Experiencia, cuerpo y montaje: una lectura sobre la subjetividad como problema semejante entre la filosofía de Walter Benjamin y el teatro-danza de Pina Bausch. Resumen de Tesis de doctorado en Filosofía de Ludmila Hlebovich.

This exploratory study aims at integrating the psychometric approach to studying creativity with an eye-tracking methodology and thinking-aloud protocols to potentially untangle the nuances of the creative process. Wearing eye-tracking glasses, one hundred adults solved a drawing creativity test – The Test of Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP) – and provided spontaneous comments during this process. Indices of visual activity collected during the eye-tracking phase explained a substantial amount of variance in psychometric scores obtained in the test. More importantly, however, clear (...) signs of methodological synergy were observed when all three sources (psychometrics, eye-tracking, and coded thinking-aloud statements) were integrated. The findings illustrate benefits of using a blended methodology for a more insightful analysis of creative processes, including creative learning and creative problem-solving. (shrink)

In this paper I attempt to study the notion of “folding of a semiotic continuum” in a direction of a possible application to the biological processes. More specifically, the process of obtaining protein structures is compared in this paper to the folding of a semiotic continuum. Consequently, peptide chain is presented as a continuous line potential to be formed in order to create functional units. The functional units are protein structures having certain function in the cell or organism. Moreover, protein (...) folding is analyzed in terms of tension between syntax and semantics. (shrink)

The present paper attempts to demonstrate semiotic arguments against the sequence → structure → function paradigm in protein studies. The unidirectional deterministic thinking in biological processes has been challenged by several disciplines of life sciences and philosophy. Biosemiotics comprehends living organisms as actively participating in their present and somehow creating or shaping their future, having a plurality of options for acting. Determinism and unidirectionality are in contradiction with a biosemiotic approach towards life, mostly when considering Peirce’s triadic concept of semiosis. (...) In this paper, a Peircean biosemiotic approach is applied to proteins and to the process of protein folding. Two main concepts are presented to support the arguments against the SSF paradigm in protein studies: the NonReduction Theorem and the notion of folded continuum. A processual approach is proposed as the most suitable for descriptions of proteins and their functions. (shrink)

Słowo „ciot(k)a” to przede wszystkim obelga kierowana w stronę homoseksualnych mężczyzn, która jest jednak stopniowo rekontekstulizowana i odzyskiwana w języku, kulturze i aktywizmie osób LGBT. Zakres i chronologia tego odzyskiwania pozostają sporne wśród badaczy. Artykuł rekonstruuje bieżące debaty wokół tego, jak kategoria „cioty” była używana w latach dziewięćdziesiątych w prasie dla homoseksualnych mężczyzn. Po omówieniu różnic między wnioskami z trzech badań, z których jedno jest mojego autorstwa, zastanawiam się nad możliwymi przyczynami rozbieżności. Omawiane czynniki to różnice metodologiczne między analizą mediów (...) z perspektywy studiów kulturowych i socjolingwistyki, ocena ironii i kampu oraz czynniki genderowe związane z usytuowaniem badaczy. Twierdzę, że stawką przedstawionych analiz jest polityczna moc rekonstekstualizowanych obelg. (shrink)

The positions of Christian Wolff and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving it are here analysed. God is central to Wolff’s philosophical system and the fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical philosophy. Although Wolff insists that the natural law is inherent in human nature and can therefore be comprehended by human reason without turning to divine revelation, in reality God (...) is the creator of this natural law and the cause of its perfection. Accordingly, faith in the true God in Wolff’s philosophy is obligatory for achieving the supreme degree of virtue, whereas pagans and atheists can achieve only its lowest degree. Kant criticises traditional proofs of the existence of God both in his pre-critical and critical periods. The author looks at the role God plays in Kant’s practical philosophy. Comparing the positions of Kant and Wolff, the author finds many similarities between them. Chief of them is that although both thinkers saw the moral/natural law as universal and obligating regardless of a person’s faith in God, in fact faith in God turned out to be an inevitable consequence of the true moral attitude of the individual. (shrink)

