Introduction Connectedness to nature is a concept that reflects the emotional relationship between the self and the natural environment, based on the theory of biophilia, the innate predisposition to the natural environment. However, the biophobic component has largely been ignored, despite, given its adaptive functional role, being an essential part of the construct. If there is a phylogenetic component underlying nature connectedness, biophilic, and/or biophobic, there should be evidence of this record from early childhood. The main aim of this study (...) is therefore to describe the emotional attributions identified in 5 years old. Methodology Two studies were conducted. In the first, 94 children expressed their concept of nature and made basic emotional attributions to a set of 30 images of natural, using a software designed for the study. In the second, 39 children repeated the procedure and provided explanations for their responses. Results The main results show that, in general, children use both positive and negative emotions, which may be related to a three-dimensional model of emotional attributions to nature. The most widely attributed emotion is happiness. However, fear is the second most common attribution. The role of happiness could be explained by a feeling of security and familiarity, while the importance of fear in nature could show an adaptive response of the fear of wild nature in children. This interpretation could be confirmed when analyzing specifically the emotional attributions, classifying the images according to biological and ecosystemic criteria. Thus, for example, more emotional attributions are explained by the “pleasantness” attributed to primary producers and landscapes (e.g., flora), versus attributions of “harm” to the images of secondary and tertiary consumers (e.g., hunters). Conclusion These results provide evidence in favor of a didactic procedure to study emotional attributions to images of nature in preschool children. They suggest the incorporation of biophobia as an important adaptive factor in connectedness to nature and a tripartite emotional hypothesis based on the valences of the attributed emotions. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o processo de implementação de políticas públicas na área da educação nos municípios de Rio Pardo, Venâncio Aires e Santa Cruz do Sul, localizados no interior do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar como os burocratas de nível de rua influenciam na área da educação em processos includentes e/ou excludentes que afetem a (re)produção ou redução de desigualdades no processo de implementação de políticas públicas. O artigo Burocracia e Implementação de (...) Políticas Públicas: Desafios e Potencialidades para Redução de Desigualdades, de autoria de Gabriela Lotta (2021), foi a base para os dois momentos, tanto o teórico como a pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas aprofundadas com profissionais da área da educação. Após a análise dos resultados, considera-se que a implementação bem-sucedida das políticas públicas deve considerar as avaliações de impacto social que analisem de maneira abrangente como a política afeta as desigualdades. A ausência desse tipo de avaliação pode limitar a compreensão dos resultados e impedir ajustes necessários. (shrink)

Reseñe de ¡Al ladrón! Anarquismo y Filosofía de Catherine Malabou.

La despolitización de la vida civil -- La democracia ante nuevos escenarios -- Liberalismo y comunitarismo revisitados: otras miradas -- Perspectivas políticas sobre/desde la globalización -- Conferencias plenarias.

El siguiente trabajo se circunscribe en los dilemas que vivencia el profesional, el intelectual que se posiciona en una trinchera del conocimiento que tiene causa común con el enfrentamiento del modelo económico-social actual. Analiza la pugna que existe entre la satisfacción de necesidades de la institución donde trabaja y aquellas necesidades explicitas y latentes del grupo humano donde materializa el ejercicio disciplinario La finalidad, entonces, es sumarse al proyecto social que llama a la militancia en el campo, a la resignificación (...) del compromiso intelectual con la clase oprimida, a la lucha que deben dar en el campo los intelectuales, no solo contra el poder simbólico, sino en contra de la razón neoliberal. (shrink)

