Experiencia, cuerpo y montaje: una lectura sobre la subjetividad como problema semejante entre la filosofía de Walter Benjamin y el teatro-danza de Pina Bausch. Resumen de Tesis de doctorado en Filosofía de Ludmila Hlebovich.

In this article, we sketch how theoretical neuroethics can clarify the concept of autonomy. We hope that this can both serve as a model for the conceptual clarification of other components of PIAAAS and contribute to the development of the empirical measures that Gilbert and colleagues [1] propose.

In this essay, I claim that certain passages in Book IV of Benedict de Spinoza’s Ethics suggest a novel version of what is known as metaethical constructivism. The constructivist interpretation emerges in the course of attempting to resolve a tension between Spinoza’s apparent ethical egoism and some remarks he makes about the efficacy of collaborating with the right partners when attempting to promote our individual self-interest . Though Spinoza maintains that individuals necessarily aim to promote their self-interest, I argue that (...) Spinoza has an atypical conception of self that allows the interests of other people to be partially constitutive of one's own self-interest. In this way, Spinoza can account for the rationality of concern for the interests of others . This interpretation attributes to Spinoza a form of constructivism that differs in important ways from contemporary Humean and Kantian constructivisms and which can in principle be detached from Spinoza’s particular metaphysical commitments in order to yield a third general category of constructivist view . Though my treatment is necessarily brief, it is my hope that it can serve both to motivate a constructivist reading of Spinoza and, perhaps even more crucially, to suggest a Spinozistic variety of constructivism as a live theoretical option in metaethics. (shrink)

Peirce’s sign model is introduced as incompatible with structural semiology in the majority of semiotics textbooks. In this paper, I would like to argue against this general polarization of the semiotic discipline. I focus on compatibilities between Lucien Tesnière’s syntactic theory (verbal valency) and Peirce’s logic of relatives. My main argument is that structural linguistics is not necessarily dyadic, and that Peirce’s sign doctrine is perfectly structural. To define the structural approach in Peirce, I analyze the notions of form (structure) (...) and substance in Hjelmslev and Peirce. The aim of my argument is to contribute to attempts to introduce Peirce’s theory to the field of linguistics in the hope that such an integration will be beneficiary for general linguistics. To extend and support my argument, I provide some examples from biology where Peirce’s theory has been applied. I demonstrate an analogy between the biological structures of proteins and the structure of a sentence with Peirce’s own writings. I consequently introduce Peirce as the first structural semiologist and as the first biolinguist. (shrink)

The literature on deep brain stimulation (DBS) and adaptive DBS (aDBS) raises concerns that these technologies may affect personality, mood, and behavior. We conducted semi-structured interviews with researchers (n = 23) involved in developing next-generation DBS systems, exploring their perspectives on ethics and policy topics including whether DBS/aDBS can cause such changes. The majority of researchers reported being aware of personality, mood, or behavioral (PMB) changes in recipients of DBS/aDBS. Researchers offered varying estimates of the frequency of PMB changes. A (...) smaller majority reported changes in personality specifically. Some expressed reservations about the scientific status of the term ‘personality,’ while others used it freely. Most researchers discussed negative PMB changes, but a majority said that DBS/aDBS can also result in positive changes. Several researchers viewed positive PMB changes as part of the therapeutic goal in psychiatric applications of DBS/aDBS. Finally, several discussed potential causes of PMB changes other than the device itself. (shrink)

Many technology ethicists hold that the time has come to articulate _neurorights_: our normative claims vis-à-vis our brains and minds. One such claim is the right to _mental integrity_ (‘MI’). I begin by considering some paradigmatic threats to MI (§1) and how the dominant autonomy-based conception (‘ABC’) of MI attempts to make sense of them (§2). I next consider the objection that the ABC is _overbroad_ in its understanding of what threatens MI and suggest a friendly revision to the ABC (...) that addresses the objection (§3). I then consider a second objection: that the ABC cannot make sense of the MI of the _non-autonomous_. This objection appears fatal even to the revised ABC (§4). On that basis, I develop an alternative conception on which MI is grounded in a plurality of simpler capacities, namely, those for _affect_, _cognition_, and _volition_. Each of these more basic capacities grounds a set of fundamental interests, and they are for that reason worthy of protection even when they do not rise to the level of complexity necessary for autonomy (§5). This yields a fully general theory of MI that accounts for its manifestations in both the autonomous and the non-autonomous. (shrink)

