Este trabalho discute as possíveis relações entre a histeria e os chamados distúrbios alimentares que, na atualidade, ganharam um caráter epidêmico. Os discursos dos autores sobre a anorexia e a bulimia são apresentados e organizados em categorias temáticas que abordam as definições de anorexia e bu..

Tendo em atenção o carácter específico do Estado Novo e a sua tentativa de afastamento teórico e ideológico dos Estados totalitários, nomeadamente do nazismo, poder-se-ia pensar que durante a vigência do sistema de Hitler (1933-1945) não seria importante a presença da cultura alemã, de tipo nazi ou próxima dele, em Portugal. Todavia, a pouco e pouco, à medida que vão sendo feitos estudos em várias áreas, vai-se verificando essa presença. Este é mais um estudo dessa “ligação perigosa”, no domínio da (...) literatura e da cultura em geral. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, investigamos relações que autores psicanalíticos fazem entre histeria e literatura. Fizemos um estudo dos artigos destes autores, e o objetivo foi de expor as temáticas abordadas por eles quando reúnem e interpretam juntas histeria, psicanálise e literatura. Historicamente, tanto a h..

This chapter delves into the intricate relationships among engineering, technology, ethics, and morality, highlighting their interconnected nature as they shape and are shaped by individual and collective human existence. Exploring the profound philosophical and religious underpinnings that underlie ethical and moral contemplation, the chapter also introduces seven distinct ethical systems, emphasizing three non-Western paradigms: South American Buen Vivir, African Ubuntu, and Asian Confucianism. These ethical systems are examined in the context of their implications for technology and engineering. This exposition illuminates (...) the significance of studying ethics and the philosophy of engineering or technology, particularly in using engineering to help marginalized individuals and communities empower and liberate themselves, fostering alternative social structures and existential meanings. (shrink)

La presencia del orden se nos impone con singular insistencia. La reflexión sobre el orden, las posibilidades de su emergencia y las condiciones de su articulación y de su crítica, al igual que de su transgresión o transformación, ha constituido un eje central en el pensamiento filosófico y social continental a lo largo del siglo XX. Los trabajos que aparecen en este libro proceden de pensadores provenientes de Alemania, Francia y México y se proponen contribuir a una reflexión amplia, sistemática (...) y a la vez interdisciplinaria sobre este problema a la vez inquietante e inescapable. (shrink)

This paper employs network theory, mining data and bibliometric analysis when mapping the scientific contribution of Nobel Prize candidate; Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, the first and most renowned Mexican physicist and important figure in Latin American science. Vallarta died in 1977, and the existing literature is about his life and contributions to science but not about how those are still valuable today. This paper is the first to highlight, with mapping tools, that his contributions are relevant to the international community of (...) cosmic rays (as he was pioneer and leader), quantum mechanics and relativity. These tools delivered three findings: Identify how he built his own field of study, same as universal knowledge. Unveil that the backward and forward Vallarta citations follow a _scale-free_ network distribution. Determine social factors that benefited or affected his scientific activities—such as World War II interrupting Vallarta’s successful productivity at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Furthermore, this study confirmed the interdisciplinary nature of the mapping studies of the scientist's contributions using scientometric tools. As a result, several interesting questions arose throughout our research, some of which were answered from the history and philosophy of science. However, others need to be analyzed by experts in the fields of Vallarta. Mapping research sends an invitation to interdisciplinary dialogue/research between experts in different areas of study to better understand the process of knowledge production both, individual and collective. (shrink)

O presente artigo relata a experiência vivenciada por estudantes de graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana durante uma viagem de campo às cidades de Cachoeira e São Félix, na Bahia, promovida pelo componente curricular Relações Étnico-raciais na Escola. Por meio da observação sensível, os estudantes registraram a realidade dessas cidades no formato de fotografias e discursos. Durante a viagem, foi possível constatar a predominância de uma população negra, cujas vidas diárias estão intimamente ligadas (...) a uma diversidade de religiões que, embora sejam percebidas como antagônicas no imaginário popular, coexistem de forma harmoniosa na realidade local. Além disso, observou-se um forte vínculo com figuras históricas relacionadas, ou não, à independência da Bahia e do Brasil, bem como à herança do período colonial. A partir dessas observações, teceu-se reflexões acerca das observações realizadas, apresentando dados relevantes sobre a história, estrutura, religião, cultura, entre outros aspectos das cidades. O trabalho contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão e estabelecer relações entre a experiência vivenciada e a formação decolonial de futuros professores de Ciências e Biologia, com o objetivo de promover um ensino descolonizado das Ciências da Natureza. (shrink)

