This brilliant exposition of the critique of identity is a classic in contemporary philosophy and one of Deleuze's most important works. Of fundamental importance to literary critics and philosophers,Difference and Repetition develops two central concepts—pure difference and complex repetition&mdasha;and shows how the two concepts are related. While difference implies divergence and decentering, repetition is associated with displacement and disguising. Central in initiating the shift in French thought away from Hegel and Marx toward Nietzsche and Freud, _Difference and Repetition_ moves deftly (...) to establish a fundamental critique of Western metaphysics. (shrink)

Considered one of the most important works of one of France's foremost philosophers, and long-awaited in English, "The Logic Of Sense" is an essay in literary and psychoanalytic theory, and philosophy, and helps to illuminate such works as "Anti-Oedipus".

Examines the philosophical foundations of Foucault's writings and discusses his views on knowledge, punishment, power, and subjectivation.

For those not yet acquainted with the work of this philosopher, this book provides a point of entry to his complex theories. For those more familiar with Deleuze, this collection should be useful in broadening their understanding of this influential thinker's journey in search of knowledge.

A critical examination of the figure of Oedipus in psychoanalysis and Western culture as it relates to the history of society and capitalism.

- Comment une autre langue se crée dans la langue, de telle manière que le langage tout entier tende vers sa limite ou son propre " dehors "? - Comment la possibilité de la psychose et la réalité du délire s'inscrivent dans ce parcours? - Comment le dehors du langage est fait de visions et d'auditions non-langagières, mais que seul le langage rend possibles? - Pourquoi les écrivains sont dès lors, à travers les mots, des coloristes et des musiciens?

Considered one of the most important works of one of France's foremost philosophers, and long-awaited in English, The Logic of Sense begins with an extended exegesis of Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. Considering stoicism, language, games, sexuality, schizophrenia, and literature, Deleuze determines the status of meaning and meaninglessness, and seeks the 'place' where sense and nonsense collide. Written in an innovative form and witty style, The Logic of Sense is an essay in literary and psychoanalytic theory as well as philosophy, (...) and helps to illuminate such works as Anti-Oedipus. (shrink)

Threat-related stimuli can capture attention. However, it remains debated whether this capture is automatic or not. To address this question, we compared attentional biases to emotional faces using a dot-probe task (DPT) where emotion was never goal-relevant (Experiment 1) or made directly task-relevant by means of induction trials (Experiments 2–3). Moreover, the contingency between the DPT and induction trials was either partial (Experiment 2) or full (Experiment 3). Eye-tracking was used to ascertain that the emotional cue and the subsequent target (...) were processed with peripheral vision. Experiments 1 and 2 both showed that negative faces captured attention, with faster target processing when it appeared on the same side as the preceding fearful face (i.e. fear-valid trials) compared to the opposite side where the neutral face was shown (i.e. fear-invalid trials), but also when it appeared on the side of the preceding neutral face (i.e. happy-invalid trials) compared to the happy face (i.e. happy-valid trials). Importantly, this preferential spatial orienting to negative emotion was not observed in Experiment 3, where the goal relevance of emotion was high. However, in that experiment, fearful faces produced a specific attentional bias during the DPT, which was mostly driven by the induction trials themselves. (shrink)

La tesis central de este artículo es que “los centros de encierro” disciplinarios descritas por Foucault: “cárcel, hospital, fábrica, escuela, familia, atraviesan una crisis generalizada”. Vivimos la decadencia de la “sociedad disciplinaria”, que fue “la sucesora de las sociedades de soberanía”, cuyos fines y funciones eran completamente distintos. Estas surgieron en los siglos XVII y XVIII hasta mediados del XX, y fueron el tema central de las investigaciones de Foucault. La sociedad actual es denominada como “sociedad de control” y éste (...) se ejerce fluidamente en espacios abiertos, en forma desterritorializada, mediante los psico-fármacos, el consumo televisivo, el marketing, el endeudamiento privado, el consumo, entre otras modalidades. Lo esencial en ellas son las cifras fluctuantes e intercambiables como las que muestran el valor de una moneda en las otras, el movimiento incesante del surf que sustituye los deportes lentos y estratégicos como el box. Las fábricas son reemplazadas por las empresas, que son formaciones dúctiles y cambiantes, las máquinas simples por sistemas computarizados de producción y control. La in-dividualidad es sustituida por “divuales” externos, informatizados e informatizables, que se desplazan en un espacio virtual. (shrink)