In section I, I lay out key components of my favoured non-cognitivist interpretation of Mill's metaethics. In section II, I respond to several objections to this style of interpretation posed by Christopher Macleod. In section III, I respond to David Brink's treatment of the well-known ‘competent judges’ passage in Mill'sUtilitarianism. I argue that important difficulties face both Brink'sevidential interpretationand the rivalconstitutive interpretationthat he proposes but rejects. I opt for a third interpretative option that I call thepsychological interpretation. This interpretation makes (...) sense of otherwise difficult aspects of chapter IV ofUtilitarianism. In section IV, I offer some reasons for rejecting Nicholas Drake's claim that Mill is ultimately best characterized as a Humean constructivist. If we accept Drake's suggestion that Mill's non-cognitivism is compatible with his being a constructivist, I argue, we should view Mill as putting forward a distinctively Millian form of constructivism rather than a Humean one. (shrink)

We appreciate Meynen’s examination of ethical implications of using neurotechnologies to decode neural data and make inferences about cognitive processes. Here, we address three issues that we beli...

Among other issues, Peterson and colleagues (2021) raise the crucial but vexing question of how to assess the well-being of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoCs). I provide some suggestio...

Dans les cours italiennes du xve siècle, la danse et le combat, essentiels dans l’éducation du noble, participent à la définition de la place et du comportement des femmes et des hommes. Les maîtres à danser du Quattrocento, construisent et définissent la théorie et la pratique d’une danse savante et produisent un discours conforme à des normes politiques, sociales et genrées. Guillaume le Juif, définit précisément le rôle et la place de la femme qui danse. Antonio Corazzino, également homme d’armes, (...) poète et humaniste, exprime une vision de la bienséance, qui participe d'une conception plus générale des rôles attribués au genre. Les valeurs viriles assument une prééminence évidente dans l’évolution de la vie des cours. Les techniques du corps incarnent une réalité et un discours politique. Dans l'ensemble de son œuvre, le masculin et le féminin s’incarnent notamment dans les modèles de Mars et de Vénus, les deux faces de la Concordia discors, dans la femme qui danse et l’homme qui combat. (shrink)

The Russian icon was always related to the soul of the Russian painter, his anxiety and his emotions. Through the icon the russian has always expressed his faith and mentained the bundle with God. The icon has been considered by the russian people a bridge between human and divinity. The Russian people belive into an russian Christ. The Russian icon embodys the russian nature, his strength of creation and of adaption, but especially the russian soul. It is been capitalized the (...) icon painting of the greatest painters: Andrei Rubliov, Teofan Grecul Dionisie, as well as icon painting, starting from the novgorodiana school (the 11th century) till the 20th century, when big names of icon artists appared, such as Kondrafiev, Filatov, Zubov, A. Ivanov. (shrink)

In thesis VI of Walter Benjamin’s On the Concept of History, we find the sentence of danger in which the dead are, which we can think of as a threat of a second death, or symbolic death of the oppressed tradition of which the historiographer has to be alert. Now, if there is a second death it is because there is a life after natural death, that is a survival [Nachleben] of the past in the present. This survival, in the (...) context of the theses of 1940, is possible to weave it with the notions of historical experience [Erfahrung] and the transmission thereof. Faced with the danger of the absolute disappearance of what has been truncated, the German author exposes the need to save it, that is, to carry out a redemption, a remembrance. In this sense, redemption would operate as a second chance, or second instance, of those who have already had a natural death, and who therefore survive, are in their "over-life", which is on the verge of disappearing. Redemption, in these terms, is reconfigured as a form of resistance, then, against the possible annihilation that would bury definitively those signifiers, those memories. Here we will essay thinking this possibles intersections between the benjaminians notions of survival, historic experience and redemption, and the lacanian notion of second death, for being able to think the duality of natural and simbolic death and life, the failed of natural death -the possibiliy of redemption that allows- and the absolut and irreversible character of second death. (shrink)

LetN. be the set of all natural numbers, and letD n * = {k N k|n} {0} wherek¦n if and only ifn=k.x f or somexN. Then, an ordered setD n * = D n *, n, wherex ny iffx¦y for anyx, yD n *, can easily be seen to be a pseudo-boolean algebra.In [5], V.A. Jankov has proved that the class of algebras {D n * nB}, whereB =, {k N is finitely axiomatizable.