AimsThis preliminary study aimed to investigate therapy-induced electrophysiological changes in persons with primary progressive aphasia. The investigated event-related potential components associated with language processing were the mismatch negativity, P300, N400, and P600.MethodsA linguistic ERP test battery and standardized language assessment were administered in four patients with PPA of which two received speech-language therapy and two did not receive therapy. The battery was administered twice with approximately 6 months in between in each patient. The results of the follow-up assessments were compared (...) to the results of the initial assessments.ResultsAlthough the results of the behavioral language assessment remained relatively stable between the initial and follow-up assessments, changes in the mean amplitudes, onset latencies, and duration of the ERP components were found in the four patients. In the two patients that did not receive SLT, an increased delay in 50% and a decreased mean amplitude in 25% of the measured ERP components were found. The electrophysiological changes found in the patients that received SLT were variable. Interestingly, the mismatch negativity and the N400 effect elicited by the categorical priming paradigm were less delayed and had an increased mean amplitude at the follow-up assessment in the patient with the non-fluent variant who received SLT. In this patient, the P600 component was absent at the initial assessment but present at the follow-up assessment.ConclusionAlthough no clear patterns in electrophysiological changes between patients who received SLT and patients who did not receive SLT were found by our preliminary study, it seems like the SLT induced improvements or compensation mechanisms in some specific language comprehension processes in the patient with the NFV. The results of this study are still preliminary because only four heterogeneous patients were included. Future studies should include larger patient groups of the three clinical variants because the therapy-induced electrophysiological changes might differ depending on the clinical variant and the underlying pathology. (shrink)

La existencia de representaciones del cuerpo, en especial aquellas que se requerirían para actuar, ha sido objeto de largas controversias. El objetivo de este artículo es defender la idea de que hay representaciones del cuerpo involucradas en la realización de acciones cotidianas. Nuestra tesis será que lo que realmente muestran algunas dudas sobre este tipo de representaciones es que deben tener cierto tipo de contenido no-conceptual. Primero, abordamos dichas dudas, mostrando que no refutan la existencia de las representaciones en cuestión. (...) Sin embargo, señalamos que contienen dos intuiciones clave para cualquier caracterización del contenido de dichas representaciones. Así, pasamos a proponer una caracterización tal, que acomode adecuadamente las intuiciones señaladas. Finalizamos examinando una posible objeción a la propuesta y ofreciendo una lectura tentativa de la relación entre contenidos mentales y acción. (shrink)

This book weaves together apparently disconnected elements of Bertrand Russell’s philosophy and social activism into a coherent narrative about the acclaimed twentieth-century intellectual’s evolving stances concerning science and technology and their role in bringing either a future Golden Age or a secular Doomsday.

Despite the central presence of materialism in the history of philosophy, there is no universal consensus on the meaning of the word “matter” nor of the doctrine of philosophical materialism. Dictionaries of philosophy often identify this philosophy with its most reductionist and even eliminative versions, in line with Robert Boyle’s seventeenth century coinage of the term. But when we take the concept back in time to Greek philosophers and forward onto our own times, we recognize more inclusive forms of materialism (...) as well as complex interplays with non-materialist thought about the place of matter in reality, including Christian philosophy and German idealism. We define philosophical materialism in its most general way both positively (the identification of reality with matter understood as changeability and plurality) and negatively (the negation of disembodied living beings and hypostatized ideas). This inclusive approach to philosophical materialism offers a new light to illuminate a critical history of the concept of matter and materialism from Ancient Greece to the present that is also attentive to scientific developments. By following the most important connections and discontinuities among theoretical frameworks on the idea of matter, we present a general thread that offers a rich and plural, but highly cohesive, field of investigation. Finally, we propose building on rich non-reductionist materialist philosophies, such as Mario Bunge’s systemic materialism and Gustavo Bueno’s discontinuous materialism, to elaborate powerful theoretical alternatives to both physicalism and spiritualism. (shrink)

Throughout the history of Christianity, children have often been overlooked in the life of the Church. Since its beginning, the Church of the Nazarene International has gone through a journey from ignoring the value of children, to ministry engaged in permanent advocating on behalf of children and youth. As a Christian, Holiness, and Missional people, Nazarenes around the world have developed their perspective on children and youth through the establishment of specific ministries that include children and youth in their core (...) values, and by emphasis on intergenerational connections and making historical changes to their procedures manual. All of this has been critical to the meaningful inclusion of children in the active life of the church. Today the Church of the Nazarene together with Nazarene Compassionate Ministries are actively advocating and educating new generations of pastors and leaders to better understand the importance of children and youth in the life of the church. (shrink)

