Ethical issues in family businesses become increasingly relevant for businesses, societies and, consequently, organization scholars which manifests in a growing number of publications in the field over the years. Considerable knowledge generated in the area needs to be systematically structured and synthesized. This study reviewed 162 articles published over the last three decades (1989–2023) to map the intellectual and conceptual structure, and future research opportunities in the family business ethics field. Co-citation analysis highlighted four main groups of scholars influencing the (...) field. The bibliographic coupling distinguished five thematic clusters: succession, religion and goodwill, entrepreneurship and innovation, ethical dilemmas, and values and ethical behavior. Sentiment analysis revealed that scholars explored more positive than negative terms associated with family business ethics. Finally, co-occurrence network analysis suggested the emerging keywords and potential research questions, organized into five research themes, for further development of the family business ethics field. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar y organizar la bibliografía de estudios urbanos sobre el rendimiento urbano y los principales indicadores que se utilizan. Se analiza una muestra de 47 artículos recogidos en la base de datos Scopus que se refieren a estudios urbanos, de gestión y planificación urbana. Este artículo proporciona una guía para académicos y profesionales que muestra los principales indicadores utilizados para medir el rendimiento urbano de los principales enfoques de los estudios urbanos (socioeconómico y demográfico; (...) medioambiental; ciudades inteligentes; diseño urbano, entorno construido y territorio; administración pública, gobierno y gobernanza; eficiencia energética; sostenibilidad y desarrollo sostenible; transporte y movilidad; evaluación comparativa; y ciudades globales). Las aportaciones sociales y de gestión de este documento residen precisamente en la síntesis que ofrece de los indicadores de rendimiento urbano, que pueden ser útiles para que mejoren las investigaciones académicas, así como para que quienes planifican y gestionan el urbanismo trabajen de forma más eficiente con las políticas urbanas y mejoren así el rendimiento urbano deseado. (shrink)

Este artigo se ocupa com a relação e interconexão entre philosophia e phrónêsis na doutrina de Epicuro. O estudo tem como objetivo, primeiro, evidenciar o significado e a função que cada uma das sabedorias assume no pensamento epicureu e, segundo, inserir-se e contribuir com o debate científico acerca de uma suposta hierarquia existente entre elas, conforme afirmação feita pelo filósofo na Carta a Meneceu. Argumentamos em favor da hierarquia (da primazia da phrónêsis) e apresentamos algumas razões que sustentam essa interpretação.

This paper discusses how to define logics as deductive limits of sequences of other logics. The case of da Costa's hierarchy of increasingly weaker paraconsistent calculi, known as $ \mathcal {C}$n, 1 $ \leq$ n $ \leq$ $ \omega$, is carefully studied. The calculus $ \mathcal {C}$$\scriptstyle \omega$, in particular, constitutes no more than a lower deductive bound to this hierarchy and differs considerably from its companions. A long standing problem in the literature (open for more than 35 years) is (...) to define the deductive limit to this hierarchy, that is, its greatest lower deductive bound. The calculus $ \mathcal {C}$min, stronger than $ \mathcal {C}$$\scriptstyle \omega$, is first presented as a step toward this limit. As an alternative to the bivaluation semantics of $ \mathcal {C}$min presented thereupon, possible-translations semantics are then introduced and suggested as the standard technique both to give this calculus a more reasonable semantics and to derive some interesting properties about it. Possible-translations semantics are then used to provide both a semantics and a decision procedure for $ \mathcal {C}$Lim, the real deductive limit of da Costa's hierarchy. Possible-translations semantics also make it possible to characterize a precise sense of duality: as an example, $ \mathcal {D}$min is proposed as the dual to $ \mathcal {C}$min. (shrink)

In this article, I address a controversial aspect of Rawls’s treatment of the question of justice between generations: how the parties in the original position could be motivated to select Rawls’s preferred principle of intergenerational savings, which he dubs the just savings principle. I focus on the explanation found in his later work, where he proposes that the correct savings principle is the principle that any generation would have wanted preceding generations to have followed. By expanding upon this explanation, I (...) respond to the objection that this explanation disregards the perspective of the first generation. I demonstrate that this objection ceases to be a concern when a proper account of the parties’ reasoning is developed. What is notable about the explanation I defend is that it relies on the parties adopting maximax – not maximin – as a rule for rational decision making. Having established this intermediary conclusion, I depart with Rawls and consider what savings principle the parties would choose if given more options. Ultimately, I argue that the parties would select a principle that Rawls would have undoubtedly rejected if presented to him at face value. This is because the principle of savings I argue would be selected requires continual economic growth over generations to increase upwards indefinitely – a conclusion Rawls is explicitly trying to avoid in his theory of justice. (shrink)