Desafios e dilemas da condição de trabalho de professores iniciantes no magistério público no DF Resumo: Este trabalho se origina nas preocupações voltadas às condições de trabalho de professores que iniciam na docência e tem por objetivo estudar a condição de trabalho do professor no início da carreira, buscando entender os desafios e dilemas enfrentados, no intuito de contribuir com a análise da realidade da atividade docente. O foco é o professor iniciante na Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal. Os (...) resultados são obtidos a partir da análise documental em legislações e publicações no Diário Oficial do DF, e na aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Os dados revelam um quantitativo expressivo de desistentes na carreira, compreendido em um terço dos professores que são aprovados no concurso público, anunciando questões objetivas ligadas as condições de trabalho, nos levando em questionar a necessidade de políticas de formação pensadas a partir da realidade do trabalho docente. Chamamos atenção para a omissão de políticas públicas diante do caso, como um fator condicionador para intensificar ainda mais as dificuldades enfrentadas nesta etapa da carreira. Se espera contribuir para a produção de conhecimento na área de formação de professores no que se refere aos dilemas vividos pelo professor iniciante, visando fundamentar propostas sobre acompanhamento profissional dos docentes iniciantes na carreira. Palavras-chave: Trabalho Docente; Professor Iniciante; Condições de Trabalho Challenges and dilemms of the working condition of initiating teachers in the public magistery in DF Abstract: This work originates from concerns about the working conditions of teachers who start teaching and aims to study the teacher's working condition at the beginning of their career, seeking to understand the challenges and dilemmas faced, in order to contribute to the analysis of reality teaching activity. The focus is the beginner teacher at the Education Department of the Federal District. The results are obtained from documentary analysis in legislation and publications in the Federal Official Gazette, and in the application of questionnaires and interviews. The data reveal an expressive number of dropouts in the career, comprised in one third of the teachers who are approved in the public exam, announcing objective questions related to working conditions, leading us to question the need for training policies designed from the reality of the work. teacher. We call attention to the omission of public policies in the case, as a conditioning factor to further intensify the difficulties faced at this stage of the career. It is expected to contribute to the production of knowledge in the area of ​​teacher training with regard to the dilemmas experienced by the beginning teacher, aiming to substantiate proposals on professional accompaniment of teachers beginning in their careers. Key words: Teaching Work; Beginner Teacher; Work conditions Challenges and dilemms of the working condition of initiating teachers in the public magistery in DF Resumen: Este trabajo nace de inquietudes sobre las condiciones laborales de los docentes que inician la docencia y tiene como objetivo estudiar la condición laboral del docente al inicio de su carrera, buscando comprender los desafíos y dilemas que enfrenta, con el fin de contribuir al análisis de la realidad de la actividad docente. El enfoque es el maestro principiante en el Departamento de Educación del Distrito Federal. Los resultados se obtienen del análisis documental en la legislación y publicaciones en el Diario Oficial de la Federación, y en la aplicación de cuestionarios y entrevistas. Los datos revelan un expresivo número de abandonos en la carrera, comprendido en un tercio de los docentes que son aprobados en el examen público, anunciando cuestiones objetivas relacionadas con las condiciones laborales, lo que nos lleva a cuestionar la necesidad de políticas de formación diseñadas a partir de la realidad del trabajo. profesor. Llamamos la atención sobre la omisión de políticas públicas en el caso, como factor condicionante para intensificar aún más las dificultades enfrentadas en esta etapa de la carrera. Se espera contribuir a la producción de conocimiento en el ámbito de la formación docente frente a los dilemas vividos por el docente principiante, con el objetivo de fundamentar propuestas sobre el acompañamiento profesional del docente que se inicia en su carrera. Palabras clave : Trabajo Docente; Profesor principiante; Condiciones de trabajo. Data de registro: 18/02/2020 Data de aceite: 30/06/2021 Financiamento: CNPq, FAPDF. (shrink)

