Die Arbeiten von Voss, Hastedt und Kochinka zeigen durch ihren Gliederungs- und Argumentationsstil, wie weit verzweigt und beziehungsreich die emotionstheoretische Diskussion inzwischen ist. Extreme Meinungen sind seltener geworden, Referat und Integration bestimmen den Zugang zu vorhandenen Ansätzen. Emotionen sind heute, anders als in der Gefühlsphilosophie des 18. Jahrhunderts, kein originäres philosophisches Problem, sondern durch Defizite und Vermittlungsschwierigkeiten einzelner Diskussionskontexte in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt. Die Arbeiten, die in den letzten Jahren Gefühle im Titel führten, haben demzufolge oft bilanzierenden (...) Status. Herausfordernde, bizarre Thesen sind eher Sache metaphysisch tendierender Naturwissenschaftler geworden. Der soziokulturelle Kontext der gefühlstheoretischen Konjunktur ist in den explizit philosophisch gemeinten Werken nicht immer sichtbar. Geisteswissenschaftliche Synopsen wie die von Pulcini und Illouz machen verständlich, unter welchen kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen 'Gefühle` zum Objekt von Verlustängsten als auch philosophischen Interesses werden konnten. (shrink)

Central African highland farmers' perceptions of common bean disease were investigated using both phytopathology and anthropological techniques. Farmers rarely mentioned diseases as production constraints in formal questionnaires. More participatory research showed farmers often related disease symptoms to the effects of rain and soil depletion for fungal diseases, or to varietal traits for bean common mosaic virus. Rain or moisture is divided into numerous forms through which it can damage plants, both physically and through putrefaction. Most conditions associated with putrefaction appear (...) to be linked to pathogens. Farmers have an understanding of plant health closely related to their concept of human health. In plants, this understanding is based on the prior state of plant health. Conceptually, local disease management strategies are based on prevention by managing the conditions that promote good plant health rather than by treating disease symptoms. Intervention strategies that build on local knowledge are encouraged. (shrink)

The ‘mineness’ of thoughts has often been accepted as indubitable in philosophy. However, the symptom of thought insertion in schizophrenia seems to be an empirical counterexample to the dictum that every introspected thought is one's own. We present a thorough conceptual analysis of mineness of thought, distinguishing between ownership and authorship . We argue that it is indeed a conceptual truth that introspected thoughts are owned by the introspector. However, there are everyday and pathological cases of thoughts, for which we (...) do not ascribe authorship to ourselves. To explain inserted thoughts, however, we need an additional factor which is constituted by the lack of control over inserted thoughts . We present a review of empirical data on thought control and thought insertion in the light of the conceptual analysis. We conclude with a summary of the most important future direction of research. (shrink)

It is now well-established that physical activity has positive effects on both physical and mental health. However, the influence of organized physical activity on school adaptive behavior of adolescents with disabilities and/or behavioral disorders remains unclear. School behavior adaptation involves the ability to learn, conform to school norms and manage school activities without major behavior conflicts. A cross-sectional study was conducted to test the differences between organized physical activity and non-organized physical activity in an after school program. Eighty Romanian adolescents (...) were recruited and allocated to three groups: with disabilities [Ds; N = 17, Mage = 14.55 years, 12 males and 5 females], with conduct disorders [CDs, N = 21, Mage = 14.52 years 16 males and 5 females], and participants who had not shown signs of conduct disorders or disabilities [as a control group; N = 42, Mage = 14.2 years 20 males and 22 females]. Personality traits, school behavior, and sensorimotor coordination were assessed by using the Eysenck personality questionnaire—junior scale, school in-adaptability questionnaire scale, and Vienna Test System Sport respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA and discriminant analysis were used to examine differences between the psychological and sensorimotor coordination outcomes across three groups and three types of physical activity context: organized physical activity, non-organized physical activity, and no physical activity. The findings indicate that not participating in an organized physical activity program results in a reduced level of physical mobility and consequently is associated with maladaptive social and psychological outcomes. Thus, we argued that attending in an organized physical activity program is more beneficial for participants with disabilities and/or behavior disorders, due to an increase in the probability of school integration and development of their motor skills. Clearly more research is needed in order to investigate these effects in neurophysiological levels. (shrink)

Jürgen Habermas; XIV*—On the Cognitive Content of Morality, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 96, Issue 1, 1 June 1996, Pages 335–358, https://doi.