When solving problems, like making predictions or choices, people often “sample” possibilities into mind. Here, we consider whether there is structure to the kinds of thoughts people sample by default—that is, without an explicit goal. Across three experiments we found that what comes to mind by default are samples from a probability distribution that combines what people think is likely and what they think is good. Experiment 1 found that the first quantities that come to mind for everyday behaviors and (...) events are quantities that combine what is average and ideal. Experiment 2 found, in a manipulated context, that the distribution of numbers that come to mind resemble the mathematical product of the presented statistical distribution and a (softmax-transformed) prescriptive distribution. Experiment 3 replicated these findings in a visual domain. These results provide insight into the process generating people’s conscious thoughts and invite new questions about the value of thinking about things that are both likely and good. (shrink)

This discussion concerns whether philosophical materialism is false or not. The exchange between Graham Harman and Javier Pérez-Jara goes to the core of the present book: what is materialism, how many varieties are there, and what use are they today? While Harman identifies materialism with reductionism, Pérez-Jara offers a broader definition that includes non-reductionist materialisms. It might seem to be just as a matter of differing definitions. And yet, each approach gives rise to a whole different way of (...) reconstructing the history of philosophy as well as of deciding which are the current available options in metaphysics. (shrink)

This discussion focuses on whether Mario Bunge’s emergent materialism implies continuism or not. Íñigo Ongay defends that Bunge’s emergent materialism implies continuism. In his response, Javier Pérez-Jara argues that Bunge’s emergent materialism explicitly assumes structural ontological and epistemological discontinuities in the universe. The question is more than a Scholastic one, concerning only a particular system of philosophy, however relevant for current philosophical materialism. Rather, what is at stake is the ability of non-reductionist ontologies to explain (non-miraculous) novelty and plurality.

En el presente estudio analizamos las peculiaridades oratorias del antioqueno Juan Crisóstomo, notando previamente cuáles fueron los rasgos novedosos de la pre- dicación cristiana antigua, su esencia y su finalidad, para posteriormente des- plegar las principales cualidades de la predicación del Crisóstomo, acompa- ñado con una selección de pasajes den- tro de su ingente obra.

Since its inception, the intricate mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics has empowered physicists to describe and predict specific physical events known as quantum processes. However, this success in probabilistic predictions has been accompanied by a profound challenge in the ontological interpretation of the theory. This interpretative complexity stems from two key aspects. Firstly, quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that, so far, is not derivable from any more basic scientific theory. Secondly, it delves into a realm of invisible phenomena that (...) often contradicts our intuitive and commonsensical notions of matter and causality. Despite its notorious difficulties of interpretation, the most widely accepted set of views of quantum phenomena has been known as the Copenhagen interpretation since the beginning of quantum mechanics. According to these views, the correct ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics is incompatible with ontological realism in general and with philosophical materialism in particular. Anti-realist and anti-materialist interpretations of quantum matter have survived until today. This paper discusses these perspectives, arguing that materialistic interpretations of quantum mechanics are compatible with its mathematical formalism, while anti-realist and anti-materialist views are based on wrong philosophical assumptions. However, although physicalism provides a better explanation for quantum phenomena than idealism, its downward reductionism prevents it from accounting for more complex forms of matter, such as biological or sociocultural systems. Thus, the paper argues that neither physicalism nor idealism can explain the universe. I propose then a non-reductionistic form of materialism called inclusive materialism. The conclusion is that the acknowledgment of the qualitative irreducibility of ontological emergent levels above the purely physical one does not deny philosophical materialism but enriches it. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se indica que es en los filósofos modernos en los que se encuentra lo que podría llamarse "antecedentes" de la globalización actual, y entre ellos, particularmente en Kant. Sin embargo, la globalización ha discurrido por vías de hecho cuya legitimidad no es congruente con la demanda moral kantiana.

