Before he recognized the role of the Tradition in the Church, Newman rooted his life in the Bible, memorizing the King James Version. He commented on it throughout his life. This essay canvasses Newman’s reading of the Fourth Gospel, and brings to light the theology of the word presupposed by Newman’s interpretation of Scripture.

What importance does “race” have as a meaningful category in the study of literature and the shaping of critical theory? If we attempt to answer this question by examining the history of Western literature and its criticism, our initial response would probably be “nothing” or, at the very least, “nothing explicitly.” Indeed, until the past decade or so, even the most subtle and sensitive literary critics would most likely have argued that, except for aberrant moments in the history of criticism, (...) race has not been brought to bear upon the study of literature in any apparent way. Since T. S. Eliot, after all, the canonical texts of the Western literary tradition have been defined as a more or less closed set of works that somehow speak to, or respond to, “the human condition” and to each other in formal patterns of repetition and revision. And while most critics acknowledge that judgment is not absolute and indeed reflects historically conditioned presuppositions, certain canonical works do seem to transcend value judgments of the moment, speaking irresistibly to the human condition. The question of the place of texts written by the Other in the proper study of “literature,” “Western literature,” or “comparative literature” has, until recently, remained an unasked question, suspended or silenced by a discourse in which the canonical and the noncanonical stand as the ultimate opposition. In much of the thinking about the proper study of literature in this century, race has been an invisible quantity, a persistent yet implicit presence.This was not always the case, we know. By mid-nineteenth century, “national spirit” and “historical period” had become widely accepted categories within theories of the nature and function of literature which argued that the principal value in a great work of literary art resided in the extent to which these categories were reflected in that work of art Montesquieu’s De l’esprit des lois considered a culture’s formal social institution as the repository of its “guiding spirit,” while Giambattista Vico’s principi di una scienza nuova read literature against a complex pattern of historical cycles. Friedrich and August von Schlegel managed rather deftly to bring “both national spirit and historical period” to bear upon the interpretation of literature, as W. Jackson Bate has shown. But it was Hippolyte-Adolphe Taine who made the implicit explicit by postulating “race, moment, and milieu” as positivistic criteria through which any work could be read and which, by definition, any work reflected. Taine’s History of English Literature was the great foundation upon which subsequent nineteenth-century notions of “national literatures” would be constructed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is professor of English, comparative literature, and African studies at Cornell University. He has edited several books and has written Figures in Blood and The Signifying Monkey. (shrink)

Es importante destacar que cuando en la historia de la física se hace referencia al problema de si la luz se transmite de manera instantánea o si requiere de tiempo –que se abreviará aquí como el problema de la propagación sucesiva de la luz– siempre destacan ciertos personajes: por un lado, Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau y Jean Bernard León Foucault, quienes en el siglo XIX lograron medir por primera vez de forma precisa la velocidad de la luz; y (...) por otro, los astrónomos Ole Christensen Roemer y James Bradley, quienes en los siglos XVII y XVIII –respectivamente– fueron los primeros en dar una respuesta derivada de trabajos observacionales de que la luz sí requiere de tiempo en su transmisión, esto es, que su propagación es sucesiva. Entre estos nombres, aparece siempre de forma algo etérea Galileo Galilei como el primero que propuso un enfoque experimental para dar respuesta a esta pregunta. (shrink)

Ideal for introductory ethics courses, The Moral Life: An Introductory Reader in Ethics and Literature, Fifth Edition, brings together an extensive and varied collection of ninety-one classical and contemporary readings on ethical theory and practice. Integrating literature with philosophy in an innovative way, this unique anthology uses literary works to enliven and make concrete the ethical theory or applied issues addressed. It also emphasizes the personal dimension of ethics, which is often ignored or minimized in ethics anthologies. The readings are (...) enhanced by chapter introductions, study questions, suggestions for further reading, and biographical sketches. The fifth edition adds ten new readings, eight of which appear in two new chapters: Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care and Global Economic Justice. An updated Companion Website at www.oup.com/us/pojman provides self-quizzes, essay questions, and helpful links for students and reading summaries, a test bank, and PowerPoint-based lecture slides for instructors. (shrink)

In order to better understand the conditions of the twenty-first century Raphael Sassower and Louis Cicotello revisit the twentieth century in Political Blind Spots: Reading the Ideology of Images. Sassower and Cicotello revisit some of the most significant periods in art and politics in the twentieth century paying close attention to the relationship between aesthetics and politics.

