Bien que l’évolution du droit se soit traduite pour l’essentiel par une libéralisation des règles d’organisation de la famille, une analyse en terme de contractualisation de la famille est excessive. Certes, les couples peuvent se former et se défaire relativement librement, mais le pouvoir de la volonté reste limité, qu’il s’agisse des couples mais aussi et surtout des enfants. En effet, la volonté ne permet pas de dépasser certaines normes communes (conditions de validité du mariage). Elle est par ailleurs impuissante (...) pour suppléer l’absence de règles adaptées à certaines formes d’organisation familiale (familles recomposées). Son rôle a même reculé, au nom de l’égalité, lorsqu’il s’agit de donner une place aux enfants dans la famille (filiation). (shrink)

This volume contains twenty-two papers dedicated to ancient and medieval representations of justice, from the Septuagint to Thomas of Aquinas. It explores over a long historical period the evolution of various aspcts of this notion, understood as an individual virtue and as an ethical ideal, but also as a political value embodied in laws, rules, and institutions. In particular, it examines how early Christian authors, relying on biblical meanings of justice, have modified the conceptual framework and socio-political practices bound to (...) this idea. To demonstrate the contribution of Christian literature, considered here from Tertullian to Fulgentius Ferrandus, notions of justice from the bible and antiquity shall be studied followed by their medieval intellectual posterity. To what extent does this tradition of thought testify to a renewal of perceptions of justice, divine as well as human, and of injustice? How has it influenced representations of justice in the medieval world, whether expressed in academic treatises or in fiction? This volume lies at the junction of classical studies, biblical and patristic studies, medieval literature and philosophy. (shrink)

This contribution presents an adult education workshop implemented in the field of early childhood education. One of the specificities of education and care practices lies in the competences of the professionals to give a central role to the detailed observation of situations, in order to adjust their modalities of action. How can such observational work be developed and transformed? A participatory research-training approach aims to support the co-construction of an analytical view on observable phenomena in the course of interactions. In (...) a perspective of interactional analysis, it focuses on the modalities that favor the construction of such an analytical posture. (shrink)

Despite significant promotion of diversity in companies, as well as legislation for equal opportunities for women and men, it must be noted that women still remain largely in the minority in decision-making positions. This observation reflects the phenomenon of the glass ceiling that constitutes vertical discrimination within companies against women. Although the glass ceiling has generated research interest, some authors have pointed out that theoretical models have made little attempt to develop an understanding of this phenomenon and its implications. Therefore, (...) our study aims to fill this gap and to better understand the phenomenon of the glass ceiling by considering both its antecedents and its possible consequences. More precisely, we extend the model developed by Elacqua et al., proposing a more comprehensive model including organizational gender culture as a third factor in the emergence of the glass ceiling through the perception of differential treatment. We also investigated the glass ceiling’s consequences for organizational attitudes and well-being at work by considering work-to-family conflict as a possible mediator. We surveyed 320 women in managerial positions in a Belgian organization. Our study highlights the importance of all three factors in the emergence of the perception of differential treatment and, ultimately, the perception that a glass ceiling exists. Moreover, our results show that WFC fully mediates the effects of the glass ceiling on job strain and job engagement, and partially mediates the effects of the glass ceiling on job satisfaction and intention to quit. (shrink)

Data-driven technologies have come to pervade almost every aspect of business life, extending to employee monitoring and algorithmic management. How can employee privacy be protected in the age of datafication? This article surveys the potential and shortcomings of a number of legal and technical solutions to show the advantages of human rights-based approaches in addressing corporate responsibility to respect privacy and strengthen human agency. Based on this notion, we develop a process-oriented model of Privacy Due Diligence to complement existing frameworks (...) for safeguarding employee privacy in an era of Big Data surveillance. (shrink)

"The Invention of Modern Science proposes a fruitful way of going beyond the apparently irreconcilable positions, that science is either "objective" or "socially constructed." Instead, suggests Isabelle Stengers, one of the most important and influential philosophers of science in Europe, we might understand the tension between scientific objectivity and belief as a necessary part of science, central to the practices invented and reinvented by scientists."--pub. desc.

