Dieser Quick Guide gibt einen Überblick über Compliance, ESG und Investigations in Emerging Markets im Kontext wachsender Anforderungen wie des deutschen Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetzes und EU-Verordnungen. Deutsche Unternehmen sind durch neue Regelungen, besonders in Emerging Markets, mit verstärkten Sorgfalts-, Dokumentations- und Berichterstattungspflichten konfrontiert. Dieser Leitfaden beleuchtet diese Herausforderungen und zeigt, wie On-Site Audits effizient durchgeführt werden können. Der Inhalt: Einführung Anknüpfungspunkte: Due Diligence, Supply Chain Compliance, Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung, Korruptionsvermeidung Betroffene Kreise: Unternehmen, Tochtergesellschaften, Zulieferer, Dritte Organisation von On-Site Audits Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Die Zielgruppen (...) CEOs, CFOs, Rechtsabteilungsleiter, Compliance-Beauftragte, Beschaffungsmitarbeiter, Rechtsanwälte Die Autoren: RA Dr. Constantin Frank-Fahle, LL.M., Gründungspartner (emltc), spezialisiert auf rechtliche und steuerliche Strukturierung von Auslandsinvestitionen. RA Roland Falder, Counsel (emltc), spezialisiert auf Arbeitsrecht und Compliance Untersuchungen. RA'in Dr. Anna-Luisa Lemmerz, Counsel (emltc), spezialisiert auf Handels- und Gesellschaftsrecht sowie Compliance. (shrink)

In this chapter, we outline the range of argument forms involving causation that can be found in everyday discourse. We also survey empirical work concerned with the generation and evaluation of such arguments. This survey makes clear that there is presently no unified body of research concerned with causal argument. We highlight the benefits of a unified treatment both for those interested in causal cognition and those interested in argumentation, and identify the key challenges that must be met for a (...) full understanding of causal argumentation. (shrink)

Constructibility and complexity play central roles in recent research in computer science, mathematics and physics. For example, scientists are investigating the complexity of computer programs, constructive proofs in mathematics and the randomness of physical processes. But there are different approaches to the explication of these concepts. This volume presents important research on the state of this discussion, especially as it refers to quantum mechanics. This `foundational debate' in computer science, mathematics and physics was already fully developed in 1930 in the (...) Vienna Circle. A special section is devoted to its real founder Hans Hahn, referring to his contribution to the history and philosophy of science. The documentation section presents articles on the early Philipp Frank and on the Vienna Circle in exile. Reviews cover important recent literature on logical empiricism and related topics. (shrink)

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) offers a dilemma for international political theory. ICRC's success as a humanitarian actor in international conflict is credited to its neutral stance. However, ICRC neutrality is vulnerable to serious challenges regarding its supposed avoidance of the political. ICRC neutrality is commonly dismissed as either illusory or impossible. The problem is not grounded in the principle of neutrality itself, though, but rather in the lack of critical engagement with what it means to be (...) neutral on a humanitarian register. ICRC misreads the demands of neutrality in such ways as to permit both partiality and irresponsibility to its mission. Drawing from Roland Barthes' address of the neutral, I argue that international humanitarianism is possible as a neutral movement but that this neutrality can only be such through vigorous and fundamentally political movement responsible to the goals of human well-being and dignity as questions. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Rhetoric 33.2 (2000) 137-153 [Access article in PDF] Metaphor and the Making of Sense: The Contemporary Metaphor Renaissance William Franke Metaphor has gained a new lease on life through the revival of rhetoric in recent decades. For promoters of "la nouvelle rhétorique," such as Gérard Genette and Roland Barthes, rhetoric came to coincide with a total science of language that is practically coextensive with all social (...) and human knowledge, while in the Anglo-Saxon world, Wayne Booth, in the wake of Kenneth Burke, repristinated rhetoric as, not just a technical discipline, but a moral one, and, in fact, an all-embracing criticism of the humanities. 1 The fortunes of metaphor have revived and flourished in tandem with those of rhetoric as a whole. Over the more than two millennia of a progressive eclipse of rhetoric, during which it shrank from its original primacy as the master art of persuasion in law, literature, and politics and, moreover, as the general framework of culture, to the status of an ancillary art of elocution of exclusively formal import, metaphor was eventually confined to being just one particular instance within the schemes of classifications of tropes. It became an affair of style, an ornament of decorative discourse, as rhetoric came to be identified with mere elocutio and was no longer essentially also inventio--the finding of arguments, in which metaphor's role is actually paramount--and dispositio--the ordering of discourse into its syntactic parts, such as exordium, narration, discussion, peroration. As the originally tripartite art and science of rhetoric was amputated of two of its main divisions in the classical model established on the basis of Aristotle's three-book treatise, 2 metaphor became a merely formal enhancement and lost its roles as substantive and structuring for knowledge and discourse.The decline of interest in philosophical, Aristotelian rhetoric had much to do with metaphor's reduction to a merely technical or decorative device. But with the recent widening practically without limit of the terrain of rhetoric, and particularly with its restoration to its original standing as a philosophical discipline comprehending the substance of argument, metaphor [End Page 137] has once again acquired cognitive status and, moreover, has tended to become the name for figurative language in general and even, emblematically, for the rhetorical or rhetoricity as such. Where the power of rhetoric to reshape cognitive meaning and even to reinvent, or at least reconfigure, reality was once again recognized as irresistible throughout all the realms of discourse, the source and unity of this power seemed to require a name, and more often than not metaphor--on account of the transformative, inventive power associated particularly with it--has been adopted to serve this purpose.Today, under the aegis of metaphor, the power of figurative language, arguably the originating power at the source of all language and even of an articulated world as such, has newly become an object of research and general theoretical speculation. This extension of the concept of metaphor is bound up with a renewed view of figurative language in general as not only a substantive bearer of the content of discourse, but also as ontologically constitutive of the world, as operative at the origins of things and their identities. It has become possible to view all language as being metaphorical, and accordingly metaphorical operations of transfer and redefinition have been recognized as being the very essence of language and of all that comes to articulation through it. Furthermore, as witnessed by burgeoning publications and conferences, metaphor has become a topic onto which practically all the classic philosophical problems of ontology and epistemology are projected and appear in a new, specifically linguistic, light. 3This new ascendency of metaphor is certainly not uninflected or uncontested, even within the camps of the new rhetoricians. Genette, in "La rhétorique restreinte" (1972), resists the "inflation of metaphor" to become the trope of tropes and the figure of figures in a wide range of writers epitomizing modern poetics--particularly Marcel Proust, Roman Jakobson, and Michel Deguy (1969). Genette argues against reduction of... (shrink)