Certains commentateurs de Bergson ont estimé que sa pensée était d'emblée spiritualiste et teintée de religiosité. On peut comprendre ainsi le beau texte de Louis Lavelle, "La pensée religieuse d'Henri Bergson", ou l'interprétation que Péguy fait de cette philosophie rationaliste du temps. Cette compréhension de Bergson peut d'ailleurs s'appuyer sur un texte du philosophe lui-même, à savoir Principes de métaphysique et de psychologie où Bergson explique que sa pensée vise à constituer une "science relative de l'absolu". Le présent volume (...) tente d'examiner dans quelle mesure il est possible de soutenir, l'instar d'Henri Gouhier, que l'oeuvre d'observation intérieure de Bergson a posé les bases du spiritualisme moderne. (shrink)

Treating mathematical science as a distinct cultural entity subject to environmental factors which influence its evolution, the author examines the creation and development of its major concepts since early times.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:BOOK REVIEWS 145 sustain such a view. Second, there are a couple of peccadillos concerning the chronology of Aquinas's writings: the " young Aquinas " of the third book of the Commentary on the Sentences (p. 24, note h) is distinguished from the "mature Aquinas " of question 22 of the De veritate (p. 26), though only four years actually searate them (1255 and 1259 approximately) ; there is (...) mention of " Aquinas' constant teaching, from his Commentary on Aristotle's Peri hermeneias to the Summa theologica " (p. 296, n. 12), though the former is dated to 1269-71 and the latter to 1266-73. Third, I have some stylistic cavils about the excessive use of cross-referencing, which tends to clutter the text, and the lavish use of italics, which distracts rather than aids the reader; it almost seems as if the author lacks confidence in the reader's wit and memory. Even with these minor failings, this is a book which has much to recommend it. Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology Berkeley, California GREGORY RoccA, O.P. The Eyes of Faith. By PIERRE RoussELOT, S.J. New York: Fordham University Press, 1990. Pp. 117. $27.50 (cloth). Although small in size, this long-awaited English version of The Eyes of Faith will make an important contribution to our knowledge of Thomism. In addition to Joseph Donceel's translation of Rousselot's famous articles, the volume contains Avery Dulles's translation of his reply to the objections raised against them by Hippolyte Ligeard and Stephane Harent and the summary of Rousselot's theology of faith made by the General of the Society of Jesus, Wlodimir Ledochowski. Although Rousselot was without question one of the outstanding Thomists of this century, his teaching career was very short. Appointed to the faculty of the lnstitut Catholique de Paris in 1909, the year after he received his doctorate from the Sorbonne, Rousselot was mobilized in 1914 and killed in battle in 1915; that early death prevented him from taking part in the remarkable flowering of NeoThomism after the First World War. Of Rousselot's major publications only one, The Intellectualism of Saint Thomas, has been translated into English. The companion work, The Problem of Love in the Middle Ages, published with The Intellectualism in 1908, has been available to English-speaking readers only through secondary sources; it has never been translated. The same has been true both of " The Eyes of Faith," the pair of ground-break- 146 BOOK REVIEWS ing articles on the theology of faith which Rousselot published in 1910, and the set of companion articles which were published in the same year to justify the philosophical foundations on which that theology was built. Scattered rather widely through a number of French reviews, this important set of articles has never been easy for Englishspeaking Thomists to find and, as a result, their knowledge of Rousselot 's theology-and, to some extent, of his philosophy-has had to come to them at second hand. For Thomists this has, of course, been regrettable because of Rousselot 's importance in the history of Neo-Thomism. Years after his death, even in the middle of this century, his influence on the teaching of philosophy and theology in the Society of Jesus remained quite strong, despite the cautions expressed about it by the Order's General. One sign of that influence, perhaps indirect, can be seen in the later work of Bernard Lonergan. Lonergan's cognitional theory and the theological method which he built upon it were justified by the distinction between ratio and intellectus which Lonergan saw in Saint Thomas's philosophy of knowledge. Rousselot had begun the study of that distinction and decades later-in the interval between the appearance of Lonergan's "Verbum" articles and his history-making InsightPegaire was to carry it further in his historical study " lntellectus " et "ratio" selon saint Thomas d'Aquin. In the early years of this century, Rousselot and his Belgian confrere Joseph Marechal attached themselves to the movement in the Society of Jesus away from Suarezianism, a trend which earlier Jesuit Thomists like Giovanni Cornaldi and Louis Billot had started. But unlike these earlier Jesuit Thomists and in opposition... (shrink)

In an age when the visual landscape dominates our communication, War Images offers the rationale and the method by which we can critically engage images. Though focused on war images, this book provides a broad appreciation of how 'reading' images is an act of social courage and personal responsibility.