Paradoxalement, l’interprétation des Pensées de M. Pascal par Jean-Jacques Rousseau montre sa fécondité philosophique au lieu de l’écart maximal entre les deux penseurs : « injuste en soi » selon Pascal, « toujours bon » selon Rousseau, c’est pourtant l’amour de soi constitutif du « moi humain » dans les Pensées morales éditées par Port-Royal que Rousseau accueille et cultive en en inversant l’appréciation axiologique. Lu par Rousseau, Pascal n’est pas Fénelon ; il n’est pas non plus Nicole ; et (...) à sa suite, l’on doit le lire en deçà de la distinction, si ordinaire aux moralistes, du bon amour de soi et du mauvais amour-propre. Rousseau nous y invite du moins, retenant de ces pensées que seul l’amour de soi porte à se connaître, c’est-à-dire à connaître le principe qui nous anime. En conséquence, seule la connaissance du principe d’union en quoi consiste, en son fond, « l’amour que l’on se doit à soi-même » porte à régler l’amour de soi constitutif de la modalité juste du moi, autrement dit celle du « moi commun ».Paradoxically enough, it is precisely where the gap between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Pascal is widest that Rousseau’s interpretation of the Pensées de M. Pascal proves highly fertile philosophically speaking : the self-love that is described as that which constitutes the « human self » in the Pensées morales published by Port-Royal, this self-love which Pascal deems unjust in itself whereas Rousseau considers it always good, is in effect what Rousseau draws upon so as to reverse its axiological assessment. Read by Rousseau, Pascal is not Fénelon ; nor is he Nicole ; he must thus be read beyond the distinction between the good amour de soi and the bad amour-propre which is so commonplace among moralists. This at least is what Rousseau suggests that we do, by retaining as he does from Pascal’s moral thoughts the notion that only self-love can enable one to know oneself, through the knowledge of the principle one is animated by. Consequently, only the knowledge of the principle of union which « the love that one owes to oneself » fundamentally consists in can enable one to set the self-love that will constitute the just mode of the self, ie that of the « common self ». (shrink)

Despite a growing population of older people, traditional prejudices against age continue to flourish in society. The media in particular are often guilty of ageism, persistently focusing upon the ‘youth market’, and advertisers are particular offenders. By ignoring older people, or using them as caricatures, the advertising industry not only violates its ethical responsibilities to this group within the community, but also overlooks the commercial opportunity presented by the new generation of older consumers. The article presents research into UK print (...) media which shows that older people tend not to be featured in advertisements in mainstream publications, but are prominent in advertisements in publications for the over‐fifties. The issues this raises in terms of the duty of advertisers to respect the rights of older people are discussed, along with the commercial imperative to provide more appropriate images of older people in UK advertising. (shrink)

Face au règne hégémonique d un capitalisme financier globalisé particulièrement brutal, la quête manifeste d une autre économie sociale, solidaire, alternative se développe aujourd hui. Quelles sont les limites de l exploitation tolérable et les contestations possibles? La légitimité de l accumulation et les conditions morales de la redistribution sont ici interrogées à travers différentes époques et en différents lieux.

"L’écriture philosophique de Sarah Kofman a eu pour enjeu « la vie comme texte ». De L’enfance de l’art (1970) à L’imposture de la beauté (1995, posthume), la philosophe a exploré cette question dans un geste de lecture audacieux par lequel elle confronte philosophes anciens (Empédocle, Héraclite, Platon), modernes (Descartes, Kant, Rousseau, Kierkegaard, Comte, Marx) et contemporains (Sartre, Blanchot, Derrida). Sarah Kofman convoquait aussi dans toutes ses analyses deux interlocuteurs privilégiés, Freud et Nietzsche. La littérature, l’idéologie, le féminin, le rire, (...) les rapports à l’art et à la psychanalyse, l’autobiogriffure furent les « voies de traverse » par lesquelles celle qui, enfant, avait survécu à la Shoah, reconduisit la philosophie « au cœur de la vie ». Plus de vingt-cinq ans après la parution de Rue Ordener, rue Labat et du Mépris des Juifs en 1994, n’est-il pas temps de prendre la mesure de cette œuvre philosophique?Cet ouvrage réunit, dans une perspective transdisciplinaire et internationale, philosophes, littéraires, historiens, historiens de l’art et psychanalystes autour du travail de la philosophe. Multipliant les approches et les interprétations, faisant droit aux questions historiographiques et archivistiques liées à son œuvre, ces lectures entendent donner toute son actualité critique à la voix unique de Sarah Kofman."--Page 4 de la couverture. (shrink)

La question de la mise en œuvre de la loi a pu être pensée comme demandant l’ajustement de la loi au cas particulier. J’essaierai d’évaluer la mesure dans laquelle les nouveaux outils conceptuels proposés par la philosophie analytique, permettent de ressaisir cette question bien connue et tout à fait fondamentale de la philosophie, depuis sa discussion par Platon et Aristote. Depuis une dizaine d’années, les philosophes du droit américains – Endicott et Soames en particulier – se sont saisis de la (...) question du « vague », épistémique et ontologique. Je propose de souligner certains résultats ainsi obtenus, tout en présentant les aspects métaphysiques sollicités par ces concepts. J’interrogerai donc le point de contact de la métaphysique contemporaine et de la philosophie du droit, pour montrer comment une question classique peut être reprise à nouveaux frais autour d’un exemple tout à fait spécifique, qui est celui de la négligence (dans la relation entre parents et enfants). (shrink)