A central feature of experimental development economics is the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of prospective socioeconomic interventions. The use of RCTs in development economics raises a host of ethical issues which are just beginning to be explored. In this article, I address one ethical issue in particular: the routine use of the status quo as a control when designing and conducting a development RCT. Drawing on the literature on the principle of standard care in (...) medical research ethics, as well as considerations of distributive justice in non-ideal circumstances, I argue that the practice of using the status quo as a control is ethically justifiable. However, I add an important qualification based on the natural duty of rescue to address the concern that my account is overly permissive. (shrink)

La “tolerancia” es un valor que se puede entender como inclusión entusiasta del otro en el propio mundo. Partimos de esta visión, resaltando que, desde ella, ser tolerante requeriría tener la capacidad y la posibilidad de escuchar. Aludimos, en este sentido, tanto a una disposición interior del s..

Ugar and Malele 1 critique the use of ‘generic’ technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for mental health diagnoses, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. They highlight how these AI medical tools often overlook traditional perspectives and local contexts. The article has the merit of working on ethical issues regarding the particularities and risks of using AI and ML for health diagnosis in the Global South, an urgent and neglected topic. According to the authors, the use of these (...) AI technologies leads to overgeneralisation in diagnosing mental disorders, which could be especially problematic in the mental health field because of value-laden judgements intrinsic to the definition of mental health disorders. This argument is theoretically grounded in the hybrid conceptualisation of mental disorders proposed by Wakefield. 2 This author’s perspective incorporates both factual and value components in defining mental disorders, framing them as context-dependent ‘harmful dysfunctions’... (shrink)

Esse texto procura estabelecer a conexão entre o opúsculo “Sobre o primeiro fundamento da distinção de direções no espaço” (GUGR), de 1768, e a Crítica da razão pura (KrV), de 1781, procurando evidenciar que há um programa de pesquisa de Kant sobre a estrutura do espaço que principia com as reflexões estabelecidas a partir das contrapartidas incongruentes. Para defender esse argumento, há uma grande dificuldade, pois Kant não se reporta às contrapartidas incongruentes no texto da primeira crítica. São vários os (...) comentadores que se reportam a esse fato para minorar a importância do texto de 1768 para a constituição da estética teórica. Para caracterizar a importância das contrapartidas incongruentes para o pensamento crítico, procuraremos examinar uma tese do espaço exposta nos Prolegômenos a toda a metafísica futura (Prol), de 1783, que é a de que somente o todo é fundamento de possibilidade das partes. Se os Prolegômenos fazem o caminho invertido, o do método analítico, e a Crítica da razão pura percorre o caminho sintético, quais seriam, nesse caso, as condições de possibilidade de uma estética que deveria ser construída a priori? Ao analisar essa questão, procuraremos mostrar que a sua solução depende das contrapartidas incongruentes nos Prolegômenos, e que ela é igualmente decisiva para a construção da Estética Transcendental. Com essa estratégia, procuraremos mostrar que há pressupostos epistemológicos em comum entre os três textos. Palavras-chave: Kant. Contrapartidas incongruentes. Espaço. Geometria. Parte. Todo. Infinitude and mereology in the construction of Kant’s theoretical aesthetics Abstract: The aim of this text is to establish the connection between the 1768 essay “Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space” (GUGR) and the 1781 Critique of Pure Reason (KrV), seeking to show that Kant has a research program regarding the structure of space that begins with reflections established from incongruent counterparts. There is considerable difficulty in defending this argument, because Kant does not refer to incongruent counterparts in the text of the first critique. Several commentators have referred to this fact to downplay the importance of the 1768 text for constituting theoretical aesthetics. To characterize the importance of incongruent counterparts for critical thinking, we examine a thesis on space presented in the Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics (Prol), of 1783, which is that only the whole is the ground for the possibility of the parts. If the Prolegomena take the opposite route, that of the analytical method, and the Critique of Pure Reason follows the synthetic route, what, in this case, would be the conditions for the possibility of an aesthetic that should be constructed a priori? In analyzing this question, we seek to show that its solution depends on the incongruent counterparts in the Prolegomena, and that it is equally decisive for constructing Transcendental Aesthetics. Using this strategy, we seek to show that the three texts have epistemological assumptions in common. Keywords: Kant. Incongruent counterparts. Space. Geometry. Part. Whole. Infinitud y mereología en la construcción de la estética teórica de Kant Resumen: El presente texto busca establecer la conéxion entre el opúsculo “Sobre el fundamento primero de la diferencia entre las regiones del espacio” (GUGR), de 1768, y la Crítica de la razón pura (KrV), de 1781, intentando evidenciar que hay un programa de investigación de Kant sobre la estructura del espacio que empieza con las reflexiones establecidas a partir de las contrapartidas incongruentes. Para defender ese argumento, hay una gran dificultad, pues Kant no se reporta a las contrapartidas incongruentes en el texto de la primera crítica. Son varios los comentadores que se reportan a ese hecho para minimizar la importancia del texto de 1768 para la constitución de la estética teórica. Para caracterizar la importancia de las contrapartidas incongruentes para el pensamiento crítico, procuraremos examinar una tesis del espacio expuesta en los Prolegómenos a toda metafísica futura (Prol), de 1783, que es de que solamente el todo es fundamento de posibilidad de las partes. Se los Prolegómenos hacen el camino invertido, del método analítico, y la Crítica de la razón pura recorre el camino sintético, ¿cuales serían, en ese caso, las condiciones de posibilidad de una estética que debería ser construida a priori? Al analizar esa cuestión, procuraremos mostrar que su solución depende de las contrapartidas incongruentes en los Prolegómenos, y que ella es igualmente decisiva para la construcción de la Estética Transcendental. Con esa estratégia, esforzaremos en mostrar que hay presupuestos epistemológicos en común entre los tres textos. Palavras clave: Kant. Contrapartes incongruentes. Espacio. Geometría. Parte. Todo. Data de registro: 20/08/2024 Data de aceite: 30/10/2024. (shrink)

