This paper argues against the widely held view according to which the main difference between shame and pride, and the rest of our emotions – such as fear, hate, surprise, joy or jealousy – is that the former are necessarily directed at the self as the intentional object of the emotion while the latter are typically oriented towards objects in the world other than the self. I examine three arguments in favour of this view and claim that further arguments should (...) be provided in order to show that shame and pride are necessarily directed at oneself – the doer – rather than at an object different from the self – the deed. Este artículo cuestiona la concepción ampliamente aceptada según la cual la principal diferencia entre la vergüenza y el orgullo, y el resto de nuestras emociones —miedo, odio, sorpresa, alegría o celos— es que las primeras se dirigen necesariamente al yo como objeto intencional de la emoción, mientras que las segundas se encuentran típicamente orientadas hacia objetos del mundo distintos del yo. Examino tres argumentos a favor de esta concepción y sostengo que el defensor de la misma debería aportar nuevos argumentos que muestren que la vergüenza y el orgullo se dirigen necesariamente a uno mismo —el agente— y no a un objeto distinto del yo —el acto. (shrink)

Clarke and Beck discuss in their sections on congruency and confounds literature that has challenged the claim that the approximate number system represents numerical content. We argue that the propositions put forward by these studies aren't that far from the indirect model of number perception suggested by C&B.

The main aim of the study was to check: attachment-related differences in alexithymia and the mediating role of mind-mindedness in attachment-alexithymia relationship. Method: Attachment, alexithymia and mind-mindedness were measured in the sample of 128 Polish undergraduates. Results: Positive associations were seen between attachment anxiety and overall alexithymia scores and difficulty identifying emotions. Attachment avoidance was positively associated with overall alexithymia score, difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking. Mind-mindedness was not related to neither attachment or alexithymia. Conclusion: There are attachment-related (...) differences in alexithymia, but mind-mindedness seems not to mediate attachment-alexithymia relationship. (shrink)

Psychiatric disorders like eating disorders might be underpinned by differences in decision making. However, little previous research has investigated this potential relationship using longitudinal data. This study aimed to understand how components of decision making measured by the Cambridge Gambling Task in the United Kingdom’s Millennium Cohort Study at age 11 might explain clusters/types of ED prodrome involving body dissatisfaction, intention to lose weight, dietary restraint, excessive exercise and significant under/overweight measured in the MCS at age 14. Latent class analysis (...) revealed two groups within the cohort: a non-prodromal eating pathology group, who were more likely to be of “average” weight, according to the UK90, with minimal disordered attitudes and behaviors in relation to eating and weight; and a second group with prodromal eating pathology, who had more body dissatisfaction, a desire to lose weight, were using dietary restriction and exercise to influence weight and were more likely to be “overweight” according to the UK90. Logistic regression showed that, after adjustment for confounding, higher risk-taking scores were associated with a 60% greater probability of being in the prodromal eating pathology group, and higher scores on quality of decision making were associated with a 30% lower probability of being in the prodromal eating pathology group. Helping young people to engage in moderate risk taking and improving decision making might reduce the later presence of ED prodromes. (shrink)

Ce volume envisage l'amour en tant qu'objet polymorphe : Eros, Philia, Agapé, mais aussi Storgé. Les mots grecs rendent compte, du large spectre amoureux : amour romantique, amour sexuel, amour de soi, de l'autre, pour l'autre... des catégories qui placent les manifestations du sentiment amoureux dans un espace de contraintes et de possibilités qui relève du social et du discursif. Les travaux qui sont ici réunis s'attachent ainsi à interroger des genres artistiques et discursifs dans lesquels s'ancre l'amour, ils abordent (...) la littérature et le cinéma, mais aussi l'histoire, l'histoire des idées, la sociologie l'ethnologie ou la psychologie. Ces recherches mettent en avant que l'amour constitue une manière d'appréhender et d'expliquer le monde puisqu'on peut lire à travers lui les rapports qui définissent nos sociétés et qui le définissent à leur tour. (shrink)