The class DA of diagonalizable algebras enjoys the interpolation property . Using LDA-Gentzen System corresponding to DA, we show that it has the strong amalgamation property as well.

My starting point in the exploration of the two subjects’ dialectics would be something what is perceived by Luce Irigaray, namely, that the humane nature is two, but the two is not represented in the philosophical discourse and the woman has always been symbolised as the other or lack. In Irigaray philosophy the crucial otherness is the other belonging to the other gender. The dialectical process now is in the service of intersubjectivity. Luce Irigaray argues that the recognition of the (...) other as sexuate other offers the possibility to overcome the master – slave dialectics, because between woman and man, man and woman, recognitionrequires the labour of the negative. Irigaray sees in the recognition process the moment of acceptance of one’s own limits and of the limits of the other. Renouncement of the opposition activity / passivity is crucial for Luce Irigaray concept of the two subject’s dialectics. Luce Irigaray’s contribution to the contemporary discussions of the role of passivity and activity in subject’s relationship to the other (Paul Ricoeur, Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas) is crucial. (shrink)

Among the various appropriations and discussions of M.M. Bakhtin’s work, his ‘philosophy of the everday’ has received increasing recognition in Western scholarship that has complemented his reputation as a literary theorist, aesthetician, and linguist. For example, some critics have suggested that Bakhtin’s work on literature springs from his understanding of the novel as a ‘transcendental metaphor’ for life. Others have attempted to adapt Bakhtin’s work on literature and its emancipatory practical orientation to critical social theory. Such interpretive endeavors might be (...) valid in their respective contexts. However, they in effect obscure the fact that Bakhtin starts his intellectual career as a phenomenologist intent on giving a non-aesthetic explanation of the world, i.e., as human beings experience it through cognition and practical action prior to the mediation of art. In one of his earliest pieces, Toward a Philosophy of the Act, Bakhtin sets out to advance the foundations of a prima philosophia, a philosophical ontology that would explain human existence through categories of being rather than through those of representation. No matter how much of Bakhtin’s early work draws on the legacy of other thinkers, such an intention, unequivocally expressed, testifies to his investment in the philosophy of the real, the practical, and the everyday. In Bakhtin’s early essays, the human being—the figure around which his whole philosophy of the 1920’s revolves—is explicitly portrayed as a living, breathing individual and is carefully distinguished from a literary ‘hero’. (shrink)

This article provides a methodological tool for studying central civil service management structures (CCSMS) and their role in de-politicizing the civil service, thereby contributing to evidence-based civil service management. This tool can be used in comparative studies of CCSMS across, but also within countries, since civil service management functions are often split between several central organizations in one country. The comparative study of CCSMS is particularly useful for contemporary policy makers in EU member states, who currently face the challenge of (...) reforming civil service systems due to EU pressure. There is therefore an urgent need to establish which type of central structure would effectively support the EU’s favored values of professionalizing and de-politicizing the civil service. Stemming from theory on organizational autonomy, our typology focuses on two key dimensions of the CCSMS that support these values: decision-making autonomy over individual civil servants and structural accountability. (shrink)

In this paper I attempt to study the notion of “folding of a semiotic continuum” in a direction of a possible application to the biological processes. More specifically, the process of obtaining protein structures is compared in this paper to the folding of a semiotic continuum. Consequently, peptide chain is presented as a continuous line potential to be formed in order to create functional units. The functional units are protein structures having certain function in the cell or organism. Moreover, protein (...) folding is analyzed in terms of tension between syntax and semantics. (shrink)

