-139.
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  39.  47
    A Question of Communication: The Role of Public Service Interpreting in the Migrant Crisis—Introduction.Michal Schuster & Lluís Baixauli-Olmos - 2018 - The European Legacy 23 (7-8):733-737.
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  40. Popularizace sociálních věd v kontextu digitálního a dialogického obratu.Michal Šimůnek - 2013 - Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 35 (1):55-81.
    Přibližně od druhé poloviny devadesátých let můžeme v sociálních vědách rozpoznat řadu tendencí, které nás opravňují hovořit o digitálním obratu v sociálněvědné praxi. Ačkoli důsledky digitalizace jsou pozorovatelné v mnoha oblastech sociálních věd, nejvýrazněji jsou zřejmě patrné ve znovuoživení očekávání spojovaných s tzv. dialogickým obratem a v diskusi rozpoutané kolem konceptu veřejné vědy. Tato studie vychází z kritického představení antologie a knihy-hypermédia Phillip VANNINI, Popularizing Research. Engaging New Genres, Media and Audiences. New York: Peter Lang 2012, 220 s.; Phillip VANNINI, (...)
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  41.  53
    Challenges of Transhumanism for Virtue Ethics.Michal Vivoda - 2023 - Human Affairs 33 (2):237-249.
    In this paper we consider some of the basic elements of virtue ethics in confrontation with selected ideas of representatives of trans- and post-humanism. Their ideas challenge us to re-justify and defend the uniqueness of man (the person) as a moral subject in his complex relational physical-psycho-spiritual unity. Using this holistic moral-anthropological vision, it is possible to justify the uniqueness of the human act as moral; the nature and significance of virtue as a moral disposition for a truly good and (...)
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  42. Habermas vs Fish – pytanie o możliwość porozumienia międzykulturowego.Michał Wieczorkowski - 2018 - Folia Iuridica Universitatis Wratislaviensis 7 (1):111-134.
    The purpose of the paper is to analyze the thesis that an agreement between representatives of two different cultures can and should be reached at a theoretical level. The author tries to verify the Theory of Communicative Action proposed by Jürgen Habermas in the light of philosophical reflections of American neopragmatist Stanley Fish. Habermas is one of the most important and widely read social theorists in the post-Second World War era. He is also one of the authors of the concept (...)
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  43. O technických obrazech v sociálních vědách.Michal Šimůnek - 2011 - Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 33 (4):617-642.
    Recenzní stať antologie David ČENĚK – Tereza PORYBNÁ, Vizuální antropologie – kultura žitá a viděná. Pavel Mervart: Červený Kostelec 2010, 332 s., postihuje vybrané tendence, které formují postavení technických obrazů v soudobých sociálních vědách. Po základním představení antologie a jejím zařazení do kontextu diskuse o vizuálních sociálních vědách se tak článek věnuje zejména třem klíčovým tématům: kritice a návrhům na transformaci subjekt-objektového vztahu; nástupu tzv. participatorních metod; požadavkům na vytváření mimotextových reprezentací a ustavení sdílené antropologie. Stať vždy nejdříve ilustruje, jak (...)
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  44.  61
    John Paul II’s legacy as a resource for fighting totalitarianism: Slovak experience.Michal Valco, Peter Šturák, Martina Pavlíková & Gabriel Paľa - 2020 - Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy (Philippine e-journal) 21 (Special Issue).
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  45. Základní principy Freudova Projektu vědecké psychologie.Michal Polák - 2014 - Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 36 (3):235-257.
    Stať se snaží analyzovat myšlenky málo známého rukopisu Sigmunda Freuda z roku 1895, v němž usiloval o nalezení biologických základů lidské psychiky. Tato práce je pozoruhodná ze dvou důvodů. Jednak představuje úvahy, které se výrazně od- lišují od toho, co je pro Freuda v oblasti psychologie tak typické. Freud se zde, až na výjimky, nezabývá psychoanalýzou či studiemi o hysterii, nýbrž popisuje, co by mohlo být základem těchto psychologických jevů na neurofyziologické úrovni. Druhým pozoruhodným faktem je, že tento manuskript byl (...)
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  46.  50
    Proper experimental design and implementation are necessary conditions for a balanced social psychology.Andreas Ortmann & Michal Ostatnicky - 2004 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (3):352-353.
    We applaud the authors' basic message. We note that the negative research emphasis is not special solely to social psychology and judgment and decision-making. We argue that the proposed integration of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and Bayesian analysis is promising but will ultimately succeed only if more attention is paid to proper experimental design and implementation.
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  47. Neopopperowski argument przeciw funkcjonalizmowi.Michał Pawłowski - 2019 - Filozofia Nauki 27 (3):77-86.
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  48. Challenges to engineering moral reasoners : time and context.Michal Klincewicz - 2017 - In Patrick Lin, Keith Abney & Ryan Jenkins, Robot Ethics 2.0: From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press. pp. 244-259.
    Programming computers to engage in moral reasoning is not a new idea (Anderson and Anderson 2011a). Work on the subject has yielded concrete examples of computable linguistic structures for a moral grammar (Mikhail 2007), the ethical governor architecture for autonomous weapon systems (Arkin 2009), rule-based systems that implement deontological principles (Anderson and Anderson 2011b), systems that implement utilitarian principles, and a hybrid approach to programming ethical machines (Wallach and Allen 2008). This chapter considers two philosophically informed strategies for engineering software (...)
     
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  49.  14
    Normatywność antycypacji a normatywność predykcji. Dwa podejścia: fenomenologia i teoria przetwarzania predykcyjnego.Michał Piekarski - 2017 - Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies 8 (3):25-56.
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  50.  25
    Being an abortion provider as a conflict of interest.Michal Pruski - 2022 - Catholic Medical Quarterly 72 (4):23.
    Dear Editor, -/- One of the recent changes in the UK cabinet, after Liz Truss became the Prime Minister, was that Dr Therese Coffey become the new Health Secretary. Some news outlets were quick to point out her anti-abortion stance (see e.g. (1–3)) and that this, according to them, might be a problem. While pro-lifers might not completely rejoice over this situation as Coffey stated that ‘she wouldn’t “seek to undo” abortion laws’(3), I do not wish to focus here on (...)
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