Résumé Le présent travail de recherche retrace la scène mythique du Coup de l’éventail qui opposa le Dey d’Alger Hussein Pacha et le Consul français Pierre Deval en 1827. Nous examinons dans quelle mesure l’interprétation dudit incident pourrait entraver le recours à la sémiotique dans les études historiographiques en reposant sur les théories sémiotiques de Greimas, de Fontanille et de Zilberberg. L’analyse sémiotique des iconographies représentant l’incident a révélé à quel point ce dernier ne pourrait se désubjectiviser bien que Greimas (...) ait déjà proposé de jumeler les deux étapes l’archivage et l’analyse qui devraient être menés par un actant collectif dans le but d’atteindre une «désubjectivisation totalitaire» des faits. S’ajoutant à cela la problématique du découpage temporel qui persiste, l’historien serait incapable d’étudier les modèles de transformation dans le même temps et dans le même ordre car les transformations jouissent d’un caractère irréversible. Or, les signes historiques sont exempts de virtualité, ce qui remet en cause l’intégrité du signe historique. Greimas espérait aboutir à travers le concept de simulacre à une forme du passé narrativisée et débrayée, l’énonciation va ainsi permettre de doter les éléments hétérogènes abondants du passé d’une valeur énonciative mais cela reste difficile à réaliser. Nous reconnaissons néanmoins que le ne pas pouvoir savoir épistémique est un composant légitime de l’incident historique. (shrink)

Recently, management literature has sought to examine the role of institutional entrepreneurs in the emergence of commons logic and in building consensus around its meaning. While the focus has been on new commons, not all are created ex nihilo. Some types of preexisting commons, known as contested commons, often pose challenges that result in disagreements and conflicts with respect to their ownership, use, and management. These commons are a ubiquitous yet understudied phenomenon. In this paper, we use the case of (...) the Tunisian Oasis of Jemna, pictured against the historical backdrop of the Arab Spring, to look at the institutional struggles that involve institutional entrepreneurs and the opponents of a contested commons. We identify two main strategies used by institutional entrepreneurs to frame the commons as a superior alternative: idealizing the commons and coalescing the community to harness its potential. We also highlight the heretofore neglected role of opponents, who engage in demonizing the commons to restore the competing logics of state or market. Finally, we unravel some of the conditions that allow for a temporary settlement of the contest, leading to what we term de facto commons. (shrink)

This current study aims to know the impact of a nurse completing his educational attainment and its impact on the health services provided to society in general. It is also important to know the effect of completing his educational attainment on the quality of work and better dealing with patients and medical staff. It is also important to know its impact on increasing the organization of his time at work. Knowing its impact on increasing his efficiency in his work environment, (...) A questionnaire was prepared via Google Drive and distributed to the population aged 25-55 years, men and women, in the city of Mecca. As for the questionnaire, it was distributed via the social networking program (WhatsApp) for the purpose of distancing for fear of the presence of the Corona virus. 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 395 responses were obtained via email to the principal researcher. The current study concluded that the impact of completing the educational attainment of male and female nurses and its impact on the health service provided was a very positive impact of 94.8%, and it also helped improve the health service provided to patients by a greater percentage of 90%. (shrink)