When external groups accuse a business organization of unethical practices, managers of the accused organization usually offer a communicative response to attempt to protect their organization's public image. Even though many researchers readily concur that analysis of these communicative responses is important to our understanding of business and society conflict, few investigations have focused on developing a theoretical framework for analyzing these communicative strategies used by managers. In addition, research in this area has suffered from a lack of empirical investigation. (...) In this paper we address both of these weaknesses in the existing literature. First, we explicate Impression Management Theory as an appropriate framework for studying organizational communicative responses, paying particular attention to the concept of accounts. Second, we critique previous investigations of organizational accounts and discuss the major contributions of our study. Third, we propose a coding system and content analyze the accounts offered by managers from 21 organizations that were recently the targets of consumer boycotts. Finally, we report the results of our empirical investigation and discuss ethical issues related to organizational accounts. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Buddhist-Christian Studies 22 (2002) 222-228 [Access article in PDF] Book Review Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. Edited by Mary Evelyn Tucker and Duncan Ryuken Williams. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1997. 467 pp. As Mary Evelyn Tucker's foreword explains, this book is part of a series of conferences and publications exploring the relationship between religion and (...) ecology initiated by the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard University. The volume is divided into several sections. In the first section, "Overview: Framing the Issues," Lewis Lancaster provides an excellent overview of the important role of religion in relation to ecology in "Buddhism and Ecology: Collective Cultural Perceptions." In addition, he discusses some of the promise and pitfalls of interpreting Buddhism to ascertain its perspectives on nature, the human/nature relationship, and so forth.The first substantive section, "Theravada Buddhism and Ecology," has a focus on Thailand, with essays by Donald Swearer on Thai Buddhist perspectives on nature, and Leslie Sponsel and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, entitled "Theoretical Analysis of the Potential Contribution of the Monastic Community in Promoting a Green Society in Thailand." Swearer describes the approaches of two preeminent Thai Buddhist monk scholars and activists, Bhikkhu Buddhadasa and Phra Prayudh Payutto, concluding that these two offer distinct but similarly proenvironmental interpretations of Buddha dharma.The Sponsels' essay is less persuasive. Their thesis is that "the local monastic communities of Thailand have the potential to serve as working models of a green society and that some actually do" (48). The evidence they offer is that "by drawing on the environmental wisdom of the dharma, by serving as a model of a green society, and through the power afforded by their liminal status, local monastic communities have significant potential to contribute to the environmental awareness, information, and ethics of the populace" (Sponsel and Sponsel 53). Since the monastic environment is comprised predominantly of males, however, what contribution do women make to these goals, and how do they become educated into environmental awareness? The authors do acknowledge the gender discrimination of the sangha and recognize both that "one of the concomitants of a green society is gender equity" as well as that the gender bias of the sangha and society in Thailand need to change if a green society is to be realized in Thailand (56). However, assuming that women are equal contributors to environmental destruction as well as the potential for rehabilitation, it would seem to be important to use vehicles for environmental education that provide access to females as well as males, rather than monastic institutions composed exclusively of males (at least the formally recognized ones).However, the Sponsels see the greatest obstacle to the attainment of a green society in Thailand to be "the disparity between Buddhist ideals and teachings, on the one hand, and the actual practices of Buddhists, on the other" (56). The authors note that in reality, Thailand is increasingly becoming an environmental disaster rather [End Page 222] than an ecotopia. Although the authors contend that Buddhism is one of the most important resources for resolving environmental problems in Thailand because of its ability to "penetrate to the very roots of the problems and to find lasting solutions rather than merely treat superficial symptoms and single issues," they have failed to describe what these principles are in any detail other than the doctrine of interdependent origination and care for all sentient beings, as well as failing to demonstrate specifically how monks actually provide an example of a green society. Thus, their "hypotheses" remain largely unproven and unsupported.The third section of the volume, "Mahayana Buddhism and Ecology," focuses on Japan. Paul O. Ingram's essay, "The Jeweled Net of Nature," supports the thesis that Shingon (esoteric) Buddhism, especially that of the Japanese monk and scholar Kukai, offer resources for resolving the environmental crisis (as Graham Parkes also does in a later essay in this section). Beginning from the premise that the dualistic, hierarchical, atomizing, androcentric, and sexist characteristics of Western monotheistic religion and... (shrink)

