Classical epistemic logic describes implicit knowledge of agents about facts and knowledge of other agents based on semantic information. The latter is produced by acts of observation or communication that are described well by dynamic epistemic logics. What these logics do not describe, however, is how significant information is also produced by acts of inference— and key axioms of the system merely postulate "deductive closure". In this paper, we take the view that all information is produced by acts, and hence (...) we also need a dynamic logic of inference steps showing what effort on the part of the agent makes a conclusion explicit knowledge. Strong omniscience properties of agents should be seen not as static idealizations, but as the result of dynamic processes that agents engage in. This raises two questions: (a) how to define suitable information states of agents and matching notions of explicit knowledge, (b) how to define natural processes over these states that generate new explicit knowledge. To this end, we use a static base from the existing awareness literature, extending it into a dynamic system that includes traditional acts of observation, but also adding and dropping formulas from the current ' awareness' set. We give a completeness theorem, and we show how this dynamics updates explicit knowledge. Then we extend our approach to multi-agent scenarios where awareness changes may happen privately. Finally, we mention further directions and related approaches. Our contribution can be seen as a ' dynamification' of existing awareness logics. (shrink)

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of Spanish nurses in relation to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. In an online questionnaire completed by 390 nurses from Andalusia, 59.1% adequately identified a euthanasia situation and 64.1% a situation involving physician-assisted suicide. Around 69% were aware that both practices were illegal in Spain, while 21.4% had received requests for euthanasia and a further 7.8% for assisted suicide. A total of 22.6% believed that cases of euthanasia had (...) occurred in Spain and 11.4% believed the same for assisted suicide. There was greater support (70%) for legalisation of euthanasia than for assisted suicide (65%), combined with a greater predisposition towards carrying out euthanasia (54%), if it were to be legalised, than participating in assisted suicide (47.3%). Nurses in Andalusia should be offered more education about issues pertaining to the end of life, and extensive research into this area should be undertaken. (shrink)

Este trabajo parte de la pregunta por la posibilidad de deducir un planteamiento estrictamente político de los análisis ontológicos de la modernidad llevados a cabo por Martin Heidegger. Con este fin, se examina su interpretación del fenómeno griego de la pólis, así como la distinción que en ella se establece entre esta forma de comunidad y el Estado moderno, fundado para Heidegger en la esencia metafísica de la modernidad. Para clarificar esta cuestión se atiende a la proclamación de valores que (...) Heidegger observa en los diferentes modos de organización estatal que aparecen en la época de la consumación técnica de la metafísica. En conexión con ello, se estudia su visión del nihilismo y se ofrece finalmente una hipótesis sobre la forma de Estado que resultaría coherente con la renuncia a los valores que, a su juicio, exige la manifestación del ente en la modernidad como objeto por entero producible. (shrink)

Giorgio Agamben and Ludwig Wittgenstein seem to have very little in common: the former is concerned with traditional ontological issues while the latter was interested in logics and ordinary language, avoiding metaphysical issues as something we cannot speak about. However, both share a crucial notion for their philosophical projects: form of life. In this paper, I try to show that, despite their different approaches and goals, form of life is for both a crucial notion for thinking ethics and life in-common. (...) Addressing human existence in its constitutive relation to language, this notion deconstructs traditional dichotomies like bios and zoé, the cultural and the biological, enabling both authors to think of a life which cannot be separated from its forms, recognizing the commonality of logos as the specific trait of human existence. Through an analogical reading between both theoretical frameworks, I suggest that the notion of form-of-life, elaborated by Wittgenstein to address human production of meaning, becomes the key notion in Agamben's affirmative thinking since it enables us to consider the common ontologically in its relation to Human potentialities and to foresee a new, common use of the world and ourselves. Giorgio Agamben e Ludwig Wittgenstein parecem ter muito pouco em comum: o primeiro se ocupa de questões ontológicas tradicionais, enquanto o segundo estava interessado na Lógica e na linguagem corrente, evitando os problemas metafísicos como algo de que não podemos falar. No entanto, ambos partilham um conceito crucial para seus projetos filosóficos respectivos: forma de vida. Este artigo tento mostrar que, apesar de seus diferentes enfoques e objetivos, a noção de forma de vida é fundamental no momento de pensar a ética e a vida em-comum. Abordando a existência humana em sua relação constitutiva com a língua, essa noção desconstrói dicotomias tradicionais como bios e zoe, o cultural e o biológico, permitindo-lhes pensar uma vida que não pode ser separada de suas formas, e reconhecendo o caráter comum do logos como o traço específico da existência humana. Através de uma leitura analógica entre ambos quadros teóricos, sugiro que a noção de forma-de-vida, elaborada por Wittgenstein para abordar a produção humana de significados, tornase o conceito-chave do pensamento afirmativo de Agamben, já que nos permite considerar o comum ontologicamente em sua relação com as potencialidades humanas e vislumbrar um uso novo e comum do mundo e de nós mesmos. (shrink)