Durée et nature sont chez Bergson deux termes liés en ce que l'intuition majeure du philosophe, qui est l'expérience de se replacer dans la durée, induit une nouvelle conception, dynamique et évolutive de la nature. Loin d'introduire dans un subjectivisme métaphysique, Bergson avec la durée nous ouvre une nouvelle philosophie de la nature. Le but de cet ouvrage est de contribuer à replacer Bergson dans le débat contemporain en passant par la voie royale de sa philosophie, l'intuition de la durée.

Montrer que le rapport de la conversion au Souverain Bien chez Pascal nous invite à ausculter philosophiquement la notion d'émotion : c'est ce que Jean-Louis Bischoff entend montrer dans la présente étude. L'enjeu de son enquête est clair : il entend affoler et subvertir l'approche commune du mot « émotion ». Pour mener à bien son projet, l'auteur mobilise les lumières de philosophes comme Marion, Levinas, Ricoeur, Greisch ou Romano.

This_classic undergraduate text_elegantly acquaints students with the_fundamental concepts and methods of mathematics. In addition to introducing_many noteworthy historical figures_from the 18th through the mid-20th centuries, it examines_the axiomatic method, set theory, infinite sets, the linear continuum and the real number system, groups, intuitionism,_formal systems, mathematical logic, and other topics.

Une lecture de l'oeuvre pascalienne à la lumière de notions créées par des philosophes contemporains, montrant comment la pensée de Pascal peut accompagner la réflexion audelà du contexte du XVIIe siècle.

With the broad interest in the concept of "self-care" within popular discourse, there is a growing focus among philosophers, scholars of religion, political theorists, and others on the idea of "spiritual exercises," the ethics of "the care of the self," and attending concepts, yet little has been written on the politics of this broad class of concerns. This book investigates the political consequences of practices of the self in the work of several key 20th-century thinkers-Pierre Hadot, Georges Friedmann, Michel Foucault, (...) Martin Luther King, Jr., and Audre Lorde. Using Hadot's working definition of spiritual exercises as "voluntary, personal practices intended to bring about a transformation of the individual, a transformation of the self," Daniel Wyche frames his argument with the questions: how, and under what conditions, can the ethics of "the care of the self" take the form of "the care of the other" in the sense of material political transformation and vice versa? Are there historical examples in which the two are coterminous? How might we articulate a genuinely holistic relationship between the two? He argues that understanding the politics of self-change necessarily entails that we reframe the practical and conceptual relationships between individual moral action and collective, systemic political life in such a way that ethics and politics can be thought together-neither prior to the other-and finds in King's political self-purification and Lorde's self-preservation forms that such a politics might take. (shrink)

" Pourquoi y a-t-il quelque chose et non pas plutôt rien? " Telle est sans doute la question la plus célèbre à laquelle l'ontologie, qui se veut précisément la science de l'être en tant qu'être, est censée répondre. Néanmoins cette question est-elle légitime? Nous faisons tous une expérience de l'être, à la fois externe et interne, sous la forme du monde et sous la forme du sujet. En lieu et place du rien nous trouvons toujours quelque chose. Aussi Lavelle, après (...) Bergson, conteste-t-il la présence contradictoire du néant au sein de l'être : ce dernier est partout présent, et c'est pourquoi l'ontologie lavellienne est résolument optimiste. Dans cet exposé dense et clair, le philosophe dessine le cercle qui lie d'une manière indestructible le renouvellement et la manifestation de chaque chose au moyen de trois concepts : l'être, l'existence et la réalité. Bien qu'univoque, l'être se décline en effet selon un mouvement de donation qui a pour fil conducteur la catégorie charnière de l'existence. Mais la démarche de Lavelle ne s'arrête pas là, elle tend à nous montrer que l'articulation des trois notions précédentes doit être elle-même comprise en relation avec les catégories axiologiques que sont le bien, la valeur et l'idéal. L'être est pour Lavelle la source de toute positivité, et c'est pourquoi son ontologie, qui comble en même temps notre intellect et notre volonté, renoue par-delà le christianisme avec la grande tradition grecque, en nous proposant les principes d'une sagesse possible ici et maintenant. (shrink)