L’objectif de l’article est de proposer une théorie de l’engagement psychologique dans le langage. C’est-à-dire de présenter une vue systématique de l’implication de la psyché des sujets parlants dans leur accomplissement d’actes de langage ou encore de ce à quoi ils sont assujettis sur le plan psychologique quand ils parlent. Cette théorie a la forme d’une série de thèses chacune relative à un trait spécifique de la performance langagière. Prenant appui sur la philosophie du langage de John Searle et Daniel (...) Vanderveken, elle est élaborée à partir d’une notion originale d’engagement à avoir des états mentaux.The aim of this article is to propose a theory of the psychological commitment in the language. In other words, it is to present a systematic view of how the mental states of the speakers are present in their performance of speech acts, of what are the psychological states to the possession of which the speakers are committed when they speak. This theory is based on several thesis, each of which is about a specific aspect of the performance of speech acts. It is proposed in the perspective of the philosophy of language of John Searle and Daniel Vanderveken on the basis of an original concept of commitment to have mental states. (shrink)

The aim of the present article is to examine the paradox that while Bourdieu appears to be highly favorable to Marx, there is a radical disagreement between their two theoretical systems. In Bourdieu’s writing, comments favorable to Marx outweigh criticism by a ratio of 4,5 to 1. Marxists, in contrast, come in for ten times more criticism than support. Bourdieu’s approval of Marx in fact concerns only what are secondary aspects, while the few critiques he addresses delineate a structural opposition (...) between the two authors. Bourdieu rejects the theory of surplus value, the Marxist theory of exploitation, and the communist project. Among other things, he draws up a critique of Marx’s analyses of the State, legitimation, social classes. Explanation for the paradox is to be sought in the strategy deployed by Bourdieu in the field of the social sciences. (shrink)

Let X be a non-reflexive Banach space such that X ∗ is separable. Let N be the set of all equivalent norms on X , equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on bounded subsets of X . We show that the subset Z of N consisting of Fréchet-differentiable norms whose dual norm is not strictly convex reduces any difference of analytic sets. It follows that Z is exactly a difference of analytic sets when N is equipped with the standard (...) Effros–Borel structure. Our main lemma elucidates the topological structure of the norm-attaining linear forms when the norm of X is locally uniformly rotund. (shrink)

This article presents a formal ontology which accounts for the general nature of artefacts. The objective is to help structure application ontologies in areas where specific artefacts are present - in other words, virtually any area of activity. The conceptualization relies on recent philosophical and psychological research on artefacts, having resulted in a largely consensual theoretical basis. Furthermore, this ontology of artefacts extends the foundational DOLCE ontology and supplements its axiomatization. The conceptual primitives are as follows: artificial entity, intentional production (...) of entities, (state of) capacity, capacity to play a role in actions of a given type, function and functional object. These primitives enable artefacts in general to be characterized as intentionally and successfully produced entities, and isolate an important subclass of “technical” artefacts to which a function is ascribed. Lastly, we emphasize the novelty of this ontology by comparing it with other works with similar objectives. (shrink)

Looks at the philosophies of Deleuze, who lived from 1925-1995, on issues such as becoming, ethics and morality, individuation, desire, and politics.

First delivered in French by Deleuze at the "Schizo-Culture" conference organized by Semiotext at Columbia University in 1975, "Rhizome" introduced a new kind of thinking in philosophy, both non-dialectical and non-hierarchical. The two didn't expect this neo-anarchical blue-print would eventually offer an early template for the understanding of the internet. "Rhizome" substitutes pragmatic, "couch grass," free-floating logic to the binary, oppositional, and exclusive model of the tree. In "Politics," superceding the Marxist concept of class, Deleuze envisages the social macrocosm as (...) a series of lines, and reinvent politics as a process of flux whose outcome will always be unpredictable. It is, he emphasizes, the end of the idea of revolution, but not of the "becoming revolutionary.". (shrink)

Les pères de l’école connue sous le nom d’ « École autrichienne d’économie », Carl Menger (1840-1921) et son premier disciple Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851-1914), ont analysé les pratiques d’affaires et la nature des activités de l’entrepreneur au-delà de ce qui se faisait en leur temps au sein de l’école historique allemande. Ont-ils pour autant déjà donné une « théorie de l’entrepreneur » en tant que telle, et le pouvaient-ils? Toujours est-il qu’émergent dans leurs œuvres les éléments d’analyse d’un intérêt (...) neuf pour des aspects de l’entreprise et la nature du système de production capitaliste dont l’impact allait se faire sentir de la société de leurs contemporains et chez leurs héritiers (comme Israel Kirzner) jusqu’à nos jours. (shrink)

We give a simple and direct proof that super-consistency implies the cut-elimination property in deduction modulo. This proof can be seen as a simplification of the proof that super-consistency implies proof normalization. It also takes ideas from the semantic proofs of cut elimination that proceed by proving the completeness of the cut-free calculus. As an application, we compare our work with the cut-elimination theorems in higher-order logic that involve V-complexes.