This article discusses the complex space of the city as an urban milieu of vitality. On the skin of the city, a permanent change of its physical and physiognomic appearance takes place. The alternation of urban “faces” is constituted situationally in the structures and wrinkles of the skin. However, characteristic features of urban quarters do not only appear visually; they become bodily felt and are perceptible as holistic impressions, emanating from atmospheric “vital qualities”. Therefore, lively urban districts are discussed as (...) “body islands” in urban space. Seen from this vitalistic perspective, the city is not only a world of rational actors—as it is common ground in the social sciences—but also an unpredictable space of performativity. (shrink)

Translation of: Geist, Gehirn, Verhalten.

Science is knowledge gained and justified methodically. It is achieved by research and theory formation. But what is a methodical procedure and what are methodically established justifications? What kind of principles must be observed in order to obtain the degree of objectivity that is generally claimed by science? What is the relation between science in the research mode and science in presentation mode, i.e., in its theoretical form? Do the same principles hold here? And how are they justified? Is it (...) even possible to speak of justification in a theoretical sense? Or do we have to be content with less – with corroboration and confirmation? Is the distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification the last word in methodical and theoretical matters? And how does this distinction relate to that between research and presentation – the constitution of objects on the one hand and propositions about them on the other? The analyses and constructions in this book take up these questions. They are explicitly intended as philosophical contributions, not only in the sense implied by the disciplinary use of the term philosophy of science, but also in the sense of a reflection on science that, alongside more technical aspects of methodologies and elements of theories, also has an eye for anthropological and cultural aspects. (shrink)

This volume brings together a range of theoretical responses to issues in Irish politics. Its organising ideas: recognition, equality, and democracy set the terms of political debate within both jurisdictions. For some, there are significant tensions between the grammar of recognition, concerned with esteem, respect and the symbolic aspects of social life, and the logic of equality, which is primarily concerned with the distribution of material resources and formal opportunities, while for others, tensions are produced rather by certain interpretations of (...) these ideas while alternative readings may, by contrast, serve as the basis for a systematic account of social and political inequality. The essays in this collection will explore these interconnections with reference to the politics of Northern Ireland and the Republic. The Republic has gone through a period in which its constitution was the focus for a liberal politics aimed at securing personal autonomy, while Northern Ireland’s political landscape has been shaped by the problem of securing political autonomy and democratic legitimacy. While the papers address key questions facing each particular polity, the issues themselves have resonances for politics on each side of the border. (shrink)

Das griechische Denken stellt nicht nur den Anfang der Philosophie im europäischen Sinne dar, es bestimmt auch bis heute hinsichtlich der Theorieform des Denkens die philosophische und wissenschaftliche Denkform. Schwerpunkte bilden (1) die konstruktiven Elemente in Wissenschaft (Beispiel: Kosmologie) und Philosophie (Beispiel: die geometrischen Wurzeln der platonischen Ideenlehre), (2) die Verbindung von Vernunft und Leben (z.B. im sokratischen Dialog), (3) die Metaphysik (platonische Ideenlehre, aristotelische Substanztheorie), (4) die Logik (im propädeutischen wie im technischen Sinne) und (5) die griechische Gegenwart (im (...) Hinblick auf den griechischen Rationalitätsbegriff und auf institutionelle Verhältnisse in Schule und Universität). Mit der Rekonstruktion der komplementären Konzeptionen von Platon und Aristoteles soll noch einmal die Idee der Einheit philosophischer und wissenschaftlicher Rationalität dargestellt werden. In diesem Sinne ist Thema des Buches die Herausarbeitung der philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Denkform unter historischen, systematischen und institutionellen Gesichtspunkten. (shrink)

Galileo did not develop a systematic methodology but rather a methodical form which represents an essential part of the development of modern scientific thought. Keywords to the methodical form of Galileo's thought are: 1) The geometrization of the sciences - this refers especially to the explication of the methodological priority of a theory of measurement. 2) Argomento ex suppositione, that is, the coupling of the originally proof-theoretical distinction between analysis and synthesis to elements of a methodology of empirical science. 3) (...) The axiomatic structure of mechanics that corresponds to the modern semantic theory conception and to constructivist conceptions of the philosophy of science. 4) A constructive concept of experience, which replaces the Aristotelian concept of a phenomenal experience in the construction of physics. (shrink)