У статті досліджено принципово важливу для сучасної філософії ідею про сутнісний зв’язок справедливості, визнання та ідентичності.Доведено, що справедливість соціальних взаємин зумовлена не так способом розподілу матеріальних благ, як процесами суспільного та індивідуального визнання. Із цієї точки зору, яку обстоюють Ю.Габермас, А.Гонет, Ч.Тейлор, З.Форс, випливає, що саме люди,яким властива гідність, можуть стати не лише об’єктами, а й суб’єктами справедливості, тобто громадянами. Завдяки подоланнюполітичного патерналізму та існуванню індивіда як суб’єкта політичної дії відбувається глибинне переакцентування ідентичності із завузького поля міжособистісного спілкування і формування (...) нової, заснованої на людській гідності та чесності, моделі соціальної справедливості та постконвенційної ідентичності. Таким чином, автор доходить висновку, що саме визнання є тією найширшою нормативною категорією, яка обіймає і справедливість, і ідентичність, а їх економічні і культурно-символічні виміри мають бути пов’язані між собою. У такий спосіб можна вибудувати адекватну сьогоденню справедливу теорію ідентичності, а також уникнути репресивного комунітаризму, який акцентує увагу на цінностях своєї спільноти та нехтує можливістю для кожного індивіда бути рівноправним учасником соціального простору загалом. (shrink)

Słowo „ciot(k)a” to przede wszystkim obelga kierowana w stronę homoseksualnych mężczyzn, która jest jednak stopniowo rekontekstulizowana i odzyskiwana w języku, kulturze i aktywizmie osób LGBT. Zakres i chronologia tego odzyskiwania pozostają sporne wśród badaczy. Artykuł rekonstruuje bieżące debaty wokół tego, jak kategoria „cioty” była używana w latach dziewięćdziesiątych w prasie dla homoseksualnych mężczyzn. Po omówieniu różnic między wnioskami z trzech badań, z których jedno jest mojego autorstwa, zastanawiam się nad możliwymi przyczynami rozbieżności. Omawiane czynniki to różnice metodologiczne między analizą mediów (...) z perspektywy studiów kulturowych i socjolingwistyki, ocena ironii i kampu oraz czynniki genderowe związane z usytuowaniem badaczy. Twierdzę, że stawką przedstawionych analiz jest polityczna moc rekonstekstualizowanych obelg. (shrink)

En las notas preparatorias de las tesis Sobre el concepto de historia [1940] (2009), Walter Benjamin señala que el materialista histórico debe, al recorrer la “estructura de la historia”, realizar un “análisis espectral” [Spektralanalyse]. Más allá de la familiaridad que Benjamin haya tenido con el método físico del análisis espectral, partimos de aquí para desprender un tema central, que es el de la epistemología de la imagen para un modelo de historia ya dialectizado con la naturaleza, en este caso, el (...) de Walter Benjamin y Aby Warburg. No solo es importante la noción de imagen e imagen dialéctica presente en los autores, sino también aquello que se contiene y transmite en la imagen, lo cual proviene de temporalidades pasadas. Por esto abordamos la idea de pervivencia [Nachleben] en ambos autores, y cómo esta se codifica, en el pensamiento de Waburg, en la idea de una vida energética y en las nociones de dinamograma, engrama y memoria. Lo que nos interesa de habilitar una mirada más amplia para con la historia, es exponer que la separación dicotómica entre historia y naturaleza -criticada tanto por Warburg como por Benjamin- inhabilita la posibilidad de captar un ámbito de lo objetual que es independiente del hombre, esto es, la energía o la fuerza que se contiene en el seno de una imagen, de allí lo interesante de tomar la mirada del físico para con la historia. (shrink)

Автор статті виходить з того, що саме пошуки засад справедливого рівного розподілу актуалізує питання про особливу роль рівності та її межі в царині справедливості, які й стали предметом особливої уваги відомого німецького філософа Ш.Ґосепата. Аналіз основних засад та принципів його політичної антропології свідчить про те, що осмислення справедливості як важливої засади моралі і права, Ґосепат розпочинає з дослідження проблеми людської гідності та можливості обгрунтування соціальних прав людини за допомогою принципу справедливості соціального розподілу. У статті виокремлено також сенс тлумачення Ґосепатом, у (...) межах його філософського концепту соціальної справедливості, людської автономії та доведено, що запропонований ним принцип справедливого розподілу суспільних благ випливає з моралі рівної поваги. В означеному контексті наголошується на важливості опертя політичної антропології та філософії Ґозепата на твори Ю.Габермаса, Р.Дворкіна, Е.Туґендгата, Р.Форста, які послідовно розгортають принципи рівної поваги до людської гідності. У статті зроблено висновок про те, що Ґосепат, постулюючи розподільну концепцію соціальної справедливості, залишає поза увагою перше питання справедливості – питання про витоки несправедливих соціальних відносин. Адже гідність людини порушується тоді, коли людина лише отримує свою, призначену зверху, частку справедливості, а не самостійно творить її. (shrink)

