Los estudios sobre el perfil de los aspirantes a la educación superior son escasos. Se compararon cuantitativamente características familiares, socioeconómicas y académicas de los aspirantes a la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria de las escuelas normales públicas de Baja California y Puebla. Perfil: mujer, soltera, 18 años, egresada de bachillerato general escolarizado. Se identificaron características más favorables en Baja California.

This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal relations: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B, and A allows not‐B, and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. Thus, A causes B corresponds to three possibilities: A and B, not‐A and B, and not‐A and not‐B, with the temporal constraint that B does not precede A; and the stronger relation conveys only the (...) first and last of these possibilities. Individuals represent these relations in mental models of what is true in the various possibilities. The theory predicts a number of phenomena, and, contrary to many accounts, it implies that the meaning of causation is not probabilistic, differs from the meaning of enabling conditions, and does not depend on causal powers or mechanisms. The theory also implies that causal deductions do not depend on schemas or rules. (shrink)

Includes articles about Origen, Thomas Aquinas, Hegel, Schleiermacher, Blondel, Teilhard de Chardin, Barth, Heidegger, Gadamer, postmodernism.

In this paper we ask whether the two-factor theory of delusions is compatible with two claims, that delusions are pathological and that delusions are adaptive. We concentrate on two recent and influential models of the two-factor theory: the one proposed by Max Coltheart, Peter Menzies and John Sutton (2010) and the one developed by Ryan McKay (2012). The models converge on the nature of Factor 1 but diverge about the nature of Factor 2. The differences between the two models are (...) reflected in different accounts of the pathological and adaptive nature of delusions. We will explore such differences, considering naturalist and normativist accounts of the pathological and focusing on judgements of adaptiveness that are informed by the shear-pin hypothesis (McKay and Dennett 2009). After reaching our conclusions about the two models, we draw more general implications for the status of delusions within two-factor theories. Are there good grounds to claim that delusions are pathological? Are delusions ever adaptive? Can delusions be at the same time pathological and adaptive? (shrink)

Há uma descontinuidade entre os enunciados acerca da circunstância técnica e os recursos que a constituem em matéria; mas será esta descontinuidade, este hiato, apreensível sob o vocativo da "técnica"? Talvez não; e talvez por isso seja preciso desviar-se da "técnica". E assim fez Gilbert Simondon; mas não o Simodon das bem conhecidas teses de doutoramento, mas o autor dos técnicos cursos ministrados entre 1960-70 que exibiam estreitos exercícios textuais analítico-descritivos de algumas circunstâncias técnicas específicas. Evidenciam os cursos pós-teses do (...) autor uma apuração metodológica até então inexistente em sua obra: a de uma oscilação entre a escala e a recursividade de esquemas funcionais. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to analyze La Mandragola di Niccolò Machiavelli and in particular the character of Lucretia, the female protagonist of the play. We will try to demonstrate that Machiavelli’s Mandragola exceeds the literary record and contains its own theoretical-political potential. For this purpose, we will first restore the textual mentions of Lucretia and analyze what Machiavelli says about her. Secondly, we will briefly focus on the Roman legend of Lucretia, as it appears in Tito Livio’s account (...) in order to illuminate the uniqueness of the Machiavellian Lucretia. Finally, we will outline the conclusions. (shrink)

The sociocultural landscape of contemporaneity can be represented as a porous inhomogeneous space consisting of border zones. These zones, understood by P. Galison as “local coordination of beliefs and actions,” can be deployed due to already existing conditions, for example, a project may arise at a university. However, such zones do not create sustainable social configurations and infrastructures associated with new areas of knowledge. In this article, we expand the concept of trading zones and call them zones requiring local ontologies (...) that arise on the border between different knowledge and imagination systems and, in turn, require their own infrastructure. This approach supports the view on humanities not as “pre-packaged” knowledge, but as special “technique” forming local ontologies. For a humanities-as-technique to emerge, it is necessary that two or more systems of knowledge coincide in time and form an intermediate zone, on the basis of which some local ontology can unfold. Thus, for example, when combining contemporary philosophy and contemporary mathematics, new images of knowledge emerge. Humanities-as-technique are considered as the basis for the establishment of trading zones, which are understood as local ontologies. We also propose a system of concepts that can be used to describe and construct these trading zones on the territory of the humanities in a techno-oriented cultural environment. (shrink)

Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 5, Page 486-493, June 2022.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes a polemic of Italian Humanism around Dante Alighieri (1265-1321). In that period, intellectuals such as Cristoforo Landino (1424-1498) and Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) interpreted Dante’s writing through the platonic prism of the Phaedrus, that is, as someone who was granted the grace to contemplate the divine and the power to describe it. Decades earlier, however, Coluccio Salutati (1331-1406) and Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444) had already attributed to Dante the merit of focusing on formal studies and, with that, being (...) able to develop expressive artifices to his poetry on its own. For the analysis of the different readings, excerpts in which Dante gives evidence of his path and intellectual maturity will be observed, as well as those in which it is possible to observe the poet’s role in the dissemination of formal knowledge in line with his ethical values. (shrink)

Background: The research on nursing professionals in Clinical Ethics Committees and Nursing Ethics Commissions occurs in different parts of the world; however, little information on this subject is found in the literature. Objective: This study analyzed national and international publications in relation to the participation of nursing professionals in Clinical Ethics Committees. Research design: This was an integrative review of articles published in national and international journals between 1994 and 2016 which described the participation of nursing professionals in ethics commissions. (...) Participants and research context: A total of 35 articles were selected. Discussion and conclusion for this article: The thematic categories were the need for time to discuss ethical issues; ethics committee to reduce the moral suffering of professionals; competencies required for participation; and barriers/difficulties and facilitators for implementation/ performance. It was concluded that professionals recognize the need for ethics committees to foster discussions. However, barriers hamper operation and fundamental competencies for participation. Communication of committee activities to professionals and educational activities may be major allies to improve the functioning of these committees. (shrink)

A permanência da tradição gestual da encadernação, expressa na presença das imagens utilizadas em textos ao longo de séculos, mostram indícios de uma tradição que perdura, mesmo com a adaptação do ensino de um ofício para a formação de trabalhadores para a indústria. Nossa hipótese é que a tradição gestual da encadernação permanece representada em imagens impressas nos manuais utilizados para ensino ainda no século XX, mas seu significado enquanto arte se modifica, ao se configurar como ofício. O objetivo deste (...) estudo é analisar as relações entre o gestual registrado nas imagens e textos da encadernação, percorrendo os caminhos da tradição do ofício nas técnicas utilizadas para a reprodução das imagens, adaptações de texto e na relação texto e imagem, apresentados nas descrições que expressam a tradição do gesto e da oralidade. Para isso analisamos o Manual do Aprendiz Encadernador, de autoria do irmão salesiano Jorge Menegazzi, publicado em 1944, o contexto de sua publicação e a presença salesiana no Brasil. Procuramos analisar também, aspectos do processo que levou a encadernação, uma arte que encerra um saber-fazer, a se tornar um ofício que viria a se ligar à indústria do livro no Brasil. Para isso, considerou-se o lugar da encadernação na classificação de conhecimentos desde o século XVIII, estudando diferentes textos referentes ao seu ensino publicados na França e na Itália, procurando traçar algumas linhas que conduziram a permanência da tradição gestual observadas no Brasil. (shrink)

O artigo pretende discutir alguns elementos da filosofia de Nietzsche no que diz respeito à sua compreensão de valor e de moral. Nele, destaca-se a crítica como elemento criador de valores, bem como se abre espaço para a reflexão sobre o procedimento genealógico como suporte metodológico da emergência e procedência dos valores morais. Percebe-se que a filosofia nietzschiana vê os valores com dúvida, entendendo que eles estão envolvidos por um perspectivismo linguístico, assim como por aspectos culturais e seus interesses. Os (...) valores não são dados. Ao contrário: são construídos, imersos por um poder-saber em que os homens os criam por necessidades e avaliações. Contudo, os valores também podem ser reexaminados e reconstruídos a partir de novas tábuas valorativas. (shrink)

RESENHA: DOMEZI, Maria Cecilia. Deus em guerra e pacto na América Latina colonial. São Paulo: Idéias & Letras, 2015. A autora revisita a Conquista Espiritual sob a ótica da luta dos deuses no continente Latino Americana.