Dans les cours italiennes du xve siècle, la danse et le combat, essentiels dans l’éducation du noble, participent à la définition de la place et du comportement des femmes et des hommes. Les maîtres à danser du Quattrocento, construisent et définissent la théorie et la pratique d’une danse savante et produisent un discours conforme à des normes politiques, sociales et genrées. Guillaume le Juif, définit précisément le rôle et la place de la femme qui danse. Antonio Corazzino, également homme d’armes, (...) poète et humaniste, exprime une vision de la bienséance, qui participe d'une conception plus générale des rôles attribués au genre. Les valeurs viriles assument une prééminence évidente dans l’évolution de la vie des cours. Les techniques du corps incarnent une réalité et un discours politique. Dans l'ensemble de son œuvre, le masculin et le féminin s’incarnent notamment dans les modèles de Mars et de Vénus, les deux faces de la Concordia discors, dans la femme qui danse et l’homme qui combat. (shrink)

The Russian icon was always related to the soul of the Russian painter, his anxiety and his emotions. Through the icon the russian has always expressed his faith and mentained the bundle with God. The icon has been considered by the russian people a bridge between human and divinity. The Russian people belive into an russian Christ. The Russian icon embodys the russian nature, his strength of creation and of adaption, but especially the russian soul. It is been capitalized the (...) icon painting of the greatest painters: Andrei Rubliov, Teofan Grecul Dionisie, as well as icon painting, starting from the novgorodiana school (the 11th century) till the 20th century, when big names of icon artists appared, such as Kondrafiev, Filatov, Zubov, A. Ivanov. (shrink)

The article concerns one of the principal and most important concepts of Kant’s philosophy, namely the concept of postulate. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, systematic theoretical cognition and compliance with the moral law become impossible. However, this peculiarity of Kant’s terminology is often ignored, which causes misunderstanding of the role and functions of Kant’s doctrine of postulates as a whole.

This article provides a methodological tool for studying central civil service management structures (CCSMS) and their role in de-politicizing the civil service, thereby contributing to evidence-based civil service management. This tool can be used in comparative studies of CCSMS across, but also within countries, since civil service management functions are often split between several central organizations in one country. The comparative study of CCSMS is particularly useful for contemporary policy makers in EU member states, who currently face the challenge of (...) reforming civil service systems due to EU pressure. There is therefore an urgent need to establish which type of central structure would effectively support the EU’s favored values of professionalizing and de-politicizing the civil service. Stemming from theory on organizational autonomy, our typology focuses on two key dimensions of the CCSMS that support these values: decision-making autonomy over individual civil servants and structural accountability. (shrink)

У статті досліджено принципово важливу для сучасної філософії ідею про сутнісний зв’язок справедливості, визнання та ідентичності.Доведено, що справедливість соціальних взаємин зумовлена не так способом розподілу матеріальних благ, як процесами суспільного та індивідуального визнання. Із цієї точки зору, яку обстоюють Ю.Габермас, А.Гонет, Ч.Тейлор, З.Форс, випливає, що саме люди,яким властива гідність, можуть стати не лише об’єктами, а й суб’єктами справедливості, тобто громадянами. Завдяки подоланнюполітичного патерналізму та існуванню індивіда як суб’єкта політичної дії відбувається глибинне переакцентування ідентичності із завузького поля міжособистісного спілкування і формування (...) нової, заснованої на людській гідності та чесності, моделі соціальної справедливості та постконвенційної ідентичності. Таким чином, автор доходить висновку, що саме визнання є тією найширшою нормативною категорією, яка обіймає і справедливість, і ідентичність, а їх економічні і культурно-символічні виміри мають бути пов’язані між собою. У такий спосіб можна вибудувати адекватну сьогоденню справедливу теорію ідентичності, а також уникнути репресивного комунітаризму, який акцентує увагу на цінностях своєї спільноти та нехтує можливістю для кожного індивіда бути рівноправним учасником соціального простору загалом. (shrink)

