La perspectiva de los futuros periodistas sobre la profesión es importante para una evaluación crítica de la forma en que la academia, en sus cursos de comunicación/ periodismo, los prepara.Los resultados de una encuesta a estudiantes de pregrado y maestría en comunicación/periodismo, de 11 instituciones de educación superior portuguesas, apuntan a un desajuste entre las percepciones sobre el periodismo actual y las expectativas futuras, lo que nos llevó a reflexionar sobre el papel de las instituciones educativas, que parecen más como (...) promotores de una visión crítica del periodismo, que promotores de actitudes proactivas en la búsqueda de respuestas a los diversos desafíos identificados por los estudiantes. (shrink)

Batteries are a fundamental storage component due to its various applications in mobility, renewable energies and consumer electronics among others. Regardless of the battery typology, one key variable from a user’s perspective is the remaining energy in the battery. It is usually presented as the percentage of remaining energy compared to the total energy that can be stored and is labeled State Of Charge (SOC). This work addresses the development of a hybrid model based on a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) (...) power cell, due to its broad implementation. The proposed model calculates the SOC, by means of voltage and electric current as inputs and the latter as the output. Therefore, four models based on k-Means, Agglomerative Clustering, Gaussian Mixture and Spectral Clustering techniques have been tested in order to obtain an optimal solution. (shrink)

This paper aims to enhance security in IoT device networks through a visual tool that utilizes three projection techniques, including Beta Hebbian Learning (BHL), t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and ISOMAP, in order to facilitate the identification of network attacks by human experts. This work research begins with the creation of a testing environment with IoT devices and web clients, simulating attacks over Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for recording all relevant traffic information. The unsupervised algorithms chosen provide a set (...) of projections that enable human experts to visually identify most attacks in real-time, making it a powerful tool that can be implemented in IoT environments easily. (shrink)

The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a unique cybersecurity challenge due to its vast network of interconnected, resource-constrained devices. These vulnerabilities not only threaten data integrity but also the overall functionality of IoT systems. This study addresses these challenges by exploring efficient data reduction techniques within a model-based intrusion detection system (IDS) for IoT environments. Specifically, the study explores the efficacy of an autoencoder’s latent space combined with three different classification techniques. Utilizing a validated IoT dataset, particularly focusing on the (...) Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), the study seeks to develop a robust model capable of identifying security breaches targeting this protocol. The research culminates in a comprehensive evaluation, presenting encouraging results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies in strengthening IoT cybersecurity with more than a 99% of precision using only 2 learned features. (shrink)

La idea de convergencia es una de las nociones más difundidas en el lenguaje tecnocientífico actual. Sin olvidar el éxito que está teniendo en el diseño de la política europea, no cabe duda de que es un concepto clave en la financiación de las investigaciones integradas en el marco de lo que se ha denominado las NBCI (nano-bio-cogno-info-tecnologías). Con ello, pretendemos analizar hasta qué punto se está difundiendo algún sesgo axiológico a través de esta noción. Algo que cobra especial interés (...) si tenemos en cuenta la acogida que está teniendo en los recientes estudios sobre el nuevo modo de producción del conocimiento tecnocientífico (Gibbons, Nowotny, Funtowicz…) y el giro económico que estos han experimentado en los últimos años. (shrink)

This paper focuses on natural aesthetics as it relates to an ecological ethics informed by Aldo Leopold and by two contemporary environmental ethicists inspired by him: Callicott and Rolston. By contrast to Callicott, Rolston's work emphasises the distinctive character of natural beauty and gives reasons to understand such beauty as foundational for acting morally in the natural world. This paper argues, on these theoretical grounds, that an informed natural aesthetics is a requirement of an environmental ethics on account of the (...) co-relational link between the integrity, balance and beauty of the biotic community. This more objective foundation can better support conservationist movements in practice, bringing together natural beauty and duty in the pursuit of a closer harmony between humankind and the natural world. (shrink)

Two seemingly contradictory aspects have marked art’s appreciation – and aesthetic appreciation in general. While an experience of pleasure seems to ground judgments of aesthetic value, some artworks seem to gain our praise by the very negative – unpleasant – experience they provoke. Known as the paradox of negative emotions, aestheticians have, at least since Aristotle, tried to deal with these cases and offer different explanations of the phenomenon. In this article, María José Alcaraz León does not directly (...) offer an alternative explanation; rather she focuses on the apparent tension between an understanding of aesthetic experience in terms of a certain kind of pleasure and the negative aspect that is necessarily involved in our appreciation of painful art. The purpose of her article is to show that cases of artistic appreciation that involve negative emotions do not need to give up on the idea that aesthetic value is ultimately grounded upon an experience of pleasure. (shrink)