Contributed paper concerns the misleading ways of argumentation caused by ambiguity of natural language as Aristotle describes them in his writing On Sophistical Refutations. It will be shown that traditional and generally accepted interpretation of these paralogisms is inappropriate and new solution will be proposed.

New discoveries in the life sciences have affirmed that the virtual script as well as its context-dependent reading and interpretation determine the final living creature. An extended understanding of Darwinian Theory is crucial for understanding life as semiosis in terms of Peirce and Eco’s semiotic models. The semiosis of living systems is potentially unlimited. Genes are not static and unchangeable scripts, but can always be reinterpreted by new interpretants that illuminate them from different points of view, depending on which properties (...) are relevant in a particular context. The encyclopedia is a term, in Umberto Eco’s semiotics, which represents the multidimensional space of semiosis that is governed by a self-sustaining production of interpretants. The paper will present the idea of understanding the Extended Synthesis in terms of a biosemiotic enyclopedia. (shrink)

The present paper attempts to demonstrate semiotic arguments against the sequence → structure → function paradigm in protein studies. The unidirectional deterministic thinking in biological processes has been challenged by several disciplines of life sciences and philosophy. Biosemiotics comprehends living organisms as actively participating in their present and somehow creating or shaping their future, having a plurality of options for acting. Determinism and unidirectionality are in contradiction with a biosemiotic approach towards life, mostly when considering Peirce’s triadic concept of semiosis. (...) In this paper, a Peircean biosemiotic approach is applied to proteins and to the process of protein folding. Two main concepts are presented to support the arguments against the SSF paradigm in protein studies: the NonReduction Theorem and the notion of folded continuum. A processual approach is proposed as the most suitable for descriptions of proteins and their functions. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Many studies have focused on the contributions and/or convergences among the ideas of Bakhtin, Vološinov and Medvedev, and other authors. Brazilian and foreign researchers have shown convergences between the thought of the German philosopher Ernst Cassirer and the aforementioned Russian thinkers. Cassirer problematizes what would give unity to culture, and this is a problem with which Bakhtin, Vološinov and Medvedev are also concerned. Thus, this article analyzes how this question (“what gives unity to culture?”) was answered, seeking convergences among (...) thoughts. We have gone through some of Cassirer’s writings to show how the philosopher has analyzed culture from a unity constituted by symbolization. Next, we see how this issue was addressed by Medvedev and Vološinov. Finally, we seek the way in which Bakhtin sought to understand cultural unity in the essay “The problem of content, material and form”. (shrink)

The expansion of research on deep brain stimulation (DBS) and adaptive DBS (aDBS) raises important neuroethics and policy questions related to data sharing. However, there has been little empirical research on the perspectives of experts developing these technologies. We conducted semi-structured, open-ended interviews with aDBS researchers regarding their data sharing practices and their perspectives on ethical and policy issues related to sharing. Researchers expressed support for and a commitment to sharing, with most saying that they were either sharing their data (...) or would share in the future and that doing so was important for advancing the field. However, those who are sharing reported a variety of sharing partners, suggesting heterogeneity in sharing practices and lack of the broad sharing that would reflect principles of open science. Researchers described several concerns and barriers related to sharing, including privacy and confidentiality, the usability of shared data by others, ownership and control of data (including potential commercialization), and limited resources for sharing. They also suggested potential solutions to these challenges, including additional safeguards to address privacy issues, standardization and transparency in analysis to address issues of data usability, professional norms and heightened cooperation to address issues of ownership and control, and streamlining of data transmission to address resource limitations. Researchers also offered a range of views on the sensitivity of neural activity data (NAD) and data related to mental health in the context of sharing. These findings are an important input to deliberations by researchers, policymakers, neuroethicists, and other stakeholders as they navigate ethics and policy questions related to aDBS research. (shrink)