New discoveries in the life sciences have affirmed that the virtual script as well as its context-dependent reading and interpretation determine the final living creature. An extended understanding of Darwinian Theory is crucial for understanding life as semiosis in terms of Peirce and Eco’s semiotic models. The semiosis of living systems is potentially unlimited. Genes are not static and unchangeable scripts, but can always be reinterpreted by new interpretants that illuminate them from different points of view, depending on which properties (...) are relevant in a particular context. The encyclopedia is a term, in Umberto Eco’s semiotics, which represents the multidimensional space of semiosis that is governed by a self-sustaining production of interpretants. The paper will present the idea of understanding the Extended Synthesis in terms of a biosemiotic enyclopedia. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo propongo reconstruir y analizar críticamente las referencias a la danza que se encuentran en relación con la figura de la prostituta en la Obra de los pasajes [Das Passagen-Werk] de Walter Benjamin. Para ello tengo en consideración, por un lado, la cuestión de la relación entre filosofía y danza y, por otro lado, dos de las interpretaciones más revisitadas en torno a la figura de la prostituta: la de Buck-Morss, quien enfatiza que Benjamin relega a la (...) prostituta al carácter de mercancía, y la de Weigel, quien pondera en la lectura benjaminiana el vínculo entre la prostituta y la noción de umbral. Sopesando estas perspectivas planteo que el montaje como propuesta metódica para la Obra de los pasajes es lo que permite que aparezcan y cobren valor algunas referencias a la danza en el pensamiento benjaminiano. Asimismo planteo que si se atiende a las menciones que Benjamin realiza no sólo de las danzas de precisión sino también de las danzas de salón se abona la lectura que vincula el trabajo de la prostituta y bailarina con la experiencia del umbral. (shrink)

Peirce’s sign model is introduced as incompatible with structural semiology in the majority of semiotics textbooks. In this paper, I would like to argue against this general polarization of the semiotic discipline. I focus on compatibilities between Lucien Tesnière’s syntactic theory (verbal valency) and Peirce’s logic of relatives. My main argument is that structural linguistics is not necessarily dyadic, and that Peirce’s sign doctrine is perfectly structural. To define the structural approach in Peirce, I analyze the notions of form (structure) (...) and substance in Hjelmslev and Peirce. The aim of my argument is to contribute to attempts to introduce Peirce’s theory to the field of linguistics in the hope that such an integration will be beneficiary for general linguistics. To extend and support my argument, I provide some examples from biology where Peirce’s theory has been applied. I demonstrate an analogy between the biological structures of proteins and the structure of a sentence with Peirce’s own writings. I consequently introduce Peirce as the first structural semiologist and as the first biolinguist. (shrink)

Contributed paper concerns the misleading ways of argumentation caused by ambiguity of natural language as Aristotle describes them in his writing On Sophistical Refutations. It will be shown that traditional and generally accepted interpretation of these paralogisms is inappropriate and new solution will be proposed.

The essay focuses on the aesthetic ideas of the informal association of the Russian artists known as “the World of Art”. The members of this association shared those clearly pronounced trends of aestheticism that had manifested in contemporaneous Europe as Art Nouveau, Secession, and Jugendstil. The main representatives and ideologists of the association, such artists as A. Benois, K. Somov, and M. Dobuzhinsky, sought to show, through both their art and their theoretical ideas, that most important in art is not (...) any social, domestic, political and other utilitarian perspective, but rather the artistic, aesthetic quality and beauty. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Many studies have focused on the contributions and/or convergences among the ideas of Bakhtin, Vološinov and Medvedev, and other authors. Brazilian and foreign researchers have shown convergences between the thought of the German philosopher Ernst Cassirer and the aforementioned Russian thinkers. Cassirer problematizes what would give unity to culture, and this is a problem with which Bakhtin, Vološinov and Medvedev are also concerned. Thus, this article analyzes how this question (“what gives unity to culture?”) was answered, seeking convergences among (...) thoughts. We have gone through some of Cassirer’s writings to show how the philosopher has analyzed culture from a unity constituted by symbolization. Next, we see how this issue was addressed by Medvedev and Vološinov. Finally, we seek the way in which Bakhtin sought to understand cultural unity in the essay “The problem of content, material and form”. (shrink)

