While seeking novel food sources to feed the increasing population of the globe, several alternatives have been discussed, including algae, fungi or in vitro meat. The increasingly propagated usage of farmed insects for human nutrition raises issues regarding food safety, consumer information and animal protection. In line with law, insects like any other animals must not be reared or manipulated in a way that inflicts unnecessary pain, distress or harm on them. Currently, there is a great need for research in (...) the area of insect welfare, especially regarding species-specific needs, health, farming systems and humane methods of killing. Recent results from neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and behavioral sciences prompt caution when denying consciousness and therefore the likelihood of presence of pain and suffering or something closely related to it to insects. From an animal protection point of view, these issues should be satisfyingly solved before propagating and establishing intensive husbandry systems for insects as a new type of mini-livestock factory farming. (shrink)

The Canonical writings are not simply a source for the reconstruction of an historical event to which faith could then be directly related. They are an account of the Christ event and a believing witness to it.

Als Philologe und Philosoph ebnet Nietzsche einer Konzeption der Ein-Schreibungen und ihrer Oberflächen, der Zeichenketten und ihrer Manipulationen den Weg, ohne die die gegenwärtigen Forschungen zu den medialen Gesten, Techniken und Dispositiven des Schreibens und Lesens nicht vorstellbar wären. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass und warum Nietzsches eigene Lese- und Schreibpraxis die Notationspraxis antiker hypomnemata erneuert: Aphorismen und Fragmente sammeln und ordnen das andernorts Gelesene und Gedachte, nicht um es kulturgeschichtlich in den Zeitraum seiner Entstehung einzuschließen oder es zum Gegenstand der (...) Exegese zu machen, sondern um seine Reaktivierbarkeit in diskursiven Praktiken zu erproben, die das Subjekt an eine bestimmte Wahrheit binden. As philologist and philosopher, Nietzsche paves the way for an understanding of inscriptions and their surfaces, of character strings and their manipulations, without which contemporary research on medial gestures, techniques and dispositives of writing and reading would not be conceivable. The paper shows that and why Nietzsche's own reading and writing revives the practice of ancient : his aphorisms and fragments collect and organize what Nietzsche read and thought, not in order to confine it to the timeframe of its genesis nor to make it an object of exegesis, but to test its potential of being reactivated in discursive practices that bind the subject to a certain truth. (shrink)

Zum ersten Mal ist es möglich, Schleiermachers Pädagogik-Vorlesung von 1820/21 im Ganzen kennen zu lernen. Dies ist einer unlängst aufgetauchten studentischen Nachschrift zu verdanken, die hier veröffentlicht wird. Der jetzt vollständige Vorlesungstext belegt, dass Schleiermachers Theorie der Erziehung weit über den Themenkomplex "Gegenwirkung, Strafe und Zucht" hinausgeht. Unter diesem Titel war die Vorlesung von 1820/21 bisher bekannt, da für die erste Ausgabe 1849 lediglich Auszüge hauptsächlich zu diesem Thema zusammengestellt worden waren. Die Textgrundlagen sind seitdem verloren. Mit der neu aufgefundenen (...) Nachschrift kann nun die gesamte Vorlesung mitsamt der Stundeneinteilung (und dem jeweiligen Datum) geboten werden. Der (kritisch erstellte) Text wird hier in moderner Schreibweise und Zeichensetzung mit allen notwendigen Korrekturen als Studienausgabe vorgele> eine ausführliche Einleitung bietet u.a. eine tabellarische Übersicht der gesamten Textüberlieferung sowie Schleiermachers bisher unveröffentlichte Tagebucheintragungen zur Pädagogik. Erklärende Anmerkungen und ein detailliertes Sachregister erschließen den für Erziehungswissenschaften, Philosophie und Theologie gleichermaßen bedeutsamen Text. (shrink)

[v. 1] Sein werden; familien- und freundesbriefe, 1783 bis 1804.-[v. 2] Sein wirken; familien- und freundesbriefe, 1804 bis 1834.

Every day around the country, patients are discharged from hospitals without difficulty, as the interests of the hospital and the patient tend to align: both the hospital and the patient want the patient to leave and go to a setting that will promote the patient’s continued recovery. In some cases, however, this usually routine process does not go quite as smoothly. Patients may not want to leave the hospital, or they may insist on an unsafe discharge plan. In other cases, (...) there may simply be no good place for the patient to go. These complex hospital discharge situations often involve ethical, legal, financial, and practical considerations, but the ethical issues inherent in these dilemmas have received only sporadic attention from clinical ethicists at best, leaving patients, providers, administrators, and caregivers unsure about what to do. When the ethical issues are in fact brought to light, analysis usually proceeds based on a consideration of the principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. However, principled analysis often fails to present patients and providers with a satisfactory solution, as the principles inevitably conflict. In this paper, I argue that difficult discharges are ethical dilemmas worthy of scholarly attention that goes beyond principlism, and I argue that providers and those involved in discharge planning ought to cultivate what philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre calls “virtues of acknowledged dependence” in order to care for these patients and their families. I first trace the current conversation about difficult discharge and show that the principled approach to resolving discharge dilemmas is not sufficient. I then argue that a new approach is needed, and to that end, I offer practical ways in which MacIntyre’s account of the virtues of acknowledged dependence may help patients, providers, and family members to navigate issues of difficult discharge. (shrink)

In their article “Two Minds, One Patient: Clearing Up Confusion About ‘Ambivalence,’” Moore et al. argue that “different kinds of ‘ambivalence’ may call for different approaches” to resolution in c...

Cours en 34 leçons qui préfigure La philosophie de la révélation.