The crisis resilience of vital social systems is currently the target of constant development efforts in Finland, as their drifting into crisis would weaken societies’ functional abilities, safety, and security. This is also the case regarding the Finnish health care system. In an attempt to move beyond existing frameworks of crisis imagination, this article takes an unconventional stance by elucidating endogenous crisis dynamics present in the Finnish health care system. Delphi process was conducted for top experts in Finnish health care (...) and crisis management. With a dissensus-seeking orientation, our aim was to fertilize disagreements among panelists to reveal key vulnerabilities in the health system. Despite our efforts to evoke dissensus, the panelists ended up generating a consensus that aims to protect the underlying assumptions of the health system’s knowledge structure. Through inductive analysis of expert discourses, the data was analyzed through our research question “what constitutes a crisis-proof health system and a crisis-prone health system”. What is framed as a strength of the system by our panelists, namely the ability to maintain legitimacy, improve efficiency, and guarantee continuity, can still have questionable implications that are left ungrasped. A system’s theory approach illustrates how such effects can develop and escalate beyond the reach of social interventions, and thus be predisposed to cause objectionable yet concealed social crises. The discussion illustrates how these endogenous crisis dynamics could be seen to materialize in real-life cases. (shrink)

En las últimas dos décadas, la relación directa o indirecta de Kierkegaard con la nueva fenomenologíase ha vuelto un tópico de creciente interés. Haciendo eco de este ánimo, en este artículo pretendo leerdos niveles del pensamiento de Kierkegaard a partir de las directrices generales de la nuevafenomenología. El primer estadio refiere al carácter descentrado del sujeto kierkegaardiano frente aDios, modulación que se entrelaza con una inversión de la intencionalidad husserliana. Por otro lado,el segundo escalón apunta a la intersubjetividad, en tanto (...) el reconocimiento de y la responsabilidadhacia los otros. El objetivo es mostrar que Kierkegaard contribuye al proyecto de la nuevafenomenología no sólo como un crítico más de la metafísica moderna, sino también como proveedorde categorías reconstructivas del individuo y la comunidad. (shrink)

La dirección de Nemesio Antúnez entre 1962 y 1964, y las administraciones que le siguieron en el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo (MAC), son un caso ejemplar de las dinámicas político-culturales desarrolladas durante la Guerra Fría. Este artículo analiza esta gestión museal desde la historia intelectual y la historia cultural, trabajando las redes de pensamiento que rodearon a Antúnez y la disquisición entre su programación y la influencia norteamericana en ese momento, atendiendo a cómo el MAC se involucró en la guerra (...) fría cultural. De esta manera se busca aportar al conocimiento de las tramas institucionales que se dieron entre la intelectualidad periférica y los centros metropolitanos durante uno de los periodos claves del siglo XX, presentando ciertos programas expositivos que respondieron al impulso de los EE. UU. de inserción ideológica. (shrink)

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre el pensamiento de la comunidad en Giorgio Agamben y Roberto Esposito. Ambos interrogan lo común desde una perspectiva impolítica que intenta deconstruir los presupuestos de la metafísica y de la filosofía política tradicionales para poder elaborar una conceptualidad afirmativa en clave ontológica. En estos autores predomina el recurso a la figura de la comunidad, situada luego en el horizonte de la biopolítica, ya que la vida deviene el centro hacia el cual apuntarían los dispositivos de (...) poder y las formas de subjetivación política actuales. El trabajo plantea como interrogante si estos abordajes ontológicos logran dar cuenta plenamente de lo común en términos políticos o sólo éticos. (shrink)

La principal objeción contra al dualismo cartesiano en filosofía de la mente es que resulta incompatible con la ciencia. Se sostiene, en particular, que el principio de clausura causal del mundo físico y el teorema de preservación de la energía, así como el concepto de interacción dinámica de la física fundamental, desautorizan la postulación de interacciones causales entre sustancias pensantes y sustancias extensas. En este trabajo sostengo que esta conclusión es por lo menos apresurada y que no es un asunto (...) trivial refutar el dualismo cartesiano usando consideraciones empíricas. Mis tesis son: (i) que las críticas antidualistas basadas en premisas científicas colapsan en un reduccionismo metafísicamente implausible y (ii) que la teoría física no excluye la existencia de una relación de causación o interacción dinámica recurrente como la que se requiere para explicar la experiencia consciente, postulando un nexo pertinente entre mentes inmateriales y sistemas nerviosos. (shrink)