L’auteur a déjà introduit les concepts de “contenu formel” et “dualité” dans des publications antérieures, avec l’intention d’éclairer les problèmes suscités par la fécondité de la pensée formelle. Cet article a pour objectif d’établir leur relation et articulation. Le terme “dualité” est emprunté aux mathématiques. Il désigne une catégorie fondamentale de la pensée objective, dans la mesure où il est défini comme un principe de détermination réciproque pour n’importe quel système d’objets et le système d’opérations auquel il est nécessairement associé. (...) Son caractère fundamental en tant que catégorie tient essentiellement au fait d’être une condition transcendentale pour n’importe quelle espèce de pensée symbolique objective. Par le principe de dualité, on peut établir de façon générale la signification de l’opposition du contenu et de la forme, et celle de la détermination des contenus par de simples formes, indépendemment de leur origine empirique. La forme logique est alors définie comme le “degré zéro” d’une telle opposition. Des exemples de production de contenus formels dans les processus scientifiques sont examinés et considérés comme des preuves d’une dialectique interne des concepts, principalement dans le domaine des mathématiques. Dans la conclusion, nous proposons l’examen de deux questions : 1) Est-il approprié de concevoir un niveau de pensée formelle plus profond que celui de la Logique, et comment pourrions-nous y accéder? 2) Comment des contenus purement formels peuvent-ils produire des connaissances applicables au monde empirique ? Ce problème n’est qu’une nouvelle formulation de la vieille énigme de la déduction transcendentale.The author has introduced the concepts of “formal content” and “duality” in previous papers, with a view to shedding light on the problems posed by the fecundity of formal thought. The present work is an attempt to show their relationship and articulation. The term “duality” has been borrowed from mathematics. It designates a fundamental category of objective thinking, in so far as it is defined as a principle of reciprocal determination for every system of objects and the system of operations to which it is necessarily associated. The fundamental character of duality as a category essentially lies in its being a transcendental condition for every symbolic kind of objective thought. Through the principle of duality, one can give its more general meaning to the opposition of content to form, and to the determination of contents by mere forms, independent of empirical import. Logical form is then defined as the “zero degree” of such an opposition. Examples of the production of formal contents in scientific processes are examined, and considered as evidence of an internal dialectics of concepts, principally in the field of mathematics. In the conclusion, two questions are proposed: 1) Is it appropriate to conceive of a level of formal thought, deeper than the level of Logics, and how could we try to approach it? 2) How do pure formal contents come to generate knowledge applicable to the empirical world? This problem is, under new guise, the old transcendental deduction enigma. (shrink)

Masochism is inseparable from the contract; but even while projecting it on the dominatrix, it pushes the contract to the extreme, takes its mechanisms apart, maybe even renders it ridiculous.

La philosophie est-elle un savoir? Y a-t-il des vérités philosophiques? Peut-on démontrer en philosophie? Deux tentations opposées sont ici dénoncées. L'une porte à présenter la philosophie comme une sorte de science éminente et dogmatique ; l'autre à la confondre avec l'exposé poétique et passionné de quelques états d'âme. L'auteur, au contraire, essaie d'établir que la philosophie, à travers sa diversité, constitue une véritable connaissance, irréductible à celle que fournit la science et n'y suppléant en aucun cas : une connaissance capable (...) de rigueur, quoique non démonstrative, une connaissance paradoxalement sans objets. (shrink)

This article proposes an interpretation of the chapters of theNicomachean Ethicsconcerning exchange and friendship. Rejecting approaches where Aristotle anticipates modern labour or need-based theories of value, the article claims that those notions of labour and need are required for a satisfactory interpretation of the most obscure passages of Book V. Finally, Aristotle's texts on exchange and friendship are related in such a way that the latter, since it is free from any political considerations, allows us to better understand the philosopher's (...) view on exchange. (shrink)