En este trabajo, a partir de un repaso de la hipótesis Nietzsche en la concepción foucaulteana de la genealogía del poder y de la constitución de los Estados modernos, se trata de ver de cerca el �caso Argentina�, en alguno de los autores fundacionales, en especial la impronta de la recepción sociobiológica que permitió la configuración ideológica de las principales instituciones estatales en la llamada �generación del ´80�. El evolucionismo fue la herramienta científica, el discurso debajo del cual se encubrieron (...) los intereses políticos por higienizar el cuerpo social, para someter cuando no exterminar a las �razas inferiores�, a los gauchos, indios, negros y sirvió para legitimar las políticas de sojuzgamiento, dominación y aniquilamiento de los sectores sociales que resultaban superfluos en el nuevo orden. (shrink)

We analyse the role of a theatrical script and its relation to the literary work and the theatrical performance. We put forward an Argument from Modality, which demonstrates structural and functional differences between literary works and theatrical scripts. Next, we answer some potential challenges to our argument. We demonstrate that the failure to realize the far-reaching consequences of a clear distinction between the literary work and the theatrical script is a source of confusion in the debate on the relata of (...) the relation of interpretation. In particular, we show that the relation of interpretation does not hold directly between the literary work and the theatrical performance. It is mediated by the script. The script interprets the literary work by filling in its places of indeterminacy and adjusting it for stage purposes. Moreover, the script, which is a set of instructions, is executed rather than interpreted in a theatrical performance. (shrink)

This book proposes an approach to Eurocentrism as a paradigm of knowledge production and interpretation rooted in the Western narrative of modernity and its racial governmentalities. It contributes to the critique of the contemporary workings of Eurocentrism and racism that have frustrated the struggles for the decolonization of knowledge and continue to shape our understandings of the world order in racially hierarchical terms, by re-centering the West/Europe"--Provided by publisher.

Para muchos, el sujeto moderno se origina en la Reforma protestante. Si esto es así, deberíamos encontrar el embrión de estas ideas fundacionales en los textos políticos de Juan Calvino (1509-1564), reformador de Ginebra y padre de una de las corrientes principales del protestantismo. Sin embargo, frente al tópico, el lector encontrará en esta selección de escritos políticos, a un Calvino para quien Dios sigue siendo la fuente de toda autoridad, el pueblo carece de cualquier tipo de legitimidad política y (...) la Biblia ha de ser la fuente de inspiración moral y social. Sin embargo, su influencia es innegable en debates tan centrales para laposteridad como las disputas sobre el derecho de resistencia durante las guerras de religión en Francia, la tolerancia política en la Holanda del siglo XVII, o la vinculación entre libertad política y libertad de conciencia del siglo XVIII americano. Esta edición pretende poner en evidencia la complejidad del legado de Calvino. (shrink)

This book presents a novel interpretation of Aristotle's account of how shame instils virtue, and defends its philosophical import. Shame is shown to provide motivational continuity between the actions of the learners and the virtuous dispositions that they will eventually acquire.