Resumen: En el presente ensayo nos apoyaremos en algunos escritos fundamentales de Talcott Parsons, especialmente en lo referente a su disputa epistemológica contra el empirismo, para luego mostrar sus propias inconsistencias e ir más allá de él en la propuesta de una forma novedosa de trabajo teórico para las ciencias sociales: la teorización sistemática dinámico-estructuralista, como distinta a la teoría sistémica funcional-estructural. La idea principal es trascender las posturas representacionalistas y antiteoricistas en pos de miradas teóricas abiertas a la crítica (...) y la autocrítica. Así, frente a una mirada que confunde distintas dimensiones del continuo empírico-metafísico sin otorgarles su relativa autonomía analítica, que a nivel teórico-social y de modelos de la sociedad piensa en términos funcionales y sistémicos, que considera que cada uno de sus conceptos refiere de manera cabal a dicho mundo social y que cree que es factible la construcción de teorías acabadas, nuestra mirada busca distinguir dimensiones, complementar tradiciones plurales, y mantenerse siempre abierta a la crítica externa y la autocrítica.: In this essay we will rely on some of the key writings of Talcott Parsons, especially with regards to his epistemological dispute against empiricism, to show his own inconsistencies and go beyond him in proposing a new form of theoretical work for the social sciences: systematic and dynamic-structuralist theorizing, as distinct from functional-structural systemic theory. The main idea is to transcend the representationalist and anti-theoretical positions in favour of a view of theory open to criticism and self-criticism. In this way, and against those outlooks that confuse the different dimensions of the empirical-metaphysical continuum without giving them their relative analytic autonomy, that think in terms of functions and systems when talking about models of society, that consider each concept to be a representation of the social world, and that believe theories can be closed for good, our own outlook seeks to distinguish dimensions, complement plural traditions, and stay open to external critique and self-criticism. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to analyze how Niccolò Machiavelli conceptualizes the people in the Discorsi sopra prima deca di Tito Livio. For this purpose, in first place, we will sequentially restore the mentions on people that are linked to the passions. In second place, we will focus on the treatment of the different passions. Finally, we will illuminate what kind of people are at stake and how the people intervene in the construction of the political bond.

This paper focuses on the years preceding Salvador Allende’s Popular Unity in Chile (1970-1973) and, more precisely, on the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR). Since 1969, this Marxist revolutionary group had actively participated in the class struggle in Chile. However its political and social activism was not oriented towards the working class, but instead towards marginalized social sectors (inhabitants of informal settlements and landless rural workers). The paper thus seeks to elucidate the process which led the MIR to invest social (...) sectors that should have been considered as “unorthodox,” from a Marxist organization’s point of view. More generally, the analysis of a political experience taking place in a country where the working class was not as coherent or as massive as it was in 20th Century Western Europe and the United States aims at “deprovincializing” history and at using the concepts of “class” and “class struggle” in a manner which distances them from their potentially economicist and sociologizing implications. (shrink)

Este artículo se focaliza en el Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR) y la problemática de la violencia política, que fue central en su historia. Abarcaremos el período 1965-1970 y estudiaremos el discurso que tuvo el MIR sobre este punto, construido tanto en los escritos teóricos como en los discursos de sus dirigentes, el lugar y el rol que ocupó la violencia en la práctica política del MIR, y por último la articulación entre prácticas políticas y representaciones. El artículo está estructurado (...) en torno a los siguientes ejes: el contexto político, ideológico e intelectual que provee al MIR argumentos permitiéndole legitimar el recurso a la violencia (ante los militantes y la sociedad); el debate en torno a la violencia en tanto regulador de las tensiones y divisiones internas; y por último, la interacción entre el uso de la fuerza por el MIR y el espacio público (la violencia y su efecto mediático, las respuestas del Estado). (shrink)