Unlike with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in clinical research, little has been said about the ethical principles that should regulate the use of RCTs in experimental development economics. One well-known principle in clinical research ethics is the principle of clinical equipoise. Some recent commentators suggest that an analogue of clinical equipoise should play a role in experimental development economics. In this article, I first highlight some difficulties with importing the concept to experimental development economics. I then argue that MacKay’s (2018, (...) 2020) notion of policy equipoise avoids these difficulties and has a role to play in experimental development economics. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente artigo analisa a passagem da hermenêutica metodológica à experiência hermenêutica como crítica e fundamento do saber filosófico. Inicialmente, apresenta a crítica da hermenêutica à absolutizaçáo da lógica matemática como estrutura da pesquisa e produçáo de sentido na filosofia. A lógica matemática sedimenta a dinâmica da vida do homem por náo estar aberta às contingências da existência, porém a vida do homem náo se compreende sob a forma da lógica matemática. Posteriormente, demonstra (...) que compreender a dinâmica da vida do sujeito pressupõe uma hermenêutica filosófica, que interprete o verdadeiro sentido do humano. Essa compreensáo hermenêutico-filosófica se estabelece mediante uma inter-relaçáo entre o sujeito e o algo a ser interpretado. Por fim, defende que a condiçáo de possibilidade dessa inter-relaçáo é a experiência hermenêutica, o que implica uma abertura ao que esse algo tem a dizer ao sujeito, tornando-se, assim, o ponto de partida da compreensáo e fundamentaçáo do saber crítico-reflexivo. (shrink)

El intento marcusiano de llevar a cabo una síntesis entre fenomenología y materialismo histórico tendría como hilo conductor la noción de historicidad.. Desde la construcción heideggeriana de la misma, Marcuse pretende conciliar la fenomenología y el materialismo histórico en una filosofía "concreta" fundada en la historicidad radical de la existencia. En ese proceso Marcuse interpretará la filosofía de la vida de Dilthey como complementación del planteamiento ontológico heideggeriano, en la dirección de una concepción material y concreta de la historicidad.

Philosophische Bemerkungen. By Ludwig Wittgenstein. Edited by r. Rhees. (Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1964; Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1964, p. 348). Published in the original German version without English translation. [Translator's Note: I chose to translate all the passages cited by Malcolm, the ones from the Bemerkungen as well as those of the Untersuchungen, directly from German. To this end, I used the editing of Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Werkausgabe Band 1 and 2, 1984. In time, I am very (...) grateful to numerous suggestions for translation outputs and relevant corrections made by an anonymous reviewer of this magazine.]. (shrink)

Resenha do livro SILVA, Maria Alice Pereira da. Pedra de Xangô: um lugar sagrado afro-brasileiro na cidade de Salvador. Recife: Liceu, 2019. 157 p. Palavras-chave: Pedra de Xangô; Sagrado; Afro-Brasileiro.