La musique témoigne d'une sensualité fondatrice, où la peau émue a ouvert la construction du corps et de la psyché. Cette sensualité, ici suivie à partir du mythe de Pan, prend pour nom Éros. Or, celui-ci a plusieurs visages. Déjà, dans Le Banquet, Pausanias distingue l'Éros "céleste" de celui "vulgaire". Le premier s'adresse à l'âme et aux Idées, en portant un désir alimenté par les formes culturelles propres aux arts libéraux. Le second signifie l'abandon charnel à la transe et à (...) la jouissance. Si le conflit entre Apollon et Dionysos se retrouve alors, Éros révèle aussi un troisième visage, plus primordial que les deux autres et nécessaire à leur opposition. Ces trois visages définissent chacun une esthétique musicale, tout en interrogeant l'élaboration corporelle et symbolique du sujet. Que ce soit dans un cadre éducatif ou thérapeutique, ou dans le contexte de la société postmoderne qui n'a retenu que le seul visage dionysiaque, ces trois Éros se meuvent selon un équilibre tendu, où se donne le sens même de l'humanisation. Ce sens, la musique ne cesse de le chanter, dès que la voix maternelle vient envelopper le nourrisson."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Pour l'economiste le plus celebre et le plus influent du vingtieme siecle, John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), l'economie devrait occuper une place secondaire dans la vie humaine et sociale. La politique et surtout l'ethique devraient etre au poste de commande. L'oeuvre de Keynes, penseur multidimensionnel, s'appuyait sur un socle philosophique, ethique et epistemologique, qui en eclaire tous les aspects. Notre communication souligne en particulier l'influence determinante, dans la vision keynesienne, des Principia Ethica de Moore. A partir de ce livre, et des (...) Principles of Mathematics de Russell, Keynes a engage une reflexion philosophique qui a abouti ä la publication, en 1921, du Treatise on Probability, qui pose le probleme de Taction en contexte d'incertitude radicale, ce qui est le cas de Taction economique. C'est done sur la base d'une reflexion philosophique, encore peu connue, que Keynes condamne le laisser-faire et prone un interventionnisme indispensable pour eviter Tecroulement d'une civilisation menacee par les extremismes. (shrink)

Introduction. Exister, c'est être seul -- 1. Conformisme et aristocratisme -- 2. Penser et lire -- 3. Communauté et économie -- 4. De la politique à l'enseignement -- 5. Des degrés de communauté -- 6. L'épreuve du collectif -- 7. Du "je" au "nous" -- 8. Une communauté à deux? -- 9. Le collectif en conflit -- 10. Ennemis et adversaires -- Conclusion. Quelques-uns.

Ce texte fait ressortir l’intérêt des études d’emploi du temps pour une analyse empirique du temps réellement consacré au loisir. Il s’appuie sur une analyse comparative des données originales d’enquêtes menées aux États-Unis, en France et au Canada. Par-delà la variabilité de la nomenclature utilisée, les grandes tendances sont bien étayées : mouvement d’accroissement du temps consacré au loisir jusqu’au milieu des années quatre-vingt aux États-Unis, jusqu’à une décennie plus tard au Canada et en France, puis stabilisation, voire déclin parmi (...) la population active, par la suite. Au sein du temps consacré au loisir, on constate une part relativement constante du temps sportif, un déclin du temps consacré à la lecture, signe du déclin du temps culturel et une remontée récente de la part consacrée au petit écran. Une analyse de variance permet d’avancer que c’est le rapport entre la population active et la population inactive, aux divers âges de la vie, qui explique la plus importante partie des variations observées dans les trois cas étudiés. (shrink)

Given a 4-tuple of Boolean variables (a, b, c, d), logical proportions are modeled by a pair of equivalences relating similarity indicators ( \({a \wedge b}\) and \({\overline{a} \wedge \overline{b}}\) ), or dissimilarity indicators ( \({a \wedge \overline{b}}\) and \({\overline{a} \wedge b}\) ) pertaining to the pair (a, b), to the ones associated with the pair (c, d). There are 120 semantically distinct logical proportions. One of them models the analogical proportion which corresponds to a statement of the form “a (...) is to b as c is to d”. The paper inventories the whole set of logical proportions by dividing it into five subfamilies according to what they express, and then identifies the proportions that satisfy noticeable properties such as full identity (the pair of equivalences defining the proportion hold as true for the 4-tuple (a, a, a, a)), symmetry (if the proportion holds for (a, b, c, d), it also holds for (c, d, a, b)), or code independency (if the proportion holds for (a, b, c, d), it also holds for their negations \({{(\overline{a},\overline{b}, \overline{c}, \overline{d})}}\) ). It appears that only four proportions (including analogical proportion) are homogeneous in the sense that they use only one type of indicator (either similarity or dissimilarity) in their definition. Due to their specific patterns, they have a particular cognitive appeal, and as such are studied in greater details. Finally, the paper provides a discussion of the other existing works on analogical proportions. (shrink)

ABSTRACTNegative emotion influences cognitive control, and more specifically conflict adaptation. However, discrepant results have often been reported in the literature. In this study, we broke down negative emotion into integral and incidental components using a modern motivation-based framework, and assessed whether the former could change conflict adaptation. In the first experiment, we manipulated the duration of the inter-trial-interval to assess the actual time-scale of this effect. Integral negative emotion was induced by using loss-related feedback contingent on task performance, and measured (...) at the subjective and physiological levels. Results showed that conflict-driven adaptive control was enhanced when integral negative emotion was elicited, compared to a control condition without changes in defensive motivation. Importantly, this effect was only found when a short, as opposed to long ITI was used, suggesting that it had a short time scale. In the second experiment, we controlled for effe... (shrink)