El carácter de Alberto Blest Gana como fundador de la novela chilena mal podría ligarlo a la práctica del folletín, aunque registra numerosos títulos publicados en revistas y periódicos. Por lo demás, su filiación como aventajado discípulo de Balzac menos podría propiciar un vínculo con la literatura popular o de masas, como se desarrolló en Francia a mediados del siglo XIX. Y es que el canon literario nacional se construye a partir de una élite intelectual -ilustrada y liberal- que participa (...) de la construcción social de la Nación como la que propiciaba José Victorino Lastarria y el propio Blest Gana -en sus respectivos manifiestos literarios-, en cuya conformación la cultura popular no participa más allá de un “costumbrismo” folklórico, o como un “sabor” local, o como un “pintoresquismo” para solaz de los lectores cultos. En este artículo se indaga en los formantes folletinescos en la narrativa de Blest Gana, recurriendo a las tesis acerca de la literatura popular que han sido postuladas, entre otros, por Eco ; Martín-Barbero, Herlinghaus, Sarlo. Alberto Blest Gana, the founder of the Chilean novel, could not be linked to the practice of writing feuilleton, although a number of his works published in magazines and newspapers exist. Moreover, being an outstanding disciple of Balzac would unlikely link him to the popular or mass literature, as the one developed in France in the middle of the nineteenth century. In fact, the national literary canon is built upon an intellectual elite -enlightened and liberal- that participates in the social construction of the nation as the one fostered by José Victorino Lastarria and Blest Gana -in their respective literary manifests. In their view, the popular culture does not participate beyond a folkloric “costumbrism” or as a local “taste”, or as a “picturesque trait” for the delight of the educated readers. For this reason, this article explores the melodramatic formants in Blest Gana’s narrative, by analyzing them in light of the popular literature perspectives advocated by Eco, Martín-Barbero, Herlinghaus, and Sarlo, among others. (shrink)

Resumen: Entre 1842 y 1870, la narrativa chilena presenta un paulatino proceso de desarrollo que oscila entre la novela -cuando no el cuento- y el folletín. Lastarria califica su cuento “El mendigo” como “novela histórica”. A su vez, Alberto Blest Gana luego de publicar folletines en diversos periódicos de la época toma nítida distancia de ese tipo de “novela popular cuando en 1862 reflexiona acerca de la novela propiamente tal y al declarar -en 1864- que solo pretende ser un novelista (...) al estilo de Balzac. No obstante, el folletín de filiación europea presentará -hacia 1870- una precisa fórmula como es la denominada “novela indiana” que critica Zorobabel Rodríguez. Por lo mismo, proponemos que en las instancias fundacionales de la narrativa nacional se anticipa la tendencia de recurrir al folletín poniendo de relieve el motivo del amor imposible que no puede superar obstáculos de diversa índole, sean ellos sentimentales, estamentales, políticos o historiográficos. Nuestra hipótesis es que en el curso de la novela chilena liberal, de sello romántico sentimental, esta estructura modélica no es ajena a la narrativa nacional, hecho que permite dar curso a la narración -entre otros- de acontecimientos propios de la conquista, la independencia y la República.: Between 1842 and 1870, the Chilean narrative presents a gradual development process that oscillates between the novel -if not the short story- and the folletin. Lastarria describes his story “El mendigo” as an “historical novel”. At the same time, Alberto Blest Gana wins after publishing brochures in various newspapers of the time, he takes a clear distance from that type of "popular novel” when in 1862 he reflects on the novel itself and in declaring -in 1864- that it only pretends to be a Balzac-style novelist. However, the European affiliation booklet will present -by 1870- a precise formula such as the so-called “Indian novel” criticized by Zorobabel Rodríguez. For the same reason, we propose that in the foundational instances of the national narrative the tendency to resort to the newsletter is anticipated, highlighting the reason for impossible love that cannot overcome obstacles of various kinds, whether they are sentimental, social class, political or historiographic. Our hypothesis is that in the course of the liberal Chilean novel, with a sentimental romantic stamp, this model structure is no stranger to the national narrative, a fact that allows the narration -among others- of events of the conquest, independence and the Republic. (shrink)

El materialismo filosófico como la clase vacía sin la idea de Ego Trascendental.