Neste artigo, avalio a questão se há uma medida real, verdadeira no mundo independente de atividades humanas. Abordarei a questão concernente à natureza da normatividade a partir de um ponto de vista Wittgensteiniano ao usar como ponto de partida um problema apresentado por Hoelderlin e Heidegger.

En este artículo se expone la crisis democrática contemporánea como una crisis de credibilidad desencadenada por la “solidificación burocrática de la política” en el modelo elitista imperante y la decepción de las expectativas cifradas en ella por parte de quienes en los ochenta pasaron de regímenes dictatoriales a regímenes democráticos, tanto en América Latina como en Europa del Este. Se exploran algunos rasgos del régimen político-administrativo democrático a la luz de los debates sobre el concepto de neutralidad valorativa entre liberales, (...) feministas, socialistas y comunitaristas durante las últimas cuatro décadas. Se analizan desplazamientos en el concepto de lo político y en la redefinición del centro de gravedad de la democracia —desde el régimen político a las prácticas de lo común en la “esfera pública”, desde lo “institucional/instituido” hacia lo “social/instituyente”. (shrink)

O texto apresenta um modesto diagnóstico do presente, em tempos de muitas manifestações e inquietudes, inclusive, no meio educacional. Aceita a provocação de pensar o presente e, como tal, alia-se aos pensamentos de Michel Foucault, tentando refletir, ética e politicamente, desconfiando de todos os projetos políticos voltados ao pretenso bem comum. Segundo o filósofo francês, vivemos agora, mais do que antes, no interior de uma combinação complexa de técnicas de individuação e processos totalizantes, que mascaram as relações de poder. O (...) estudo será organizado com a abordagem inicial do papel da disciplina e da norma; em seguida, serão desenvolvidos os conceitos de governamentalidade, sujeito e poder e relações de biopoder imbricadas em situações ético-políticas. Logo após, serão apresentadas algumas alternativas denominadas de lutas transversais, como possibilidades de construção de novas subjetividades, que serão incorporadas, neste estudo, como possíveis formas de aproveitamento no sistema escolar. Palavras-chave: Educação. Governamentalidade. Biopoder. Lutas transversais. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo apresenta e discute quatro objeções que têm sido direcionadas ao socioconstrutivismo, enquanto concepção de ciência: i) sua impossibilidade teórica; ii) sua implausibilidade teórica; iii) sua irrelevância; iv) sua indesejabilidade. O artigo sustenta a inadequação das quatro objeções, sugere a importância do socioconstrutivismo, mas defende que essa posição não é nem a única nem a melhor, para nossa compreensão da ciência, porém, apenas mais uma, dentre tantas contribuições filosóficas para essa compreensão. ABSTRACT: This paper introduces and discusses four (...) objections that have been adressed to social constructivism as an approach regarding science: i) its theoretical impossibility; ii) its theoretical implausibility; iii) its irrelevance; iv) its undesirability. This paper advocates the unsuitability of the four objections, means the significance of social constructivism, but argues for that this philosophical stance is neither the only nor the best one for our understanding of the science, but instead just one of many philosophical contributions to this understanding. (shrink)

This edited volume explores the different and seminal ways colours matter to philosophy. Each chapter provides an insightful analysis of one or more cases in which colours raise philosophical problems in different areas and periods of philosophy. This historically informed discussion examines both logical and linguistic aspects, covering such areas as the mind, aesthetics and the foundations of mathematics. The international contributors look at traditional epistemological and metaphysical issues on the subjectivity and objectivity of colours. In addition, they also assess (...) phenomenological problems typical of the continental tradition and contemporary problems in the philosophy of mind. The chapters include coverage of such topics as Newton’s and Goethe’s theory of light and colours, how primary qualities are qualitative and colours are primary, explaining colour phenomenology, and colour in cognition, language and philosophy. "This book beautifully prepares the ground for the next steps in our research on and philosophising about colour" Daniel D. Hutto "It is not an overstatement to say that How Colours to Philosophy is a ground breaking publication" Mazviita Chirimuuta "Anyone interested in philosophical issues about color will find it highly stimulating." Martine Nida-Rümelin "The high quality papers included in this anthology succeed admirably in enriching current philosophical thinking about colour” Erik Myin “This is certainly the most complete collection of philosophical essays on colours ever published” André Leclerc “All in all this collections represents a new milestone in the ongoing philosophical debate on colours and colour expressions” Ingolf Max. (shrink)