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at (...) menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training. Subsequently, anthropometric measurements were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics. Fifty-nine players were postmenarche-trained and 52 were premenarche-trained. Eighteen, 65, and 28 were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 and 1 had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three, 23, and 9 reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende discutir a conexão entre a hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer e a questão ambiental, enquanto uma espécie de eco-hermenêutica. Nesse sentido, busca-se discutir a contribuição do pensamento ontológico-prático de Gadamer em termos ecológicos, como um ramo da filosofia no qual as questões em torno do meio ambiente constituem um problema comum no âmbito da práxis humana. Apontando a crise ecológica como questão básica, Gadamer indica uma forma de pensar a própria constituição do modo de estar no mundo com (...) os outros, situado em uma esfera de práxis atual e cada vez mais degradada. Em uma palavra, ele oferece um horizonte interpretativo ao questionamento ecológico como um dos caminhos onde ainda se pode pensar a solidariedade hermenêutica em termos de solidariedade ecológica, como possibilidade de reabilitação da práxis desde o ambiente comum. (shrink)

A partir de la amenaza a la presencia de la Filosofía en la Enseñanza Media, y de su situación cada vez más marginal en la enseñanza universitaria, este artículo plantea una discusión sobre la utilidad o inutilidad de la filosofía, su relación con la democracia y su carácter específico en el conjunto del saber. La discusión se extiende a la relación de la filosofía con la sociedad, y a su lugar en la enseñanza superior, con una consideración especial sobre el (...) caso español. Los resultados que se proponen son: 1) aunque carezca de utilidad inmediata, la filosofía acompaña el florecimiento social, y cumple en él tanto una función crítica como integradora. 2) En el caso español, hay que constatar un fracaso y un encapsulamiento de la filosofía que no puede ignorarse en las reflexiones y reclamaciones de los filósofos españoles sobre su situación. 3) La concepción de la universidad con criterios mercantiles que se trata de imponer es contradictoria en sí misma. Va a seguir habiendo una institución de educación superior destinada a la creación de conocimiento y al aseguramiento de la hegemonía social. La pregunta no es si la filosofía tendrá lugar allí, sino cómo se practicará en él. Dejando la cuestión abierta, se hacen algunas propuestas finales. (shrink)

--Os quarto imperios.--O imperio de Carneiro.--O Imperio daLôba.--O imperio do Capricornio.--O imperio do Cordeiro.

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor e discutir as concepções de Gottlob Frege sobre os conceitos de “sentido” e “referência” e como, por meio destes, se deu a contribuição do filósofo ao que hoje chamamos filosofia da linguagem. Entretanto, vários estudiosos não consideram Frege um autêntico filósofo da linguagem, alguns de seus escritos representam, historicamente, enorme influência nesse ramo da filosofia contemporânea, pois tentam solucionar certos problemas da linguagem. Serão analisados principalmente o célebre artigo “Sobre Sentido e Referência” bem como (...) alguns de seus escritos que se ocupam, ainda que de modo secundário, sobre ambos os conceitos. (shrink)

This work provides an original account of Francis Bacon's conception of natural inquiry. P'erez-Ramos sets Bacon in an epistemological tradition that postulates an intimate relation between objects of cognition and objects of construction, and regards the human knower as, fundamentally, a maker. By exploring the background to this tradition, and contrasting the responses of major philosophers of the 17th century with Bacon's own, the book charts Bacon's contribution to the modern philosophy of science.

There are concerns that participation in open science will lead to various forms of exploitation – of researchers and scholars in low‐income countries and under‐resourced institutions. This article defends a contrary thesis and demonstrates the exact ways the underexplored notions of communal relationships, human dignity and social justice – and the normative principles to which they give rise – grounded in African philosophy can usefully address critical concerns regarding exploitation in the sharing of research resources to facilitate open partnership/collaboration and (...) reuse. Further research is required to study the specific roles different institutions can play in facilitating open practice and contribute towards establishing effective structures that can enhance equity and balance unfavourable power asymmetries. (shrink)

Two experiments are reported which investigate the factors that influence how persuaded mathematicians are by visual arguments. We demonstrate that if a visual argument is accompanied by a passage of text which describes the image, both research-active mathematicians and successful undergraduate mathematics students perceive it to be significantly more persuasive than if no text is given. We suggest that mathematicians’ epistemological concerns about supporting a claim using visual images are less prominent when the image is described in words. Finally we (...) suggest that empirical studies can make a useful contribution to our understanding of mathematical practice. (shrink)

Scientific and Philosophical Studies of Mind Franklin and Marshall College Lancaster, PA 17604-3003 USA .