BackgroundInnovations in technology have contributed to rapid changes in the way that modern biomedical research is carried out. Researchers are increasingly required to endorse adaptive and flexible approaches to accommodate these innovations and comply with ethical, legal and regulatory requirements. This paper explores how Dynamic Consent may provide solutions to address challenges encountered when researchers invite individuals to participate in research and follow them up over time in a continuously changing environment.MethodsAn interdisciplinary workshop jointly organised by the University of Oxford (...) and the COST Action CHIP ME gathered clinicians, researchers, ethicists, lawyers, research participants and patient representatives to discuss experiences of using Dynamic Consent, and how such use may facilitate the conduct of specific research tasks. The data collected during the workshop were analysed using a content analysis approach.ResultsDynamic Consent can provide practical, sustainable and future-proof solutions to challenges related to participant recruitment, the attainment of informed consent, participant retention and consent management, and may bring economic efficiencies.ConclusionsDynamic Consent offers opportunities for ongoing communication between researchers and research participants that can positively impact research. Dynamic Consent supports inter-sector, cross-border approaches and large scale data-sharing. Whilst it is relatively easy to set up and maintain, its implementation will require that researchers re-consider their relationship with research participants and adopt new procedures. (shrink)

La science classique s'est trouvée associée à un désenchantement du monde. C'est la leçon que Jacques Monod entendait tirer des progrès de la biologie : "L'ancienne alliance est rompue. L'homme sait enfin qu'il est seul dans l'immensité indifférente de l'Univers d'où il a émergé par hasard." Notre science n'est plus ce savoir classique, nous pouvons déchiffrer le récit d'une "nouvelle alliance". Loin de l'exclure du monde qu'elle décrit, la science retrouve comme un problème l'appartenance de l'homme à ce monde. Les (...) théories scientifiques ne peuvent plus supposer la possibilité d'un savoir omniscient : nous lisons, jusque dans leurs principes, les traces d'une activité d'exploration au sein d'une nature en évolution. (shrink)

In a thought-provoking paper, Schuklenk and Smalling argue that no right to conscientious objection should be granted to medical professionals. First, they hold that it is impossible to assess either the truth of conscience-based claims or the sincerity of the objectors. Second, even a fettered right to conscientious refusal inevitably has adverse effects on the rights of patients. We argue that the main problem with their position is that it is not derived from a broader reflection on the meaning and (...) implications of freedom of conscience and reasonable accommodation. We point out that they collapse two related but distinct questions, that is, the subjective conception of freedom of conscience and the sincerity test. We note that they do not successfully show that the standard norm according to which exemption claims should not impose undue hardship on others is unworkable. We suggest that the main reason why arguments such as no one is forced to be a medical professional are flawed is that public norms should not constrain citizens to choose between two of their basic rights unless it is necessary. In fine, Schuklenk and Smalling, who see conscience claims as arbitrary dislikes, sell freedom of conscience short and forego any attempts at balancing the competing rights involved. We maintain the authors neglect that most of legal reasoning is contextual and that the blanket restriction of healthcare professionals' freedom of conscience is disproportionate. (shrink)

Arts, Ecologies, Transitions provides in depth insights into how aesthetic relations and current artistic practices are fundamentally ecological and intrinsically connected to the world. As art is created in a given historic temporality, it presents specific modalities of productive and sensory relations to the world. With contributions from more than 45 researchers, this book tracks evolutions in the arts that demonstrate an awareness of the environmental, economic, social, and political crises. It proposes interdisciplinary approaches to art that clarify the multiple (...) relationships between art and ecology through an exploration of key concepts such as collapsonauts, degrowth, place, recycling, and walking art. All the artistic fields are addressed from visual arts, theatre, dance, music and sound art, cinema, photography, including those that are rarely represented in research such as digital creation or graphic design, to showcase the diversity of artistic practices in transition. Through original research this book presents ideas in an accessible format. It book will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of environmental studies, ecology, geography, cultural studies, architecture, performance studies, visual arts, cinema, music and literature studies. (shrink)

L’enjeu de cette étude est, une fois surmontée l’apparente faiblesse des vues fichtéennes sur le langage (partie I), de restituer leur cohérence et leur importance. La cohérence tout d’abord, qui nous fera passer d’une théorie de la désignation (le mot renvoyant à une chose indépendante) à une théorie de la signification comme effectuation (partie II). L’importance ensuite, puisqu’il sera alors loisible de comprendre comment au cœur du système fichtéen se trouve une théorie de l’énonciation, qui met en œuvre un principe (...) fondamental, celui de l’accord entre le dire ( Sagen )et le faire ( Tun ) (Partie III). Pour l’établir, Fichte se livre à la fois à une critique serrée de l’illusion référentielle et à une critique de la représentation. Par là, sa philosophie se révèle être une philosophie du dire comme faire. (shrink)