Les vœux du nouvel an à la nation constituent un genre d’allocutions présidentielles traditionnellement rattachées aux grands discours du Président de la République. Le temps du bilan de l’année écoulée, de même que l’annonce de l’agenda politique pour l’année qui suit, sont autant de sujets dans la communication politique de l’Élysée pour s’adresser aux citoyens et leur parler d’eux-mêmes, du pays, du récit national en cours et à écrire. Le cas échéant, les vœux aux Français constituent une opportunité dans le (...) calendrier pour actualiser la vision ou le projet politique que porte le Président, renouveler aussi l’image de celui-ci dans le regard du citoyen. Cependant, la scène englobante d’énonciation infléchit ce genre discursif vers un certain lyrisme : la solennité du 31 décembre appelle en effet un temps de pause pour porter un regard réflexif sur l’expérience citoyenne empirique, en particulier sur le « faire commun » en tant que membre de la communauté nationale. Dans ce contexte d’énonciation, le discours du chef de l’État met donc en jeu et actualise l’imaginaire social collectif autour du sentiment d’appartenance à un destin national évocateur. Or, si le pathos est bien inscrit dans l’écriture des vœux du nouvel an à la nation, son emploi surprend l’auditeur ou le lecteur attentif car il déjoue l’empathie du Président envers le citoyen et réoriente l’usage de ces discours. La rhétorique du pathos dans les vœux a tendance au contraire à inverser le rapport d’identification et d’adhésion du citoyen à un projet pour la nation dicté par le chef de l’État. Et cette intention politique sous-jacente se joue notamment dans les ressorts stylistiques de la littérarité et dans le travail sur le verbe présidentiel prétendument lyrique et porteur d’une proposition de récit actualisé et souhaité au nom de et pour la nation française. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is to describe the column as a type of text. This text type has its roots back in the 19th century France. But at the beginning this text type had a totally different character, different form, aim and features. It was a part of newspaper, where novels, critiques and poems were posted. Nowadays there may occur a problem to define the term ‘column’. Generally it is the text type with a polemical and derisive character, which (...) serves as the entertainment, but sometimes the term ‘column’ still refers to a part of the newspaper. This article defines the term and how this text type has developed through the time. (shrink)

In this article I consider a certain characteristic of our times as a “secular age,” namely, a series of complications in our understanding of transgression. Transgression implies the presence of some rules and laws which can be violated. As long as the rules and laws are perceived as right, as a way of protecting the values which would otherwise perish, transgression appears to be a wrong thing to do, a misdeed, a criminal act. Needless to say, the very conceptual structure (...) makes sense only provided that the distinctions between right and wrong, good and evil, lawful and lawless are not arbitrary, which, in turn, depends on the presence of the concept of truth. In the secular age, though, the concept of truth becomes not only difficult to handle, since it is incompatible with the modern frame of mind, but also assumes some derogatory connotations, up to the point when to insist on the distinction between (truly) right and (truly) wrong is in itself a wrong thing to do. That is the state of contemporary societies which G. K. Chesterton examines in his work Heretics. The effect of Chesterton’s reflections is a new map of right/wrong, good/evil, lawless/lawful permutations. After Chesterton, I comment on the character of a new heretic, one for whom transgression, understood as the attack on buried-for-long orthodoxy, is too easy a thing to do. To illustrate the mentioned changes of perspective, I refer to an exemplary criminal figure of the West, that is, the biblical serpent, and its criticism. (shrink)

The contribution addresses a possible implication of Arendt’s ideas in the constitution of an education committed to offering a place where the uniqueness and free expression of subjects can multiply (Arendt, 1961). According to Arendt’s perspective, uniqueness is present in all human activities, but only action fully realizes it. Since action is always unpredictable, it is not possible to presume in advance what form and in what way uniqueness will manifest itself. Following this argument, we will argue that the unpredictability (...) of action, as defined by Arendt, submits a critical analysis of the educational models that guide the aims of educational action: to be brought out and germinated for what we do not yet know and for the uniqueness that each generation brings itself. This perspective invites us to rethink the questions through which we problematize educational action. (shrink)

Plato's Republic VII suggests that if we ask someone to philosophize when they are too young, they can become corrupted (537e–539d). Republic VII also suggests that to avoid this corruption, we must not expose youth to argument (539a–b). This is not a reasonable option outside of Kallipolis, so a question arises: does Plato describe how to correct corruption if we do not manage to prevent it? This paper shows that a parallel between this passage from Republic VII and a passage (...) from Laws X suggests that he does. Laws X describes an impious man who is corrupted in the same way as the youth exposed to philosophy prematurely in Republic VII. While we leave the youth to his corruption in Republic, the impious man is helped to overcome his corruption in Laws with a refutation followed by a myth (also called a charm). This paper analyses these steps in terms of Plato's psychology, showing that both corruption and correction require a destabilization of the soul, which in these passages is brought about through refutation. This destabilization allows for a reconfiguration, which, with something that can restabilize the soul (for example with myth), can be a reconfiguration for the better. (shrink)