A última fase do filósofo Louis Althusser desperta amplo interesse pela resolução da maioria das questões suscitadas desde suas primeiras publicações na década de 60, dentre as quais a mais relevante delas sobre a teleologia no materialismo histórico. No entanto, suas publicações sobre o chamado “Materialismo de Encontro” só apareceram post mortem e, ainda, o fatídico episódio da morte de sua esposa contribui para o repúdio e esquecimento do autor. O materialismo de encontro, ou aleatório, é o empenho resultante da (...) tentativa de compreensão dos processos históricos isentos da teleologia. O materialismo de encontro é, ainda, a realização de um projeto mais ambicioso que é o estabelecimento de uma filosofia para o marxismo. No caso, uma filosofia assistemática aberta aos eventos histórico e também impulsionadora de um projeto político de transição. Filosofia que se estabeleça de maneira a escapar à interpelação dos indivíduos em sujeitos, um desvio à Ideologia dominante. Trataremos, então, da categoria de clinamen como o desvio do assujeitamento e, sobretudo, como categoria habilitadora de uma ação política. Observaremos as principais linhas de fundamentação, como núcleo invisível, da assertiva teórica althusseriana do aleatório no seio do materialismo de Charles Darwin, na análise elaborada pelo professor Vittorio Morfino. Numa conjectura, a questão da dialética e seu papel reservado à Teoria, à Ideologia, às formações sociais e a possibilidade de uma ação política inscrita no clinamen. (shrink)

In this paper, we address the problem of truth approximation through theory change, asking whether revising our theories by newly acquired data leads us closer to the truth about a given domain. More particularly, we focus on “nomic conjunctive theories”, i.e., theories expressed as conjunctions of logically independent statements concerning the physical or, more generally, nomic possibilities and impossibilities of the domain under inquiry. We define both a comparative and a quantitative notion of the verisimilitude of such theories, and identify (...) suitable conditions concerning the (partial) correctness of acquired data, under which revising our theories by data leads us closer to “the nomic truth”, construed as the target of scientific inquiry. We conclude by indicating some further developments, generalizations, and open issues arising from our results. (shrink)

Au terme des Prolégomènes, Husserl formule son idée de la logique pure en la structurant sur deux niveaux: l'un, supérieur, de la logique formelle fondé transcendantalement et d'un point de vue épistémologique par l'autre, inférieur, d'une morphologie des catégories. Seul le second de ces deux niveaux est traité dans les Recherches logiques, tandis que les travaux théoriques en logique formelle menés par Husserl à la même époque en paraissent plutôt indépendants. Cet article est consacré à ces travaux tels que recueillis (...) dans les appendices VI-X du volume 12 des Husserliana. Mettant en évidence la théorie de la signification qui les sous-tend par le biais d'une analyse de la question dite de l'extension des systèmes d'axiomes et de sa résolution au moyen d'une notion de complétude, son objectif est d'expliciter les modalités de l'intégration de la logique formelle dans l'idée husserlienne de la logique pure au tournant du xx siècle.When formulating his idea of pure logic in the Prole.. (shrink)

What can we learn from the open and attentive perception of children and poets? How does this perception contribute to a methodology that reaches the intricate entanglement of worldly phenomena in its entire otherness? In this essay, we aim to answer these questions, taking into account the phenomeno-logical grounds which lead us to achieve a singular state of perception and, therefore, a more crystal clear knowledge of the beings and things in the lived world. We seek to explore other forms (...) of rationality and aesthetic sensibility, by considering poetic language and a phenomenological understanding of the environment. We argue for a modality of thought that encompasses the foundations of Goethe, Husserl, Bateson, Ingold, Leiris and Krishnamurti to collapse the dichotomy between person and environment. (shrink)

C. S. Lewis reflexionó sobre la filosofía del color de manera accesoria en algunas de sus obras teóricas y les dio cauce narrativo en la Trilogía cósmica. A pesar de ser una cuestión escasamente explorada en la academia, resulta pertinente investigar el valor filosófico y especulativo que concede al color en el ámbito de su teoría de lo real, de inspiración platónica. Esta investigación aspira a analizar e interpretar, desde la cosmología precopernicana, la relevancia ontológica, epistemológica y metafísica del color (...) de las que se hacen eco los tres libros que componen la saga de Ransom a través de una serie de temas recurrentes. El profesor Lewis, además, acompañó estas reflexiones de una interdisciplinariedad que se sustentaba sobre el simbolismo medieval. En la trilogía, los colores de los mundos del espacio profundo revelan la verdadera realidad inteligible y anticipan el fundamento metafísico del cosmos en el marco de una metanarrativa teísta y trascendente. (shrink)