Автор статті виходить з того, що саме пошуки засад справедливого рівного розподілу актуалізує питання про особливу роль рівності та її межі в царині справедливості, які й стали предметом особливої уваги відомого німецького філософа Ш.Ґосепата. Аналіз основних засад та принципів його політичної антропології свідчить про те, що осмислення справедливості як важливої засади моралі і права, Ґосепат розпочинає з дослідження проблеми людської гідності та можливості обгрунтування соціальних прав людини за допомогою принципу справедливості соціального розподілу. У статті виокремлено також сенс тлумачення Ґосепатом, у (...) межах його філософського концепту соціальної справедливості, людської автономії та доведено, що запропонований ним принцип справедливого розподілу суспільних благ випливає з моралі рівної поваги. В означеному контексті наголошується на важливості опертя політичної антропології та філософії Ґозепата на твори Ю.Габермаса, Р.Дворкіна, Е.Туґендгата, Р.Форста, які послідовно розгортають принципи рівної поваги до людської гідності. У статті зроблено висновок про те, що Ґосепат, постулюючи розподільну концепцію соціальної справедливості, залишає поза увагою перше питання справедливості – питання про витоки несправедливих соціальних відносин. Адже гідність людини порушується тоді, коли людина лише отримує свою, призначену зверху, частку справедливості, а не самостійно творить її. (shrink)

Drawing on the model of Grandey, it was proposed that the attitude towards occupation could buffer the negative effects of emotional labour. A total of 173 teachers participated in the study. Attitudes towards occupation, surface acting, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction were estimated. The indirect measure of the attitude towards occupation was assessed using the Approaching-Avoidance Simulation Method. Confirmatory Factor Analysis proved the validity and reliability of the indirect measurement, which is based on uncontrolled reactions of the respondents towards stimuli (...) representing the profession. The results revealed a positive correlation between attitudes towards occupation and indicators of employees’ well-being. The indirect measure of attitude towards occupation turned out to be a significant moderator of the relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction. The results raise interesting questions about the connection between indirect measures of attitudes towards occupation and employee well-being. (shrink)

Psychological well-being is one of the greatest concerns in children and adolescents with Borderline Intellectual Functioning. Those youths are frequently exposed to stress and social inequality, and they are particularly prone to developing mental health issues which persist through adolescence and into adult life. The purpose of this article is to introduce a framework for promoting psychological resilience in children and adolescents with BIF. Three interrelated and complementary factors require professional attention and efforts to improve resilience in children with borderline (...) intelligence: a) protecting a child’s self-worth, b) generating sources of social support, c) training of adaptive coping skills. The significance of early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of a child’s development is also discussed. Children with BIF should be provided with internal and external resources to enhance their resilience and ability to confront adversities, and to reduce the risk of mental health issues. (shrink)

This special issue addresses question about the place of quantitative methods in the field of biosemiotics. Many standpoints have been taken by contributing authors to demonstrate that the answer to this question is not straightforward. Considering quantitative methods in biosemiotics is necessarily related to inclusion of other scientific fields and interdisciplinary dialogue.

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como Kant aplicou uma estrutura cognitiva mais abstrata aos objetos da experiência. É possível observar, a partir de um exemplo _in concreto,_ a aplicação dos princípios do entendimento puro, desenvolvidos e estruturados na_ Crítica da Razão Pura_, aos objetos da experiência, neste caso, as proposições empíricas da mecânica newtoniana. Assim, apresentamos a configuração dos argumentos kantianos, sustentando que há uma relação explícita entre os princípios do entendimento puro, e os princípios metafísicos da ciência da (...) natureza, estes desenvolvidos na obra de mesmo nome – _Princípios Metafísicos de Ciência da Natureza_ – e mostramos que essa relação se dá por meio de uma estrutura argumentativa em que os princípios gerais e abstratos da primeira _Crítica_ são premissas para os princípios metafísicos aplicados dos PMCN. Buscamos, assim, provar que a estrutura da filosofia da ciência kantiana é dada, principalmente, por meio das duas obras supracitadas, e é uma teoria que tem como principal objetivo, fundamentar filosoficamente a mecânica newtoniana, a fim de explicar como um conhecimento objetivamente válido dos fenômenos do mundo é possível. (shrink)