Aristotle ’s claim that we become virtuous by doing virtuous actions raises a familiar problem: How can we perform virtuous actions unless we are already virtuous? I reject deflationary accounts of the answer given in _Nicomachean Ethics_ 2.4 and argue instead that proper habituation involves doing virtuous actions with the right motive, i.e. for the sake of the noble, even though learners do not yet have virtuous dispositions. My interpretation confers continuity to habituation and explains in a non-mysterious way how (...) we become virtuous by doing virtuous actions in the right way. (shrink)

Barcelona, juny de 2017: el primer dimarts del mes comença amb una vaga de 24 hores de taxistes de la ciutat en contra d’Uber i Cabify. Dissabte següent, columnes de tots els barris es concentren a la Plaça Universitat contra l’augment del lloguer induït, majoritàriament, pel turisme massiu, amb AirB&B –com no–, en el punt de mira. Barcelona 0 – Economia col·laborativa 1. Era això, companys, el què n’esperàvem de l’economia del segle XXI?

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2015 Heft: 203 Seiten: 39-51.

A culture of trust leads to better use of knowledge and human skills, so important in an economy based on knowledge, innovation and change. Polish society is characterized by a culture of distrust, and this atmosphere translates into interpersonal relationships in companies. The challenge is therefore to recognize the conditions for building and strengthening organizational trust. Trust is related to personal reliability, which means respecting moral norms and the rights of others. Focusing on the company-employee relationship, in this paper the (...) author has set herself the goal of recognising how – in the context of ethical standards – the culture of trust is shaped in companies in Poland. The introductory – theoretical – part of the study looks at the role of trust in the functioning of an organization. The empirical part includes the available research on moral standards and trust in Polish enterprises. The summary points to the conclusions of the analysis undertaken. (shrink)

This article explores the dynamics and impact of the gender mainstreaming reform conducted within the European Social Fund in Poland in 2007–2013. It is based on qualitative interviews carried out with gender mainstreaming practitioners, both feminists and state administrators. The article examines factors enabling and hindering successful implementation of gender mainstreaming and discusses its potential positive spin-off effects. The analysed case suggests that civil servants’ strong professional ethics do facilitate progressive changes, whereas bureaucratic norms and non gender-specific values of particular (...) public policies eventually hinder the effectiveness of the strategy. However, gender mainstreaming reforms, even if limited in time and undertaken in a technocratic manner, may serve for feminists as a unique entry point to state institutions, and further allow for changes to public organizations’ gender regimes. Gender mainstreaming may lead to an increase in the number of feminist allies within public administrations and give more legitimization to feminists’ demands on the state. Thus, the strategy may produce a destabilizing impact on public administration gender regimes. (shrink)

The paper reviews the book written by F.M. Kamm, entitled Bioethical Prescriptions: To Create, End, Choose, and Improve Lives. Kamm is one of the most prominent analytical philosophers in moral philosophy, known from such works as Intricate Ethics. She defends the rights-based approach to ethics and is also famous from constructing multilayered moral dilemmas. The review poses methodological questions, of whether scientific-like thought experiments performed in a moral lab, and the Method of Hypothetical Cases are able to transform our ethical (...) dilemmas and provide any solutions. In the final part of the review, the first chapter of the book on Tolstoy’s essay is discussed in more detail. (shrink)

The article aims to introduce the formal development of the verb _ tun _ in the German language, based on the corpuses of old, middle and modern-new-high-German language. However, the morphological analysis is primarily based on Józef Darski’s innovative model of linguistic analysis which, due to its synchronic cha racter, has been adopted in diachronic research. The verb forms of _ tun _, prone to modifications owing to multiple processes depending on both the stage of development and the language as (...) a paradigm, reveal its capability of adaptation to the two basic classes of verbs, i. e. strong verbs and/or weak verbs and their subclasses. Additionally, it is possible to observe the processes of homogenization of the verb forms within a given paradigm and among the forms of distinct paradigms, mainly to stabilise them. (shrink)