Resumen. La consideración de una nueva visión para sustituir y revisar las concepciones humanasen relación con el ambiente, plantea necesariamente mantener una misión educativa, dirigiendo laatención al complejo mundo natural, porque bajo esta perspectiva, educar representa una formaviable entre la realidad y el medio, condición indispensable para replantear la promoción de lasactividades ecológicas mediante el panorama gerencial, bajo el rol que desempeña el gerente deaula, para obtener cambios en el futuro posicionamiento humano en relación con la naturaleza. Elestudio tiene como (...) objetivo describir el rol gerencial del docente para la promoción de lasactividades ecológicas en la educación primaria. Tomando como caso el Colegio Jorbalán y EscuelaBásica San José, San Cristóbal, República Bolivariana de Venezuela. El estudio se fundamentó en laactividad promovida por el docente en cuanto a la participación ciudadana y el trabajo colaborativo,así mismo, la gerencia estratégica con referencia a la planificación, organización y dirección deactividades ecológicas. La investigación presentada es de nivel descriptivo, de campo, proyectofactible. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron, que los docentes promueven actividades departicipación ciudadana sobre acciones proambientales y valores ambientales; argumento del cualdiscreparon estudiantes y padres; también se detectaron deficiencias en el desarrollo de la gerenciaestratégica, concluyendo que el trabajo es importante porque hay necesidad de diseñar técnicas parala promoción de actividades ecológicas. Recomendando a los docentes como protagonistasmotivacionales, el ejercicio de los principios gerenciales con mayor firmeza a fin de mejorar lacalidad de vida.Palabras claves. Gerente de aula, promoción actividades ecológicas. Considering a new vision to replace and check the human conceptions in relation to theenvironment, necessarily arises maintain an educational mission, drawing attention to the complexnatural world, because from this perspective, education is a viable way between reality and theenvironment , which is essential to reconsider the promotion of environmental activities bymanagement scenario, in the role played by the manager class, for change in the future positioning inrelation to human nature. The study aimed to describe the managerial role of teachers in thepromotion of environmental activities in primary education. Case: Jorbalán College ElementarySchool and San Jose, San Cristobal, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The same was based onthe activity promoted by the teacher in terms of citizen participation and collaborative work, inaddition, management refers to strategic planning, organization and management of environmentalactivities. The research presented is descriptive level, field, and project feasible. Resultsindicated that teachers promote civic engagement activities on eco-friendly actions andenvironmental values; argument which students and parents disagreed, also identified shortcomingsin the development of strategic management, concluding that there is need to develop techniques forpromoting of environmental activities. It is recommended to teachers asprotagonists motivational exercise management principles more firmly to improve the quality of life.Keywords. Classroom manager, promoting environmental activities. (shrink)

Materialism has been the subject of extensive and rich controversies since Robert Boyle introduced the term for the first time in the 17th century. But what is materialism and what can it offer today? The term is usually defined as the worldview according to which everything real is material. Nevertheless, there is no philosophical consensus about whether the meaning of matter can be enlarged beyond the physical. As a consequence, materialism is often defined in stark exclusive and reductionist terms: whatever (...) exists is either physical or ontologically reducible to it. This conception, if consistent, mutilates reality, excluding the ontological significance of political, economic, sociocultural, anthropological and psychological realities. Starting from a new history of materialism, the present book focuses on the central ontological and epistemological debates aroused by today’s leading materialist approaches, including some little known to an anglophone readership. The key concepts of matter, system, emergence, space and time, life, mind, and software are checked over and updated. Controversial issues such as the nature of mathematics and the place of reductionism are also discussed from different materialist approaches. As a result, materialism emerges as a powerful, indispensable scientifically-supported worldview with a surprising wealth of nuances and possibilities. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una descripción fonético-fonológica del criollo haitiano hablado por hablantes nativos de esta lengua residentes en la Provincia de Concepción. Para la elicitación de los datos se utilizó una lista léxica de 133 ítems y, en algunas ocasiones, un set de imágenes _ad hoc_. La muestra estuvo constituida por seis colaboradores (cuatro de sexo masculino y dos de sexo femenino). El marco de referencia teórico-metodológico es el (neo)distribucionalismo, utilizado habitualmente en la descripción de vernáculos en Chile. Algunas conclusiones (...) prominentes de este artículo son las siguientes: la abertura y nasalización tienen estatus fonémico en algunas vocales (/e, o/, versus / ɛ, ɔ /; /a, e, o/ versus /ã, ẽ, õ/), existe una alta alofonía en algunas consonantes (por ejemplo, en los fonemas /p, t, k/), hay una oposición fonológica entre consonante fricativas sordas y fricativas sonoras (/f/ versus /v/, /s/ versus /z/ y / ʃ / versus / ʒ /), y no hay realizaciones aproximantes de los fonemas oclusivos sonoros. (shrink)