En las notas preparatorias de las tesis Sobre el concepto de historia [1940] (2009), Walter Benjamin señala que el materialista histórico debe, al recorrer la “estructura de la historia”, realizar un “análisis espectral” [Spektralanalyse]. Más allá de la familiaridad que Benjamin haya tenido con el método físico del análisis espectral, partimos de aquí para desprender un tema central, que es el de la epistemología de la imagen para un modelo de historia ya dialectizado con la naturaleza, en este caso, el (...) de Walter Benjamin y Aby Warburg. No solo es importante la noción de imagen e imagen dialéctica presente en los autores, sino también aquello que se contiene y transmite en la imagen, lo cual proviene de temporalidades pasadas. Por esto abordamos la idea de pervivencia [Nachleben] en ambos autores, y cómo esta se codifica, en el pensamiento de Waburg, en la idea de una vida energética y en las nociones de dinamograma, engrama y memoria. Lo que nos interesa de habilitar una mirada más amplia para con la historia, es exponer que la separación dicotómica entre historia y naturaleza -criticada tanto por Warburg como por Benjamin- inhabilita la posibilidad de captar un ámbito de lo objetual que es independiente del hombre, esto es, la energía o la fuerza que se contiene en el seno de una imagen, de allí lo interesante de tomar la mirada del físico para con la historia. (shrink)

Since the first degrees of musicality of mankind, the music became a sphere of investigation for naturalists (Darwin), economists (Karl Bücher), philosophers (Spencer, Schopenhauer, Cioran), who tried to explain, through their theories, the process of the beginning and settlement of this phenomenon as well as its influence on the human being.Schopenhauer will consider art, and especially music, as the only liberating form from delusion and suffering, from the omnipotence will to live. Making a strange parallelism between music and the will (...) to live, Schopenhauer will find between these two a report of identity: “the world is an incarnation of music as well as an incarnation of Will: There is no art besides music that expresses an ideal aspect of Will, the Will itself in its purest essence”.If at Schopenhauer the music expresses the Will itself in its purest essence, at Emil Cioran “the metaphysical madness of the musical experience… weakens the will to live and the vital main springs”.Through music Emil Cioran found the way to himself, to his ego and his profound musical nature.The moments of separating of the delusions world are for the human being moments in which the entire existence feels like a melody and all of the being’s sufferings assemble and melt into “a convergence of sounds, into a musical enthusiasm and into a warm and resonant universal community”, into a “sweet and rhythmic immateriality”. (shrink)

Since the first degrees of musicality of mankind, the music became a sphere of investigation for naturalists (Darwin), economists (Karl Bücher), philosophers (Spencer, Schopenhauer, Cioran), who tried to explain, through their theories, the process of the beginning and settlement of this phenomenon as well as its influence on the human being.Schopenhauer will consider art, and especially music, as the only liberating form from delusion and suffering, from the omnipotence will to live. Making a strange parallelism between music and the will (...) to live, Schopenhauer will find between these two a report of identity: “the world is an incarnation of music as well as an incarnation of Will: There is no art besides music that expresses an ideal aspect of Will, the Will itself in its purest essence”.If at Schopenhauer the music expresses the Will itself in its purest essence, at Emil Cioran “the metaphysical madness of the musical experience… weakens the will to live and the vital main springs”.Through music Emil Cioran found the way to himself, to his ego and his profound musical nature.The moments of separating of the delusions world are for the human being moments in which the entire existence feels like a melody and all of the being’s sufferings assemble and melt into “a convergence of sounds, into a musical enthusiasm and into a warm and resonant universal community”, into a “sweet and rhythmic immateriality”. (shrink)

This paper examines the issue of Islamic political philosophy in terms of prophecy, revelation and divine law. It is important to note that philosophy, and Islamic politics are in a good relation with religion. In the present study I have developed this connection through the philosophical theories of the medieval philosopher Al-Farabi. What are the differences and similarities between philosophy and divine law, or between a philosopher and prophet? What are Al-Farabi’s most important political theories and what are the concepts (...) of virtuous city and democratic city? What is the philosophy of the Quran? Our study seeks to answer all this questions. The divine law sets the beliefs and actions of the Islamic community, while the theoretical aspects which relate to it are entrusted to the philosophers. Theology is a discipline which protects divine law and establishes the truth of a special revelation, political theology being complementary to political philosophy. Theology tries to develop a rational and coherent understanding of the divine law, to find out what is the prophecy and to differentiate the true prophets from the false ones. (shrink)