Este artículo trata de analizar la célebre frase orteguiana “e_l hombre no tiene naturaleza, sino que tiene… historia_” dentro del contexto de su obra, mostrando su génesis y su evolución, así como las interpretaciones que se le han venido dando a la misma. Junto a este análisis, se mostrará también la importancia de esta idea dentro de la filosofía de Ortega, así como la relevancia que estas ideas podrían tener para una posible reforma de la metafísica tradicional.

Although ethical decision‐making theory has evolved over the years, within the field of management, research still revolves around James Rest’s (1986) four‐step framework, dominated by a positivist epistemology and a quantitative methodology. Given that currently there is a call for a theoretical, epistemological, and methodological renovation for the enlargement and enrichment of knowledge about how decisions are morally made in organizations, this paper has a double aim. First, by showing the models’ main flaws and limitations, it critically assesses the prominent (...) theoretical models of Rest, Trevino, and Jones. Then, for decision making in organizations, the paper aims to posit a fresh moral theory that addresses the phenomenon from a comprehensive epistemological perspective. To do so, it steps back from those prominent models in order to review John Dewey’s “theory of moral life.” At the core of the proposed comprehensive theoretical framework are Dewey’s concepts of a “moral standard” and “valuation.” Finally, the paper shows how the Dewey‐based framework can both overcome the flaws and limitations that are identified in those prominent models and can enrich empirical research, therefore contributing to developing as a whole the ethical decision‐making field. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The argument of inference to the best explanation sets up that, given a phenomenon to be explained, several rival hypotheses race to provide an explanation and the hypothesis that explains the phenomenon better than its rival gives good reasons for the belief in its truth and, therefore, for the acceptance of such hypothesis. The argument supposes that these rival hypotheses share the same phenomenon to be explained. In this paper it is argued that, in a few scientific episodes, scientists (...) with different hypotheses, even if sharing the phenomenon to be explained, have different goals regarding the handling of the phenomenon; but then an issue arises as to the structure of the argument, since setting different aims to handle a phenomenon would result in an axiological targeting by the scientists, one not enclosed in the structure of the argument. In addition, axiological targeting can also show itself as something crucial for the issue of accepting a hypothesis, a state of affair not foreseen in the argument of inference to the best explanation again. The purpose of this paper is, by means of “research programs” principle by Imre Lakatos, and by means of a case study – the acceptance of the DNA double helix model – to sustain the concept that the axiological difference may prove to be crucial for the acceptance of one hypothesis rather than other rival hypotheses. (shrink)

Este trabajo se inserta en la discusión sobre la filosofía de la mente de Spinoza, específicamente en torno a si ofrece o no una teoría de la consciencia. Sostenemos que sí lo hace y que se explica a través de la articulación de varios conceptos según una particular lectura del llamado «paralelismo». Procedemos de la siguiente manera. Primero ofrecemos una caracterización preliminar de definición spinoziana de mente. Entonces damos una interpretación de la ontología. Por último, aplicamos esta lectura a la (...) relación mente-cuerpo, deteniéndonos en la física, las ideas de ideas y el conatus. (shrink)

Traducimos a continuación una porción de la correspondencia entre René Descartes (1596-1650) y Hector-Pierre Chanut (1600-1662) en torno al amor. Se trata de tres cartas, dos versiones de la de Chanut a Descartes y la extensa respuesta de Descartes. El interés de este intercambio radica en su datación en un momento intermedio entre los primeros borradores y la finalización del _Tratado de las pasiones_, la opinión sobre una variedad de temas atípicos en Descartes, como la política y la teología y (...) el desarrollo de una teoría sobre el amor. Se incluyen una presentación histórica y problemática, notas y bibliografía específica sobre el tema. (shrink)

El presente estudio se enfoca en la vida y el trabajo de Mercedes Cervelló, una educadora del siglo xix que dedicó gran parte de su carrera a la enseñanza en la provincia de Ñuble. También se analizan las estrategias y los enfoques de enseñanza que Cervelló utilizó en sus clases, así como su impacto en la comunidad local. El artículo presenta a Cervelló como una figura importante en la historia de la educación en Chile y destaca su compromiso con la (...) enseñanza de calidad y la promoción de la igualdad de oportunidades para todos los estudiantes. (shrink)