Authority arguments generate support for claims by appealing to an agent’s authority status, rather than to reasons independent of it. With few exceptions, the current literature on argument schemes acknowledges two basic authority types. The _epistemic_ type grounds in knowledge, the_ deontic_ type grounds in power. We review how historically earlier scholarship acknowledged an_ attractiveness-based_ and a _majority-based_ authority type as equally basic type. Crossing these with basic speech act types thus yields authority argument sub-schemes. Focusing on the_ epistemic-assertive_ sub-scheme (...) (‘an epistemic authority _A_ _E_ asserts a proposition _P_’), we apply a meta-level approach to specifying critical questions. Results improve the evaluation of this sub-scheme and show how similar improvements are obtainable for other schemes. (shrink)

Does the practice of psychology make a significant and positive contribution to human welfare and the struggle for a good society? This book presents a reinvigorating look at psychology and its societal purpose, offering a bold new philosophical foundation from which professionals in the field can deeply examine their work.

Concerned especially with the work of making a democracy of distinction, Frank shows that such a democracy requires freedom and equality achieved through the exercise of virtue.

The article argues that universals of law, i.e. the laws of nature, are the general axioms of a deductive system of all knowledge, and their deductive consequences. Universals of fact are generalisations deducible from these together with particular facts.

Psychological experirnents have repeatedly shown that in judging the likelihood of uncertain events people do not follow the principles of probability theory. A notorious example is given by the so called conjunction fallacy. In this paper I argue that this fallacy is not really a fallacy when it is analysed in the light of a dynamic theory of default reasoning. The question that immediately rises is whether the fact that this theory conforms better to the way people actually think provides (...) a reason to prefer it to probability theory. (shrink)

Discussions often end before the issues that started them have been resolved. For example, in the late sixties and early seventies, a hot topic in philosophical logic was the development of an adequate semantics for the language of modal predicate logic. However, the result of this discussion was not one single system that met with general agreement, but a collection of alternative systems, each defended most ably by its proponents.

Gerade im Gesundheitswesen ist die Frage nach (Gestaltungs-)Macht heikel. Aber wer anderen Gutes tun möchte, der muss wirksam tätig werden können. Dies beinhaltet immer auch soziale Gestaltungsmacht. Wie gehen Pflegende mit der ihnen übertragenen bzw. auferlegten Macht um? Wie viel Macht ist im Kontext von Medizin, Pflege und Gesundheitssorge nötig? Und wie nehmen die Patientinnen und Patienten sie wahr? *Oft fühlen sich Menschen, die unter einer akuten Krankheit leiden, ohnmächtig. Und so wirkt der Begriff der Macht, den wir oft genug (...) mit Herrschaft und Gewalt verbinden, in einem Bereich, in dem es um Fürsorge und Behandlung geht, merkwürdig fehl am Platz. Gleichwohl bringen Ressourcen wie Wissen und finanzielle Mittel automatisch die Frage nach Macht in der Fürsorge aufs Tapet. Das Buch fragt nach der moralischen Bedeutung von Gestaltungsmacht und sucht das prekäre Verhältnis von Macht und Fürsorge ethisch auszuloten. (shrink)

A groundbreaking exploration of Heidegger and embodiment, from which a radical ethical perspective emerges.

Though the geographic dimensions of philosophical history were always, in principle at least, the whole globe, for the last two thousand years the ...

Accordingly, this book will be of great interest and benefit to anyone working in the fields of phenomenology, hermeneutics, or Heidegger studies.

The work of Schelling is not without problems, most notably his pantheism; nonetheless, because his philosophical presuppositions differ from those of Critical Philosophy, his work after 1800 (especially "Of Human Freedom" and "Stuttgart Seminars") provides an oddly "postmodern" alternative to subject-centered rationalism and the disenchanted secular culture it brought to birth. By counterpointing Schelling against Kant and by displaying the internal logic of Schelling's distinctive philosophy of identity, the author explores Schelling's conception of eternal life and analyzes its relevance for (...) ethics. (shrink)