Some business schools have come under considerable criticism for what observers see as their complicit involvement in the corporate scandals and financial crises of the last 15 years. Much of the discussion about changes that schools might undertake has been focused on curriculum issues. However, revisiting the curriculum does not get at the root cause of the problem. Instead, it might create a new challenge: the risk of decoupling the discussion of the curriculum from broader issues of institutional purpose. In (...) this article, we argue that the most pressing need facing business schools is not to teach new courses to be responsive to social demands and stay relevant. Instead, it is to revisit their basic mission—the principles and beliefs on which they were founded—and then to re-evaluate their curriculum design choices in this light. We contrast the Spartan and Athenian educational paradigms as a way of shedding light on the nature of a coherent response. (shrink)

La vulneración de derechos en la atención sanitaria en Latinoamérica representa una problemática creciente que afecta la calidad de los servicios y la equidad en la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las principales causas y consecuencias de la violación de derechos en los sistemas de salud de la región, enfocándose en los derechos humanos, el acceso a la atención médica, la discriminación y la corrupción. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que incluye legislación, artículos que abordan la temática y (...) sentencias sobre la vulneración del derecho a la atención sanitaria. Los resultados indican que las vulneraciones más frecuentes incluyen la falta de acceso a servicios adecuados, el trato desigual hacia poblaciones vulnerables y la carencia de recursos. Se concluye que es urgente implementar reformas estructurales en los sistemas de salud de Latinoamérica para garantizar la protección efectiva de los derechos humanos y mejorar la calidad de la atención sanitaria. (shrink)

Comentamos y discutimos, en esta nota, algunas de las reconceptualizaciones normativas y aplicaciones diversas del paradigma de la Justicia Global. Los trabajos de Pogge compilados en Hacer justicia a la humanidad proporcionan una visión de conjunto del objetivo pragmático de su pensamiento: erradicar la pobreza severa. Discutimos, en primer lugar, su operación de otorgar carácter negativo a los derechos económicos y sociales por considerarlo erróneo y desencaminado tanto en la teoría como en sus repercusiones prácticas. Finalmente, enjuiciamos favorablemente su reflexión (...) acerca de la Equidad de Género en el contexto de los debates en torno a la medición de la pobreza y la analítica de las desigualdades. Su problematización a este respecto, permitiría una fructífera intersección con la crítica feminista a los marcos teóricos hegemónicos del desarrollo humano y a los impactos de la globalización sobre las mujeres. (shrink)

El objeto de este artículo es presentar las dimensiones intersubjetivas y objetivas de la responsabilidad que formularon Hannah Arendt y Hans Jonas. La versión jurídica e individual de la responsabilidad como mero correlato de la libertad ha quedado sobrepasada por la magnitud de las consecuencias de la acción humana consignadas en el siglo XX. A título de ejemplo, señalaremos a los totalitarismos, a la crisis ecológica o al impacto de las biotecnologías. Una escala de acción de tales magnitudes exige pensar (...) una responsabilidad «ampliada». Conectar las dimensiones intersubjetivas y objetivas de la responsabilidad con el juicio moral en un modelo complejo y multifactorial es nuestra propuesta aquí. (shrink)

This paper seeks a legal approach to the question of the implications of various religious beliefs in food. To begin with, it will be made a descriptive analysis of how the religious event influences and conditions the food consumption of believers, approaching both the three majoritarian or most representative religions of our country as well as several minority religions. Next, we will go on to observe and point out the obligations arising from Spanish Law regarding this aspect. Finally, once these (...) two areas have been analyzed and with what they illustrate, we will focus the main objective of this study giving our opinion on whether this is an issue that depends on the Law and that depend on a legislator or if, on the contrary, it is a question that belongs more to the internal sphere of citizens. (shrink)

El presente trabajo se propone ofrecer una panorámica general de un tema que ha sido, es y seguirá siendo polémico: la responsabilidad penal de los menores. Para lograr dicho objetivo se dará cuenta de la regulación vigente al respecto, la que hasta llegar a la situación actual ha debido recorrer un largo camino de reformas que serán revisadas en algunos de sus aspectos más controvertidos. Asimismo se fundamentará el indudable carácter penal de la LO 5/2000, de 12 de enero, reguladora (...) de la responsabilidad penal de los menores, de las medidas que impone y, en consecuencia, de la responsabilidad que se exige a los menores sometidos a ella. Parte importante de este artículo estará dedicada, de un lado, a estos menores de entre 14 y 18 años destinatarios de la LO 5/2000, respecto de los que, entre otras cuestiones, se determinará si son o no imputables; y, de otro, a aquellos que tienen menos de 14 años, reflexionando, entre otros extremos, sobre la necesidad o no de rebajar dicha edad como límite mínimo para comenzar a exigir responsabilidad criminal. (shrink)