En confrontación con las interpretaciones que asignan un significado religioso o teológico a las referencias a los dioses, a lo sagrado, o al “último dios” presentes en la obra de Martin Heidegger, este trabajo defiende una lectura en clave estrictamente ontológica de tales referencias. Para ello, se remite al diálogo que Heidegger mantiene con la poesía de Hölderlin y se argumenta que el significado que atribuye a la invocación hölderliniana a los “dioses huidos” depende del carácter ontológico que, en otro (...) contexto, concede a la nominación de los dioses característica del decir poético griego. Ese mismo carácter se pone de manifiesto en el sentido que, según Heidegger, ostenta la apelación a “lo sagrado” de la poesía de Hölderlin como nombre poético del ser en su despliegue histórico. Finalmente, dicha interpretación se hace extensiva a la figura del “último dios”, resaltando que su comprensión pasa por atender a la exégesis heideggeriana de la cuestión de la huida de los dioses en la obra poética de Hölderlin. (shrink)

Epistemic logic with its possible worlds semantic model is a powerful framework that allows us to represent an agent’s information not only about propositional facts, but also about her own information. Nevertheless, agents represented in this framework are logically omniscient: their information is closed under logical consequence. This property, useful in some applications, is an unrealistic idealisation in some others. Many proposals to solve this problem focus on weakening the properties of the agent’s information, but some authors have argued that (...) solutions of this kind are not completely adequate because they do not look at the heart of the matter: the actions that allow the agent to reach such omniscient state. Recent works have explored how acts of observation, inference, consideration and forgetting affect an agent’s implicit and explicit knowledge; the present work focuses on acts that affect an agent’s implicit and explicit beliefs. It starts by proposing a framework in which these two notions can be represented, and then it looks into their dynamics, first by reviewing the existing notion of belief revision, and then by introducing a rich framework for representing diverse forms of inference that involve both knowledge and beliefs. (shrink)

Asumiendo que existe una fecunda relación histórica entre teología y fenomenología, este trabajo se propone señalar la especificidad y novedad de la fenomenología francesa actual, destacando la diferencia entre el modelo teológico del que esta última se nutre respecto del tipo de teología con el que dialoga la fenomenología histórica. En primer lugar, abordaremos la relación entre fenome-nología y teología ofrecida por Edmund Husserl, sosteniendo allí la presencia de una teología positiva, pues Dios es nombrado bajo términos tales como ἐντελέχεια, (...) “idea” y “substancia absoluta”. En segundo lugar, mostraremos el vínculo entre fenomenología y teología propuesto por Jean-Luc Marion a partir de su interpretación del pensamiento de Dionisio Areopagita como “teología pragmática de la ausencia”, tal como aparece en De surcroît. Finalmente, estableceremos un diálogo entre ambas propuestas. Sostendremos que puede hallarse una diferencia fundamental entre ellas. Por un lado, Husserl apela a una teología positiva, pues Dios irrumpe aquí en el horizonte de los Grenzprobleme de la fenomenología. Por el otro lado, afir-maremos que en Marion puede hallarse una apelación a la teología mística como búsqueda de un lenguaje que permita expresar el exceso. (shrink)

In Black Skin, white masks, Franz Fanon uses a psychoanalytic framework to theorize the inferiority-dependency complex of Black men in response to the colonial racism of white men. Applying his framework in reverse, this theoretical article psychoanalyzes the white psyche and emotionality with respect to the racialization process of whites and their racial attachment to Blackness. Positing that such a process is interconnected with narcissism, humanistic emptiness, and psychosis, this article presents how racial attachment becomes racial fetish. Such a fetish (...) reifies whiteness by accumulating fictive kinships with friends of color; hence, the common parlance of ‘But I have a Black friend!’ The article, then, overlays this theoretical interpretation onto the subject of teacher education in the US, specifically urban teacher education programs that are predominantly comprised of white middle-class females who claim a desire to ‘save’ urban students of color. Ending with the dangers and hopes of a more humanistic friendship, this article offers emotional ways one can self-actualize the racialization process. (shrink)