In this article I consider instances in visual culture in which artists and filmmakers aestheticize women with damaged, missing or anomalous limbs. I focus upon Joel Peter Witkin’s photomontage Las Meninas (1987), Peter Greenaway’s film “A Zed and Two Noughts” (1985), Alison Lapper Pregnant a statue by Marc Quinn, Mathew Barney’s film “Cremaster” (2002), David Cronenberg’s “Crash” (1996), Luis Buñuel’s “Tristana” (1970) and David Lynch’s short film “The Amputee” (1973). I argue that although the artists and filmmakers reveal, rather than (...) disguise the damaged, anomalous or missing limb(s) of the women, thus valorising their particular embodiment, these women are paradoxically still portrayed as deviant and monstrous. (shrink)

Utilizing social rhetorical criticism and social cultural texture, this exegetical analysis of John 4 examines the transformational interaction of Jesus and a Samaritan woman. Previous research focuses on the woman’s demographic profile without fully investigating the significance of relational demography in the context of first century Mediterranean culture. This analysis of the social cultural texture of John 4 presents a model for Christian leadership that crosses gender, race, and geographic barriers and capitalizes on the benefits of relational demography for organizational (...) success. (shrink)

Denjenigen, die mit der im Titel angesprochenen Thematik und Problematik auch nur halbwegs vertraut sind, fällt in der Regel sofort das Verdikt Fichtes über das Judentum aus dem Beitrag zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publicums über die französische Revolution von 1793 ein. Es gilt als eines der frühesten Dokumente eines Übergangs vom religiösen Antijudaismus zum politischen Antisemitismus avant la lettre. Nimmt man nun noch die Tatsache hinzu, daß derselbe Philosoph nach verbreitetem Verständnis mit seinen Reden an die deutsche Nation von (...) 1807/8 auch als einer der frühesten Begründer des Nationalismus in Deutschland gilt, so sehen viele Interpreten den weiteren Weg, der schließlich im chauvinistschen Rassenantisemitismus der NS-Zeit endete, geradezu zwanghaft vorgezeichnet. Ein Beispiel für viele andere, die man in der Einleitung meines Buches Fichtes Idee der Nation und das Judentum, das im Oktober 2000 bei Rodopi/amsterdam erschienen ist, zu Hauf finden kann, ist Léon Poliakov: Im 5. Band seiner großen Antisemitismusstudie versteigt er sich zu einer Aussage wie: Fichtes »nationalsozialistische Ausleger hatten es nicht nötig, diese Texte [= der Reden an die deutsche Nation] allzu sehr umzubilden, um den Nachweis erbringen zu können, daß er der erste Prophet der nationalsozialistischen Gottgläubigkeit und des ›arischen Glaubens‹, jenen Eckpfeilern der nebulösen Metaphysik Hitlers gewesen ist.« Nebenbei gesagt: Weder diese beiden Begriffe, noch was immer sie bezeichnen mögen, kommen auch nur entfernt bei Fichte vor, aber das hat weder Poliakov noch andere Fichte-Kritiker, die im Tenor ähnlich geurteilt haben, je gestört. (shrink)

This unique anthology from a seminal period of Germany history contains major writings by nine authors, many never before translated into English. Included in this collection of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century works are Erasmus, Martin Luther, Thomas Muntzer, Johann von Tepl, Sebastian Brant, and Rubianus.

After nearly three decades of discussion about sustainable development are we any nearer to achieving it? And do we even know what a sustainable world will look like for future generations? Early definitions of sustainable development were so broad as to allow a range of interpretations based largely on individual interests and anthropocentric needs. We are measuring the performance of countless indicators of sustainable development, but is this more an exercise in applying data than meaningful progress? This article explores the (...) ultimate goals of sustainable development and the most important means of achieving this by analyzing and comparing two frameworks designed to direct attention to the fundamental means and the ends of sustainable development. (shrink)

Eine semantische Analyse indexikalischer Audrücke muß klären, wie der Sinn dieser Ausdrücke aufzufassen ist und nach welchem Kriterium mit verschiedenen indexikalischen Sätzen dieselbe Proposition ausgedrückt werden kann. Der Sinn eines Indikators fällt nicht mit dem Sinn einer Kennzeichnung zusammen, Indikatoren sind aber auf Kennzeichnungen angewiesen. Zwei geäußerte indexikalische Sätze sind sinngleich, wenn mit ihnen dasselbe Potential von Umständen verbunden ist, unter denen ihre Behauptung berechtigt wäre, und sie in dieser Weise kognitiv gleichwertig sind. Die Festlegung des Referenzobjekts durch indexikalische Ausdrucksmittel, (...) die sich aus der linguistischen Bedeutung des Ausdrucks und seinem Äußerungskontext zusammensetzen, setzt die Fähigkeit von Sprecher und Hörer voraus, sich in einem objektiven Raum-Zeit-System zu orientieren. (shrink)