The starting point of this paper is the idea that linguistic representation is the result of a global process: a process of interaction of a community of cognitive-linguistic agents, with one another and with the environment. I maintain that the study of truth, meaning and related notions should be addressed without losing perspective of this process, and I oppose the ‘static’ or ‘analytic’ approach, which is fundamentally based on our own knowledge of the conventional meaning of words and sentences, and (...) the ability of using them that we have as competent speakers. I argue that the analytic perspective is responsible for five recurring difficulties in truthmaker theory: (1) the lack of attention to the difference of explanatory role between the distinct notions proposed as primary truthbearer; (2) the adscription of purely extra-linguistic truthmakers to ‘synthetic truths’, ignoring the contribution of the linguistic factor; (3) the adscription of purely linguistic truthmakers to ‘logical’ and ‘analytic truths’, ignoring the contribution of the worldly factor; (4) the difficulties in the search for minimal truthmakers; (5) the problems in the treatment of ‘negative facts’ and of other ‘logically complex facts’. I do not provide an account of how to solve these difficulties, but I do show how the ‘process model’ helps to clear up confusion regarding them. (shrink)

Some initial considerations on film in documentary form are discussed, along with its relationships with reality and fiction in cinema language. Found footage genre is explained, pointing its most important technical and aesthetical characteristics. The text points the importance of the movie camera in documentary and found footage, not only as a technical device that objectivizes the information in a static manner, but also as an axis that configures dynamism and subjectivity on films. Redacted (2007) by Brian De Palma is (...) analyzed as an example of hybrid forms of fiction and reality in cinema. Beyond a traditional analysis of narrative of films, this text emphasizes the forms in which they are developed, which affect and determine the substance of films. (shrink)

In this article, an attempt was made to identify the level of community social participation according to age, gender and the structural characteristics of the personal support networks in a population displaced by floods in the Colombian Caribbean. The research was based in a non-experimental methodology with an associative-relational strategy. An intentional non-probabilistic sample of 151 people affected by the winter wave in the south of the Department of Atlántico (Colombia) was selected. In total, the study included 42 males (27.8 (...) %) and 109 females (72.2 %) participants, with an average age of 37.48 (±14, Range 18 - 80) and average relocation time of 21.79 months (± 8.22, Range 5-36). The Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS) and Community Empowerment instruments were responded to with an instrument adapted from the leadership competence factor. The results show lower rates of intermediation in the older population, and the relationship between social participation and gender shows equally cohesive social support networks in men and women. This evidence is discussed to promote psychosocial interventions aimed to increase community engagement and empowerment of people that have experienced non-voluntary mobility processes. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar o tema dos direitos humanos e cidadania sob a perspectiva da filosofia política de Hannah Arendt. O artigo retrata, em sua primeira parte, a ilusáo fundacionista dos direitos humanos ante a situaçáo dos apátridas e refugiados, situaçáo que leva a autora a formular o conceito de cidadania como o direito a ter direitos . Na sequência, analisa os elementos que configuram sua teoria política, tais como: liberdade, (...) açáo, pluralidade e espaço público, os quais, articulados entre si, permitem a formaçáo de um conceito de cidadania baseado na real participaçáo dos cidadáos na organizaçáo política de uma comunidade, em contrapartida a um conceito meramente formal de cidadania. Para, finalmente, abordar o sistema de conselho, instância em que a cidadania é compreendida como açáo vivenciada no espaço público, favorecendo, assim, a possibilidade de efetivaçáo dos direitos humanos, exercidos como dignidade política dos cidadáos. (shrink)

The present work aims to develop, very briefly, some reflections on eugenics, as a method of social selectivity, and its relationship with liberalism in current societies. To this end, at first I presented the presence of eugenics sinc Antiquity, its intimate relationship with genetics, as well as the process of instrumentalization of science, externalized in the criticism of some epistemologists. In the second moment we seek to present the investigation regarding the ethical problems arising from research directed to biogenetics from (...) the perspective of the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, for whom such research may, in the very near future, begin to be regulated by a market logic, bringing with it This has profound consequences for the normative self-undestanding of the individual, whose life project becomes guided by the subjective preferences of third parties. (shrink)

En el libro II de la Ética Nicomaquea (EN), Aristóteles menciona 6 casos para los cuales la fórmula según la cual la virtud es el término medio no aplica, esto es, 3 acciones y 3 pasiones donde no es posible pensar ocasión o modo correctos de realizarlas, acciones y pasiones que siempre estarán mal independientemente del contexto y del agente, lo que hoy día llamaríamos «absolutos morales». Dentro de la bibliografía secundaria tal afirmación no ha suscitado gran polémica, pero poco (...) o nada se ha reparado en el hecho de que (1) la cualidad por la cual esas 6 son siempre reprobables la comparten muchas otras acciones y pasiones y que, por tanto, (2) habría que aceptar que en Aristóteles hay un listado relativamente extenso de «absolutos morales». (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a unitary typology for the incompatibilities of meanings at stake on different levels of Husserlian pure logic—namely, between systems of axioms and pure morphology of meanings; I show that they perfectly match by converging on the notion of Widersinn.