The concept of “revolutionary myth” is the idea of Georges Sorel most influential in the thinking of José Carlos Mariátegui. However, this concept does not work the same way in both authors, mainly because it is applied in each case on markedly different national situations, such as France and Peru in the early twentieth century. For this reason it is important, regardless of the theoretical similarities, expressed as the difference between a general strike myth, linked to European industrial proletariat, and (...) another characterized around the social revolution, linked to the masses of the indigenous peasantry. In both cases we see that such concepts are functional to an extension of the limits of Marxism beyond Stalinism and the III International. (shrink)

This article explores the strategic management of government affairs in companies active in the EU. The article relies on a unique large-N dataset on the functioning and staffing of EU government affairs. The analysis shows that companies delegate government affairs functions to in-house managers with specific competences, who stay in office for long periods and who have an extensive knowledge of the core competences of the company, thanks to their educational background and work experience in the private sector. These findings (...) suggest that how companies strategically manage and staff government affairs in Brussels rests on the distinct structure of business–government relations in the EU, which are based on the exchange of technical information and the establishment of credibility and long-run trust arrangements. (shrink)

McTaggart famously introduced the A- and B-series as rival metaphysical accounts of time. This paper shall reorient the debate over the original distinction. Instead of treating the series as competing theories about the nature of time, it will be argued that they are different viewpoints on a world that is fundamentally physical. To that end, non-reductive physicalism is proposed to reconcile the series.

Con el objetivo de contribuir al diálogo sugerido por Heidegger entre su pensamiento y la obra de Marx, este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto la confluencia existente entre la interpretación heideggeriana de la modernidad y el análisis llevado a cabo por Marx en El capital del modo de producción capitalista. Para ello se estudia la prevalencia que, desde su perspectiva ontológica, Heidegger otorga a la idea del producir en la época moderna a partir de la transformación del sentido de la (...) poíesis griega y en conexión con la esencia de la técnica, a la vez que se defiende el carácter igualmente ontológico que cabe atribuir a la noción marxiana de mercancía. En atención a la concepción del tiempo uniformizado y homogéneo que subyace a dicha noción, equivalente al establecido en la ciencia moderna, se plantea además la tesis de que la presencia moderna del ente como objeto incondicionalmente producible y calculable descrita por Heidegger coincide con la constitución de las cosas en mercancías como productos del trabajo que revela El capital. (shrink)

The concept of psychological trauma is polysemous and remains a subject of ongoing debate among scholars and researchers. One of the most significant discussions surrounding the definition of trauma is the relationship between traumatic events (TE), traumatic memory (TM) and trauma response (TR). Several definitions of trauma provided by world-renowned organizations present the TE as the primary element, suggesting a necessary causal relationship in which the TE is antecedent, and the TM and TR are consequent. I call this the _strong (...) causal view_. In this article, I argue that the strong causal view is problematic as it does not sufficiently account for important trauma-related effects that pose anomalies for the causal position. I argue in favor of two claims. First, in defining psychological trauma, we must move beyond the need for a strong TE-dependent causal relationship and instead adopt a _weak causal view_. To support this, I review the discussion of causation in philosophy of memory that pits causal theories against postcausal theories, and propose two principles that can aid this transition. Second, I propose that among the three elements, TR should be the most critical in defining trauma. My aim is to support those definitions of psychological trauma that focus on TR, as I believe they offer greater explanatory power —especially regarding anomalies that challenge the strong causal view— and are more centered on the survivors' experience than those focused on TE. (shrink)

In his article “La verdad y el éxito de la ciencia: A propósito de un artículo de P. Kyle Stanford” (2002), Manuel Comesaña addresses fundamental questions about the nature and success of science, taking P. Kyle Stanford’s article as a reference for his critical analysis. Although the central focus of both works is not specifically on the Copernican Revolution, it is relevant to analyse how both authors use this historical example from astronomy to illustrate their metaphysical commitments. Rigorous analysis of (...) this historiographical episode will provide better foundations for the broader discussion of the realism-anti-realism debate. It is for this reason that we will undertake a critical study and subsequent correction of the way in which both authors set up their accounts to exemplify their positions. What we have come to contribute with our commentary is not a position that attempts to account for the success of the anti-realist proposals that the authors are interested in debating, but rather we intend to shed light on the treatment given to the historical case in order to clarify certain obscure points in the debate. (shrink)