The subversion of tradition of ethics carried out by Kant in his Critique of Practical Reason is, according to Lacan, the intelligibility background on which it is possible a science of the subject as developed by Freud. This would be shown up in a particularly effective way if comparing Kant’s moral theory with Sade’s antimoral one. It is not difficult to show the formal-structural identity of the state of affairs established by inconditionality of law in both theoretical systems, and thus (...) expose the possibility of that anti-moral as a kind of Kantian variation. Moreover, Lacan holds, it is necessary to recognize in Sade’s Philosophy in the Bedroom the truth of Critique of Practical Reason. Our study proposes an examination of this well-known Lacanian thesis. On the one hand, we seek to establish the exact content of this thesis and the diagnosis of the relationship that it involves between Kant and Freud (between Enlightenment and psychoanalysis). On the other hand, we seek to confront that diagnosis with the reconstruction of the specific terms of the practical subject question in Kant’s philosophy. The ultimate aim is at least to raise a question about the place of the concept of “Reason” in psychoanalysis, that is, about the margin that the truth of the subject discovered by this theory leaves for making the difference (at least de iure) between the weight of reason and the illusions of moral masochism, and about the very conditions of psychoanalysis as a theory. (shrink)

Análisis de los textos relativos a la Creación que aparecen en las Cartas de Maimónides, en los que el filósofo judeoandalusí puntualiza las tesis mantenidas en sus obras mayores.

Al escribir este articulo intento recuperar, para la discusión más contemporánea sobre los universales, al menos una parte de las ideas del lógico y filósofo medieval Pedro Abelardo. En particular, hay ciertas formas de nominalismo, léase, el mentalismo, el nominalismo de conjuntos, y el nominalismo de semejanza(s), que han reaparecido con fuerza nueva en metafísica analítica contemporánea. Abelardo, como nominalista que fue, no sólo argumentó contra tesis de corte realista;, sino que también evaluó y criticó otras formas de nominalismo diferentes (...) a la suya y, en concreto, las mencionadas. Mi objeto principal es confrontar los argumentos de Abelardo con ellas, mostrando cómo sus argumentos aún prevalecen. (shrink)

Adolescence is a vital stage in a person´s development, stressful events within the most significant subsystems at this stage can lead to anxious-depressive symptomatology. The objective of this study was to design a socio-emotional narrative intervention program in order to decrease anxious-depressive symptoms in adolescents. We seek to strengthen emotional intelligence skills, such as: emotional awareness, self-image, self-concept, self-esteem and self-regulation. The research was quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test was carried out with control group and transverse temporality. The research approach was mixed. The (...) sample consisted of 80 women aged 13 to 15. Quantitative results showed a statistically significant difference in experimental group with medium effect for anxiety and small for depression as well as medium and high in the self-image. A qualitive analysis of the verbal and pictographic productions was carried out. It is important to continue proving the effectiveness of this socio-emotional narrative intervention to decrease anxious and depressive symptomatology in adolescents. (shrink)

Las fuentes de la revelación han afirmado siempre la presencia salvífica del Espíritu Santo más allá de los límites del antiguo y del nuevo Israel. Este artículo es un intento por percibirla en las ceremonias religiosas de los pueblos indígenas y mestizos del Sur Andino Peruano. Para alcanzar su objetivo, considera las circunstancias que acompañaron el anuncio del Evangelio en América y encuentra en la Carta a los Hebreos una clave para comprender e interpretar el proceso de inculturación del cristianismo (...) en los ritos dedicados a la Madre Tierra. Frente a la idolatría tributaria de la muerte, estos antiguos cultos aparecen como núcleos generadores de vida, que revelan la intervención providente de Dios en situaciones de sufrimiento injusto. (shrink)

En un momento de tensión y polémica por la situación que tiene la enseñanza de la filosofía dentro de la l. o. g. s. e., es útil hacer una reflexión comparativa con el modo en el que se esta dando respuesta a la didáctica de la filosofía en otro país europeo, en Italia.