Este documento profundiza en la propuesta de solución sobre el conocimiento del singular desarrollado por Ernst Cassirer. El problema plantea que la relación entre lo particular y lo general se concibe ya en los primeros estudios del autor hasta cristalizar en su propuesta de intercambiar los conceptos sustantivos por conceptos funcionales. Este intercambio metodológico permitirá al neokantiano fundamentar, eventualmente, la Philosophie der Symbolischen Formen como cosmovisión que concibe a la cultura como criterio universal de sentido de todas las acciones del (...) ser humano y al símbolo como unidad funcional armónica entre el singular y el universal. (shrink)

We discuss prior publication and redundancy in contemporary science in the context of changing perceptions of originality in the communication of research results. These perceptions have been changing in the publication realm, particularly in the last 15 years. Presenting a brief overview of the literature, we address some of the conflicts that are likely to arise between authors and editors. We illustrate our approach with conference presentations that are later published as journal articles and focus on a recent retraction of (...) an article that had been previously published as a conference proceedings. Although we do not make definitive pronouncements on the matter—as many concepts are evolving—we do argue that conference papers that contain sufficient details for others to attempt a replication and are indexed in scientific databases such as PubMed, challenge some currently held assumptions of prior publication and originality in the sciences. Our view is that these important issues are in need of further clarification and harmonization within the science publishing community. This need is more evident when we consider current notions of research integrity when it comes to communication to peers. Revisiting long-standing views about what constitutes prior publication and developing a clearer set of guidelines for authors and editors to follow should reduce conflicts in the research environment, which already exerts considerable pressure, especially on newcomers in academia. However, while clearer guidelines are timely, developing them is only part of the challenge. The present times seem to call for deeper changes in the research and publication systems. (shrink)

Commentators believe that the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the inconveniences of capitalism and that the end of “neoliberalism” could be near. In this article we show that a capitalist ethics is capable to deal with the challenges of pandemics and comes with important advantages such as the prevention of overreactions. We apply both utilitarian and rights-based ethics to the case of epidemics in general and COVID-19 in particular. First a libertarian natural law ethics is used to assess the government interventions in (...) the Corona pandemic. We maintain that these interventions cannot be justified from a libertarian point of view despite of the possible objections that are discussed such as the “potential threat argument”. Moreover, the utilitarian argument in favor of government lockdowns is evaluated. The negative effects of lockdown on mental health, addictions, domestic violence, etc. have to be taken into account. The utilitarian argument in favor of lockdown is far from convincing, as economic calculation is not possible. (shrink)

In The Philosophy of Information, Luciano Floridi presents a theory of “strongly semantic information”, based on the idea that “information encapsulates truth” (the so-called “veridicality thesis”). Starting with Popper, philosophers of science have developed different explications of the notion of verisimilitude or truthlikeness, construed as a combination of truth and information. Thus, the theory of strongly semantic information and the theory of verisimilitude are intimately tied. Yet, with few exceptions, this link has virtually pass unnoticed. In this paper, we briefly (...) survey both theories and offer a critical comparison of strongly semantic information and related notions, like truth, verisimilitude, and partial truth. (shrink)

A higiene dos espaços e o interesse em uma vida mais saudável levou pesquisadores a examinar a relação entre saúde, meio ambiente e movimentos socioespaciais na proliferação de doenças como a esquistossomose. As migrações de pessoas por melhores oportunidades de trabalho e acesso a serviços de saúde podem impactar na distribuição geográfica dessas doenças. O cenário de doenças de veiculação hídricas, devido à falta de saneamento básico e migrações tem sido uma preocupação da sociedade e órgãos ambientais, pois, podem influenciar (...) na ocorrência da esquistossomose. Este estudo relaciona urbanização, movimentos socioespaciais e saneamento com o surgimento da esquistossomose, utilizando pesquisas bibliográficas de fontes como FIOCRUZ, IBGE e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas. Conclui-se que a expansão urbana, associada à chegada de migrantes e à ausência de políticas públicas de saneamento, destaca a necessidade de maior atenção aos problemas de saúde pública, justificando a relevância deste artigo. (shrink)