La investigación que se presenta tiene como objetivo el análisis teórico de los cruces entre la filosofía y el Daseinsanalyse de Binswanger en la producción temprana de Michel Foucault en la década del cincuenta. Se pretende realizar un análisis teórico de los argumentos en los que se apoyan una serie de postulados valorativos y críticas a la psicología y al psicoanálisis. A su vez, estos argumentos derivan del análisis de la antropología binswangeriana. Los postulados existenciales sobre la enfermedad mental, la (...) reelaboración de críticas filosóficas de principios del siglo XX a la psicología naturalista, el problema de las relaciones entre la facticidad, la existencia concreta y la expresión histórica de la libertad, son algunos de los tópicos que se abordan. (shrink)

Se investiga la metodología estructural deHistoire de la folie à l’ageclassique. Se sos- tiene que Michel Foucault, a partir de los trabajos de George Dumézil, elabora el concepto de experiencia para dar fundamento a las diversas experiencias históricas de la locura. La experiencia epocal, desarrollada en aquel texto, apela a una causalidad estructural que proviene del esquema de la trifuncionalidad ideológica indoeuropea de las obras de Dumézil.

“Michel Foucault and the Tragic Structure. An Early Nietzschean Reading of Tragedy”. The purpose of this article is to investigate the statute of the tragic in Michel Foucault’s early texts, especially in the original preface of Histoire de la folie à l’age classique. It will be argued that in his early reading of Nietzsche, Foucault elaborates the concept of tragic structure to give foundation, in epistemic sense, to the historical experiences of madness. Subsequently, we will trace the different formulations on (...) tragic in Foucault’s early texts. The concept of tragic appears on these texts as a term to identify the negativity and of the oblivion in the field of the psychological knowledge. Finally, we will explain how Foucault re-elaborates Nietzsche’s concept of the tragic to expose an underlying determination to the history. The battle between the dionysian and apollonian elements defines the status of this experience. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analizará una serie de esfuerzos teóricos recientes vinculados a la posible redefinición y aprehensión conceptual de los fenómenos de ideología en las sociedades contemporáneas. El estudio desplegará algunos de los problemas que se presentan al interior de esta clase de esfuerzos conceptuales, enfocando especialmente en el contexto del pensamiento político de raíces postestructurales y lacanianas. Se observará, en suma, el modo en que dichas redefiniciones confrontan con ciertas dificultades o generan tensiones conceptuales debido al tipo de presupuestos (...) epistémicos más vastos desde los que las búsquedas parten. La puesta en relieve y el análisis de algunos de estos problemas constituye el objeto principal del presente estudio. (shrink)

La teoria della conoscenza può essere intesa in due modi diversi, a seconda di che cosa si intende per conoscenza. In un primo senso, per conoscenza si intende il processo mediante cui conosciamo. In un secondo senso la conoscenza è intesa come il risultato di tale processo, ossia come sinonimo di sapere. Questi due significati sono riflessi nei diversi termini con cui vengono denotati in altre lingue. Mentre una teoria della conoscenza intesa come sapere non ha relazioni significative con le (...) neuroscienze (ma piuttosto con discipline filosofiche come la logica, la metodologia, la semiotica, l'ontologia), una teoria dei processi conoscitivi ha rapporti significativi con le neuroscienze, e fin dall'antichità i filosofi hanno riconosciuto nel cervello il supporto fisico delle attività cognitive superiori. Con ciò, tuttavia, le neuroscienze non possono presentarsi come surrogato di una teoria filosofica del conoscere, in quanto i processi cognitivi debbono essere preliminarmente definiti in sede filosofica, al fine di poter studiare le loro correlazioni (bidirezionali) con fenomeni nervosi. (shrink)

En el presente ensayo se propone una lectura de la obra Taberna y otros lugares (1969) de Roque Dalton. Se considera que es oportuno pensar la figura del poeta salvadoreño a la luz, no simplemente de los exilios políticos, sino también de la privación (en términos genéricos) de la figura del poeta de sus antiguas funciones en –lo que Ángel Rama denominó– la ciudad letrada. La ciudad modernizada (Rama, 1984) expulsó al poeta de su lugar privilegiado, lo que provoca un (...) trauma y una búsqueda novedosa. En ese contexto, el poeta redefine su voz y la literatura sufre una reterritorialización, es decir, redefine sus márgenes. En América Latina, el problema fue abordado por José Martí que incluso propuso nuevos desafíos a la disciplina (como el problema de la identidad latinoamericana). Se cree que Taberna y otros lugares (1969) retoma estas búsquedas y se arriesga la hipótesis ue, al redefinir su campo, la obra de Dalton puede ser leída no solo en clave literaria, sino también historiográfica desde una mirada benjaminiana. (shrink)