This monographic section contains the three papers delivered by Philip Kitcher as Raimundus Lullius Lectures during the VII Conference of the Spanish Society of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, that took place in Santiago de Compostela (July 18th-20th, 2012). It also includes three of the contributions presented to the Symposium on Kitcher’s work in the same Conference.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation of the second-person object clitic te [‘you’] and the clitic se [lit. ‘it’] in advertising discourse from a cognitive viewpoint. The main explanatory notion will be cognitive salience; both clitics, te and se, exhibit this to varying degrees. The second-person te is more salient than the clitic se; therefore, the meanings conveyed by each in media discourse will be notably different. Results indicate that the distribution and usage of the clitics (...) te vs. se constitutes a different strategy of persuasion in advertising discourse. In general terms, te is used when a special deictic stance is needed, such as indexing a second-person as a potential consumer of the product or idea, whereas se tends to appear in utterances that describe the general and objective benefits of the product or idea advertised, denoting a desubjectivizing stance. The sociosituational distribution of this variation according to the target consumers will be analyzed. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first we outline a version of non-descriptivism, ‘minimal expressivism’, leaving aside certain long-standing problems associated with conventional expressivist views. Second, we examine the way in which familiar expressivist results can be accommodated within this framework, through a particular interpretation that the expressive realm lends to a theory of meaning. Expressivist theories of meaning address only a portion of the classical problems attributed to this position when they seek to explain why the expressions they (...) deal with have a given meaning. A position can nevertheless be termed ‘expressivist’ – in the minimal sense that we favor – based simply on the following key features of the meaning of these expressions: they can be used as functions of propositions, and they are not used to describe the way the world is. (shrink)

Últimamente, se están reforzando los planteamientos que venían buscando una enseñanza en la cual, a través de la resolución de casos prácticos, el alumnado se convierte en agente activo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Son múltiples las opciones metodológicas con las que este puede alcanzarse y, también, es posible integrarlas en una propuesta donde el estudiantado protagonice la construcción de sus conocimientos, atendiendo a situaciones reales con una dimensión social, conocida como Aprendizaje y Servicio. Para desarrollar esta premisa, nos hemos centrado (...) en el binomio patrimonio y educación como necesidad social, eligiendo la ciudad romana de Clunia como referente del servicio. (shrink)

Esta propuesta se inscribe en el marco de análisis y comprensión de los procesos de subjetivación contemporáneos como maneras de imponer una esencia a una existencia. Puesto que hemos sido edificadas con las imágenes de otros, las mujeres hemos debido construirnos cada una con ellas. Siendo muy diversos los desenlaces de esta construcción, somos sin embargo parecidas al compartir una particular manera de vínculo: la experiencia que denomino del deseo de ser. Estando siempre sin hacer, somos siempre siendo y, aunque (...) dadas ya por hechas, cada mujer es el resultado de un tremendo esfuerzo y paciencia cuya resolución permite vivir. (shrink)

: El presente artículo ilustra un capítulo del pensamiento reaccionario español, surgido a raíz de la revolución francesa, que tiene por objeto frenar las ideas modernas para preservar la tradición (identificada siempre con la iglesia católica). Centrado en la figura de Agapita Clara, autodenominada la filosofía rancia en honor de Francisco Alvarado (el filósofo rancio), se aventura la hipótesis de que el autor oculto tras dicho seudónimo femenino pueda ser Manuel Freyre y Castrillón, antiguo liberal convertido a los ideales de (...) la reacción. (shrink)

My aim in this tentative text is framing political philosophy in the planetary context of Anthropocene. I will explore the political meaning of three non-excluding scenarios (emergencies, transitions and collapse) in order to demand the adequate doses of realism and utopianism to survive as an eco-dependent humanity. The climate emergency implies the acceptance of resilience as a political objective from the starting point of our radical vulnerability. We need a practical political philosophy that makes room for hope.

The book offers a characterization of the meaning and role of the notion of truth in natural languages and an explanation of why, in spite of the big amount of proposals about truth, this task has proved to be resistant to the different analyses. The general thesis of the book is that defining truth is perfectly possible and that the average educated philosopher of language has the tools to do it. The book offers an updated treatment of the meaning of (...) truth ascriptions from taking into account the latest views in philosophy of language and linguistics. (shrink)

The social and cultural changes of the last century have transformed death from an everyday fact to something hidden from view. Shifting between the practical and the theoretical, the professional and the intimate, the real and the fictitious, this collection of essays explores the continued power of death over our lives. It examines the idea and experience of death from an interdisciplinary perspective, including studies of changing burial customs throughout Europe; an account of a"dying party" in the Netherlands; examinations of (...) the fascination with violent death in crime fiction and the phenomenon of serial killer art; analyses of death and bereavement in poetry, fiction, and autobiography; and a look at audience reactions to depictions of death on screen. By studying and considering how death is thought about in the contemporary era, we might restore the natural place it has in our lives. (shrink)