C’est une approche d’historienne que propose Maialen Berasategui. Son étude porte moins sur l’œuvre de Ségur que sur le terreau qui l’a nourrie. Elle met l’accent pour l’essentiel sur l’importance du groupe familial et sur les positions catholiques de chacun, dans ces années où se développe le culte marial, où Renan publie La Vie de Jésus (1863), où la papauté se voit menacée. Singulier destin de cette jeune fille de l’aristocratie russe qui, sous l’influence de sa mère, se convertit à (...) l’adol... (shrink)

In recent decades, many studies have examined gender-related differences in paid employment and the reconciliation of family and employment. Considering perceptions of time conflicts with regards to work at home and leisure activities, this article contributes to a more encompassing understanding of attitudes toward reconciliation problems. Special attention is given to the role of external child care services. The use of an original data set from 60 Swiss municipalities and hierarchical multiresponse regression models enable an analysis of the various aspects (...) of time conflicts simultaneously, and a consideration of how different policy contexts shape these attitudes. This study provides evidence that the communal provision of external child care is related to gender-specific perceptions of time conflicts. Most interestingly, men seem to be affected most strongly by communal policy conditions, whereby the provision of external child care is related to systematically higher levels of time conflicts. (shrink)

Purpose As data-driven tools increasingly shape our life and tech ethics crises become strikingly frequent, data ethics coursework is urgently needed. The purpose of this study is to map the field of data ethics curricula, tracking relations between courses, instructors, texts and writers, and present a proof-of-concept interactive website for exploring these relations. This method is designed to be used in curricular research and development and provides multiple vantage points on this multidisciplinary field. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data science methods (...) to foster insights about the field of data ethics education and literature. The authors present a semantic, linked open data graph in the Resource Description Framework, along with proof-of-concept analyses and an exploratory website. Its framework is open-source and language-agnostic, providing the seed for future contributions of code, syllabi and resources from the global data ethics community. Findings This method provides a convenient means of exploring an overview of the field of data ethics’ social and textual relations. For educators designing or refining a course, the authors provide a method for curricular introspection and discovery of transdisciplinary curricula. Research limitations/implications The syllabi the authors have collected are self-selected and represent only a subset of the field. Furthermore, this method exclusively represents a course’s assigned literature rather than a holistic view of what courses teach. The authors present a prototype rather than a finished product. Originality/value This curricular survey provides a new way of modeling a field of study, using existing ontologies to organize graph data into a comprehensible overview. This framework may be repurposed to map the institutional knowledge structures of other disciplines, as well. (shrink)

Cet article éclaire la cohérence singulière et complexe de l’esthétique d’Étienne Souriau en montrant le rôle fondamental qu’y jouent les notions de contour, d’ornement et d’arabesque. Il analyse d’abord sa valorisation des esthétiques industrielle et animale dès lors qu’elles dépassent le fonctionnalisme en s’ouvrant à la dimension non représentative de l’ornement. L’analyse de l’esthétique animale permet à Souriau de valoriser l’esthéticité pure du mouvement associé à des jeux non figuratifs. La catégorie interartiale de l’arabesque sous-tend la valorisation par Souriau de (...) formes primaires non représentatives, y compris dans les arts représentatifs, en particulier au cinéma où c’est leur puissance d’envoûtement qui prête vie aux personnages et au monde représentés. (shrink)

Context In France, a new payment for performance (P4P) scheme for primary care physicians was introduced in 2009 through the ‘Contract for Improving Individual Practice’ programme. Its objective was to reduce healthcare expenditures while enhancing improvement in guidelines' observance. Nevertheless, in all countries where the scheme was implemented, it raised several concerns in the domain of professional ethics. Objective To draw out in France the ethical tensions arising in the general practitioner's (GP) profession linked to the introduction of P4P. Method (...) Qualitative research using two focus groups: first one with a sample of GPs who joined P4P and second one with those who did not. All collective interviews were recorded and fully transcribed. An inductive analysis of thematic content with construction of categories was conducted. All the data were triangulated. Results All participants agreed that conflicts of interest were a real issue, leading to the resurgence of doctor's dirigisme, which could be detrimental for patient's autonomy. GPs who did not join P4P believed that the scheme would lead to patient's selection while those who joined P4P did not. The level of the maximal bonus of the P4P was considered low by all GPs. This was considered as an offense by non-participating GPs, whereas for participating ones, this low level minimised the risk of patient's selection. Conclusion This work identified several areas of ethical tension, some being different from those previously described in other countries. The authors discuss the potential impact of institutional contexts and variability of implementation processes on shaping these differences. (shrink)