En este articulo se interpreta teoría y práctica de la historieta durante la Unidad Popular chilena desde aspectos contextuales y sociales, intermediales y culturales. La teoría se expone a partir del popular ensayo Cómo leer al Pato Donald (1972) de Ariel Dorfman y Armand Mattelart como crítica al cómic de Disney pero también como implícita propuesta de una práctica distinta. Como contraste práctico se estudiarán dos ejemplos de las revistas de la Editora Nacional Quimantú Cabrochico y El manque. En estas (...) historietas, basadas en la evaluación crítica de Dorfman y Mattelart, logran distinta articulaciones entre narrativa visual, la política y la recepción de los lectores. (shrink)

El objetivo principal de este artículo es sostener que el sentimiento de lo sublime - tal como es planteado por Kant en la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar- supone el vínculo de la mente con el cuerpo propio. De otro modo, no podríamos explicar la variación de las fuerzas vitales que caracteriza al sentimiento de lo sublime. Ahora bien, la conciencia de la propia corporalidad constituye una condición necesaria - aunque no suficiente- del sentimiento de lo sublime. Consideramos que (...) además de la conciencia de las propias fuerzas vitales, el sentimiento de lo sublime supone la referencia a un principio espiritual. Por estos motivos, creemos que el sentimiento de lo sublime implica una superposición del sentimiento de vida y el sentimiento del espíritu. Con el fin de iluminar algunos aspectos problemáticos presentes en la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar, analizaremos algunos pasajes pertenecientes a la Antropología en sentido pragmático. The principal aim of this article is to support that the feeling of the sublime -as it is considered by Kant in the Critique of the power of Judgment- supposes the link of the mind with the own body. Otherwise, we might not explain the variation of the vital forces that characterizes the feeling of the sublime. However, the conscience of the own corporeality constitutes a necessary condition -though not sufficient- of the feeling of the sublime. We think that besides the conscience of the own vital forces, the feeling of the sublime supposes the reference to a spiritual principle. For these reasons, we think that the feeling of the sublime implies an overlapping of the feeling of life and the feeling of the spirit. In order to illuminate some problematic aspects in the Critique of the Power of Judgment, we will analyze some passages belonging to the Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. (shrink)

La afinidad entre Hannah Arendt y Claude Lefort puede ser rastreada a través de diversos ejes: la cercanía y la distancia en la interpretación que ambos hacen del totalitarismo, la indagación en torno al problema de la igualdad en la modernidad, la interrogación sobre el estatuto de los derechos humanos o el intento renovado por ambos por pensar los acontecimientos sin barandillas. En este artículo me propongo abordar estos ejes de manera tangencial: rastreando la manera en la que Lefort lee (...) La condición humana, intentaré identificar las razones que lo llevan a considerar que —a pesar de entender que Arendt es, sino la mejor, una de las más afines compañeras en la empresa de “restaurar la filosofía política”— su obra ofrece a la vez un punto de partida y un límite para repensar lo político. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Argentina has a rich history of social movements, of which the transgender is one of the most notorious and resilient. In this work, I present South American Transvestite Theory, its latest theoretical development, in the light of Deleuzian thought. Although Deleuze is not an actual source for this current, both can be productively connected as sharing several themes and concerns, such as the tight relation between creative thought and political practice, the ontological and practical consequences of the concepts of (...) identity and becoming, and the rejection of binary models as an underlying structure of hierarchical thought and social oppression. The potentiality of the encounter between Deleuze and South American Transvestite Theory will be explored via four heuristic questions, reminiscent of the Aristotelian causes, which respectively ask about their concrete intersections, their formal connections, the effects they could trigger and the reasons to read them together. (shrink)

En este libro se analizan las cuestiones éticas que se plantean en el tratamiento de los seres humanos enfermos en la fase prenatal e inmediatamente postnatal. El título podría dar la impresión de que toda la atención se focaliza sobre lo que es éticamente correcto hacer con el recién nacido al cual le quedan pocas horas de vida. Pero esta es solo la parte más llamativa del problema que, en realidad es más amplio y concierne también a la tendencia bastante (...) común a deshacerse del feto que sea portador de enfermedades o disfunciones, verdaderas o supuestas. (shrink)

Darwin diceva che le specie si trasformavano per poter sopravvivere: arriva un terremoto, un’inondazione e solo chi sa correre rapidamente o chi sa nuotare vive. Ok, ma cosa ci dice questa teoria sui cambiamenti che non portano a migliori possibilità di sopravvivere o di riprodursi? Ben poco. Perché nel corso dei secoli i denti molari dell’uomo si sono ridotti di dimensioni, così come le dita dei piedi? Certo non per sopravvivere e riprodursi meglio. Gli autori riportano nel corso di questa (...) rassegna vari esempi che la teoria di Darwin non riesce a spiegare e delle possibili spiegazioni alternative, asseverate da esperimenti scientifici validati e consacrati dalla comunità scientifica. Darwin aveva torto? Certamente no! Ma come tutte le opere della scienza richiede revisioni e miglioramenti. (shrink)

Volume 32, Issue 6, August 2019, Page 995-999.