Judo is a multifactorial sport where many variables or key performance indicators such as force-velocity profile, bioenergetic capacity, technical and tactical skills, and cognitive and emotional competence play a role and influence the final result. While there have been many academic studies of these variables, usually in isolation, none have examined KPIs holistically or analyzed their impact on strategic performance. The main objective of the present study, therefore, is to apply a novel and easily replicable methodology to identify and prioritize (...) the main KPIs affecting performance in professional judo. Such a methodology was applied to the High-Performance Judo Centre of Valencia, using a multi-criteria decision aid technique: the analytic network process. The ANP is used to identify and quantify cause and effect relationships not only between KPIs but also between KPIs and performance objectives. Further, the ANP offers effective results when there is a lack of historical KPI data, because it is based on experts' opinions and judgments. A judo expert group comprising elite judo coaches and half-lightweight male judokas applied the methodology to discriminate between the characteristics required when aiming to reach high-level strategic objectives. The JEG, which consisted of five elite judokas, national and international champions, and three Olympic coaches—including a former European champion and silver medalist in a world championship—provided high added value to the study. The main findings were that the KPIs that made the most difference were mostly psychological, specifically motivation, stress, and team cohesion. Of these, motivation was by far the most important KPI for success in our case study, so judokas should make sure that they analyze it properly. Motivation is usually intrinsic to the competitor and should be maintained at a high level, not only during tournaments but also during daily training and lifestyle activities. Physical and other specific forms of training, as well as lifestyle KPIs, are very important for the elite competitor but are not sufficient to reach high-level objectives. The most important of these KPIs were Kumi-Kata, dual career, focus and concentration level, scouting, nutrition, and basic technique. Power and strength were the most important physical KPIs. In general, these are essential for meeting strategic objectives, but they do not make the crucial difference. This suggests that professional psychological support should be provided in daily training and that international team composition and internships should be fostered. (shrink)

O texto a seguir, intitulado “Ensaio Histórico sobre a Cavalaria e a Honra dos Modernos”, foi escrito durante a juventude de David Hume, certamente antes da publicação do Tratado da Natureza Humana. Ainda não há consenso inabalável sobre o ano em que esse ensaio foi produzido. John Hill Burton, que o publicou pela primeira vez, em 1846, considera que Hume o teria escrito em 1727, logo após deixar o Edimburgh College. J. Y. T. Greig propõe uma conjectura um pouco mais, (...) por assim dizer, elástica, considerando que o texto deve ter sido escrito no período de 1729 a 1734. (shrink)

En el presente artículo expondremos las ideas del sociólogo polaco Zygmunt Bauman sobre la comunidad y su destrucción moderna. Estas ideas, complementadas por las del filósofo español Juan B. Fuentes, se analizarán críticamente y de manera conjunta con las propuestas positivas de cada autor, señalando algunas diferencias menores pero importantes. Finalmente, se discutirá el caso de las “comunidades virtuales”, comprobando si los análisis precedentes siguen sirviéndonos para entender estas nuevas realidades.

Here I present some arguments against an alleged mathematical isomorphic relation between elementary propositions and states of affairs in the Tractatus. This is a standard proposal to understand the world-language relation in Wittgenstein’s early philosophy. I advocate that the application of this type of isomorphism in the Tractarian conceptual framework conflicts with some of its philosophical peculiarities. This technical approach especially overlooks some crucial Tractarian tenets, such as a sharp modal distinction between form and structure and Wittgenstein’s rejection of a (...) priori true propositions. (shrink)

Scientific research in the formal sciences comes in multiple degrees of formality: fully formal work; rigorous proofs that practitioners know to be formalizable in principle; and informal work like rough proof sketches and considerations about the advantages and disadvantages of various formal systems. This informal work includes informal and semi-formal debates between formal scientists, e.g. about the acceptability of foundational principles and proposed axiomatizations. In this paper, we propose to use the methodology of structured argumentation theory to produce a formal (...) model of such informal and semi-formal debates in the formal sciences. For this purpose, we propose ASPIC-END, an adaptation of the structured argumentation framework ASPIC+ which can incorporate natural deduction style arguments and explanations. We illustrate the applicability of the framework to debates in the formal sciences by presenting a simple model of some arguments about proposed solutions to the Liar paradox, and by discussing a more extensive—but still preliminary—model of parts of the debate that mathematicians had about the Axiom of Choice in the early twentieth century. (shrink)