This paper reports on the investigation of the effects of neuronal shape, at both individual cell and network level, on the behavior of neuronal systems. More specifically, two-dimensional biologically realistic neuronal networks are obtained that take explicity into account the position and morphology of neuronal cells, with the respective behavior for associative recall being simulated through a diluted version of Hopfield's model. While a specific probability density function is used for the placement of the cell bodies, images of real neuronal (...) cells (namely alpha and beta ganglion cells from the cat retina) are used to obtain biologically realistic models. Several morphological measures – including fractal dimension, the excluded volume, and integral geometry functionals–are estimated for the considered cells, and their values are correlated with the potential of the network for associative recall, which is quantified in terms of the overlap between distorted version of the trained patterns and their original version. Such an approach allows the quantitative and objective characterization of the relationship between neuronal shape and function, an important issue in neuroscience. The obtained results substantiate interesting relationships between the neural morphology and function as determined by the performance of the network. (shrink)

Robert Brandom’s theory of discursive practice regards all linguistic activity as taking place within a social normative framework. The normative structure of this framework is described by means of an ideal model of linguistic game: the game of giving and asking for reasons. The main elements of this model account for the fundamental relations that characterise linguistic practice: responsibility and authority. Although the semantic development of the theory is inferentialist and hence deflationist about truth, it is useful to use this (...) concept to distinguish an elementary precondition for discursive practice. On the basis of this conceptual expedient, it is possible to analyse the transformation of such practice induced by the emergence of social networking services with particular rules and the speech production through the use of artificial intelligence in the context of those media. Thus, the aim of this paper is to outline the general features of the transformation in the normative vocabulary of Brandom’s communication model in order to achieve a better understanding of the phenomenon and to suggest possible consequences for discursive practice. (shrink)

The connections of Medicine and Religion are thoroughly documented in the primitive societies, and it comes as no surprise to see them together. Here we describe the true story of a Portuguese physician of the late 19th century whose image today is venerated in such a way as to compare him to a saint and to bestow upon him miraculous powers of healing. We propose that modern day physicians can learn from the example of this man that the role of (...) doctor encompasses not only scientific and technical mastery but, most of all, piety, humanity and compassion. (shrink)

El tema de la interferencia estatal en las funciones parentales nos conduce a la dicotomía entre lo público y lo privado, propia de teorías liberales y ampliamente criticada por feministas. El presente artículo reflexiona en torno a los planteamientos, críticas y reconsideraciones de las ideas de Rawls acerca del valor de la familia y su relación con el Estado. Se sostiene que, para el autor, la familia es una institución ambivalente, y que eso se traduce en contradicciones en su postura, (...) la que —en todo caso— no presta atención a la situación de los niños y las niñas como personas actuales dentro de esa esfera. Sin perjuicio de eso, la revisión de algunas de sus ideas permite afirmar que el ámbito familiar, y particularmente las situaciones que involucran a los niños y las niñas, no deben ser herméticos ante los principios de justicia, siendo los derechos humanos un discurso válido y necesario en el campo de las relaciones intersubjetivas. (shrink)

T.S. Kuhn sostiene que el desarrollo de la actividad científica se debe, precisamente, a los ciclos de continuidad y ruptura que han caracterizado la alternancia de esta actividad, denotando con ello el contraste existente entre los períodos de ciencia normal y las etapas revolucionarias marcad..