In this paper, I aim to show the evolution of Kierkegaard’s views on the state scattered in his Papers. To do this, I will carry out an analysis divided into chronological periods, and I will characterize each period in terms of its main features. The goal is to give a comprehensive account of Kierkegaard as a champion of the monarchical and authoritative state, who loses his patience and attacks the established order only when he thinks that Christianity’s truth is at (...) the greatest risk. This interpretation contrasts both with a mere despotic Kierkegaard and with a more liberal one. (shrink)

In the following, I will trace the presence of Montesquieu in Arendt’s work, giving an account of both Arendt’s praise for the French writer’s particular way of thinking the political and his approach to problems that will become central to the development of Arendt’s own thought. Firstly, I will follow Arendt down the path that led her to discover fundamental tools in Montesquieu for understanding totalitarianism “with eyes unclouded by philosophy.” Secondly, I will track the way in which the Arendtian (...) reconceptualization of some key political words—power, law and freedom—is threaded through with her reading of the French author. Thirdly, I will look into the way in which Montesquieu’s formulation of a particular link between what Arendt calls the basic experience and the political regime, allows her to go on to discover a criteria that makes it possible to distinguish between political and anti-political ways of living together; and allows us to see that there is a phenomenally essential element within tyranny and totalitarianism that ensures that it “develops the germs of its own destruction the moment it comes into existence.”. (shrink)

There is a longstanding debate in the stakeholder literature as to who and what really counts as the stakeholders of the firm. Likewise, there have been discussions on whether nature should be considered a stakeholder of the firm. However, one seldom encounters any definitions of the key concepts, that is of nature or the natural environment . We seek to contribute to the debate by taking a closer look at what this thing called nature actually is. In addition, we discuss (...) the implications of this conceptual refinement for the stakeholder model. In order to reinforce the status of the natural environment in the stakeholder model, we propose that any visualisation of a stakeholder network should be embedded in the natural environment. (shrink)

The confinement of the population into their homes as a result of COVID-19 has entailed a notable increase in the consumption of diverse media. This exploratory study aimed to examine how the increase in media consumption was related to subjective happiness and psychological well-being. For this purpose, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of Spanish adults to assess their consumption of different media before and during confinement. Moreover, participants were evaluated for hedonic, eudaimonic, social, and experienced happiness by using (...) the Pemberton Happiness Index. The results underlined the great increase in the consumption of TV for entertainment and social networking sites during confinement. Furthermore, it was found that higher consumption was negatively correlated with the level of happiness, so that, people who reported greater well-being, both subjective and psychological, spent less time watching TV and using SNS. In contrast, no association was found between the level of happiness and the consumption of news and radio. Therefore, it seems that far from cultivating greater happiness, those who engaged in heavy consumption of TV entertainment and SNS during confinement were less happy than those who did so more moderately and spent more time using other media or performing other activities. (shrink)

El presente trabajo procura analizar la lectura de Jean-Luc Marion sobre el concepto de αἰτíα de Dionisio Areopagita, haciendo hincapié en su interpretación de una causalidad concebida desde un plano lingüístico. En primer lugar, proponemos una lectura general del concepto de causalidad en la tradición neoplatónica y su versión específica en la obra de Dionisio Areopagita. En segundo lugar, examinamos las primeras lecturas ofrecidas por Marion sobre la αἰτíα dionisiana a la luz del concepto de alabanza (ὑμνεῖν), tal como puede (...) encontrarse en su temprano artículo “Distance et Louange” (1971), y su obra L´ idole et la distance (1977). En tercer lugar, estudiamos su interpretación de la obra dionisiana como una “teología pragmática de la ausencia” en De surcroît (2001). Finalmente, mostramos tensiones entre esta interpretación y diversas formulaciones de Marion sobre la causalidad en Étant donné y De surcroît. (shrink)

This paper focuses on Carl Schmitt’s interpretation of Thomas Hobbes. We will argue that, for Carl Schmitt, the first modern answer to the problem of the absence of a transcendent foundation for the political order was to be found in Hobbes’ theory. In two phases, we examine the tension that Schmitt finds in the Hobbesian solution to the problem of truth in politics. First, we present some problems that Schmitt encountered in Hobbes’ solution, focusing on Schmitt’s interpretation of the Hobbesian (...) distinction between inner faith and outer confession. Second, we outline some difficulties that arise from Schmitt’s interpretation of this problem. (shrink)

El punto de partida de este trabajo es el objetivo general de explorar las resonancias conceptuales entre la filosofía de Deleuze y Guattari y el pensamiento oriental. Este artículo desarrolla dos series de figuras del Oriente presentes en Mil mesetas, explicitando sus conexiones con diversos temas deleuziano-guattarianos. La primera serie comprende juegos y artes marciales que los autores utilizan para ejemplificar los conceptos "espacio liso" y "máquina de guerra"; la segunda comprende las prácticas sexuales taoístas como un caso, entre otros, (...) de la libre circulación del deseo en un cuerpo sin órganos. El énfasis está puesto en aclarar cómo operan estas figuras del Oriente en el texto de Mil mesetas, así como en exponer algunas fuentes que Deleuze y Guattari suelen dejar en las sombras. Por último, se adelantará el trasfondo sobre el cual el pensamiento oriental y la filosofía de Deleuze y Guattari tejen sus "perturbadoras afinidades". The starting point for this work is a general aim to explore the conceptual resonances between Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy and the Eastern thought. This paper develops two series of figures from the East that appear in A Thousand Plateaus and brings out their connection with various Deleuzian-Guattarian themes. The first series includes some games and martial arts used by the authors as examples for the concepts "smooth space" and "war machine". The second series includes some Taoist sexual practices as one of many cases for the free circulation of desire within a body without organs. The emphasis is laid on clarifying the role these figures from the East play in A Thousand Plateaus, as well as on unveiling some sources the authors usually leave hidden behind. Finally, i figure out the background against which the Eastern thought and Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy weave their 'disturbing affinities'. (shrink)

Since its emergence, the contemporary environmental problem has become an object of analysis and intervention both for ecology (area of biology) and for different intergovernmental organizations with a global reach. In both fields, a series of conceptual frameworks have been developed aimed at addressing ecological changes, that is, those alterations that affect units that are the object of study of ecology. The aim of this paper is to clarify and contrast the ways in which disturbance ecology (a recent field within (...) ecology) and different intergovernmental organizations conceptualize and approach ecological change. To do this, we make an analytical comparison between the ecological concept of ‘disturbance’ and the notion of ‘driver’ coming from intergovernmental organizations. In the comparison, we observe that these concepts seek to explain similar processes of ecological change under the same causal logic, although they show important differences in the treatment of the initial conditions that allow them to be studied. We conclude that the notion of ‘driver’ leads to an epistemological impoverishment in relation to the concept of ‘disturbance’. Finally, we discuss some implications of this epistemological problem, given that it is the impoverished notion of ‘driver’ that is imposed on the international context when explaining an ecological change, and materialized in guidelines which are recognized by nations around the world. Thus, this impoverishment is transferred to the field of public policy. It is urgent to rethink to what extent we are contributing to the construction and reproduction of an epistemologically impoverished environmental problem. (shrink)

En continuidad con una investigación previa, este trabajo se propone mostrar la importancia del tema del silencio en la interpretación heideggeriana de la poesía de Hölderlin y analizar el sentido ontológico que en ella adquiere. Para ello se indaga sobre la íntima conexión que Heidegger establece entre el silencio y el decir poético de Hölderlin, en la problemática pretensión que le atribuye de decir el ser salvaguardando a un tiempo su carácter indecible. Comprender tal pretensión exigirá atender al descubrimiento del (...) poeta de la simultánea alteridad y dependencia de la modernidad con respecto a Grecia, y estudiar el modo en que esta cuestión determina tanto su poetizar como los recursos que, a juicio de Heidegger, utiliza para hacer aparecer el ser en su palabra como lo no-dicho. Following a previous research, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of silence in the Heideggerian interpretation of Hölderlin's poetry, and to analyze the ontological nature that this topic acquires in it. In order to do so, it explores how intimately Heidegger connects the idea of silence and Hölderlin's poetical saying, to which he attributes the problematic endeavour of saying the Being whilst safeguarding its unsayable nature. To fully fathom this effort, special attention should be paid to the poet's discovery of the simultaneous alterity and dependence of modernity with regard to Greece, and to the study of the way in which this matter determines his poetry, as well as the poetical resources which, according to Heidegger, he uses in order to make the Being appear in his saying as the unsaid. (shrink)