Over the past decade or so within this journal, there have been critical debates concerning the role of mindfulness within education, the influence of neoliberalism on education in general and well-being interventions specifically, and the relevance of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger for critiquing modernity including the nature and purpose afforded education. In this article, we propose that these debates are sufficiently interrelated to develop a more unified argument. We will show how a Heideggerian perspective is conceptually rich, in both (...) its heritage, as it draws upon both East-Asian wisdom and western thinking, and its engagement, as it confronts the implications of what Heidegger called a ‘technical-era’, for offering such a unified critique. The focus of this critique is on instrumental forms of mindfulness (mindfulness ‘in’ education), which when framed by neoliberalism has rather narrow goals concerning individual well-being and performance. In contrast, more critical and integral forms of mindfulness (mindfulness ‘as’ education) offer the potential for more holistic and authentic learning. Throughout the article, we discuss how Heideggerian philosophy offers a number of useful concepts (e.g., enframing, Dasein, authenticity, meditative thinking), which are able to both critique the instrumentalisation of approaches like mindfulness by neoliberalism and speak to more holistic education oriented toward more authentic being in the world. (shrink)

Resumen:Este artículo critica las estrategias sin éxito que actualmente utiliza la investigación social cualitativa para dotar de un referente empírico centrado exclusivamente en las locuciones de los informantes. Dicha crítica permite fundamentar y concretar la propuesta de la inclusión sistemática de referentes empíricos ad-hoc en la producción y registro del habla objeto de estudio, contribuyendo de este modo a fomentar una investigación social cualitativa menos hermética, más equitativa y también más sostenible y reutilizable.Palabras clave: discurso social; referente empírico; metodología; análisis (...) cualitativo; texto. (shrink)

Delusions are usually considered as harmful and dysfunctional beliefs, one of the primary symptoms of a psychiatric illness and the mark of madness in popular culture. However, in recent times a much more positive role has been advocated for delusions. More specifically, it has been argued that delusions might be an answer to a problem rather than problems in themselves. By delivering psychological and epistemic benefits, delusions would allow people who face severe biological or psychological difficulties to survive in their (...) environment - although this has obvious epistemic costs, as the delusion is fixed and irresponsive to compelling counterevidence. In other words, it has been argued that delusions are biologically adaptive. The adaptiveness of delusions has been compared by Ryan McKay and Daniel Dennett to a shear pin, a mechanism installed in the drive engine of some machines which is designed to shear whenever the machine is about to break down. By breaking, shear pins prevent the machine from collapsing and allow it to keep functioning, although in an impaired manner. Similarly, when delusions form, they would allow a cognitive or psychological system which is about to collapse to continue its functioning, although in an impaired manner. However, this optimistic picture of delusions risks being undermined by both theoretical and empirical considerations. Using Sarah Fineberg and Philip Corlett’s recent predictive coding account as a paradigmatic model of the biological adaptiveness of delusions, I develop two objections to it: principles of parsimony and simplicity suggest that maladaptive models of delusions have an upper hand over adaptive models; and the available empirical evidence suggests that at least some delusions stand good chances of being psychologically adaptive, but it is unlikely that they also qualify as biologically adaptive. (shrink)

Delusions are symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and dementia. By and large, delusions are characterized by their behavioral manifestations and defined as irrational beliefs that compromise good functioning. In this overview paper, we ask whether delusions can be adaptive notwithstanding their negative features. Can they be a response to a crisis rather than the source of the crisis? Can they be the beginning of a solution rather than the problem? Some of the psychological, psychiatric, and philosophical literature has (...) recently suggested that they can. We consider different types of delusions and different ways in which they can be considered as adaptive: psychologically (e.g., by increasing wellbeing, purpose in life, intrapsychic coherence, or good functioning) and biologically (e.g., by enhancing genetic fitness). Although further research is needed to map the costs and benefits of adopting and maintaining delusional beliefs, a more nuanced picture of the role of delusions in people's lives has started to emerge. (shrink)

The specificity of the bilingual advantage in memory was examined by testing groups of monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual 24-month-olds on tasks tapping cued recall, memory generalization and working memory. For the cued recall and memory generalization conditions, there was a 24-h delay between time of encoding and time of retrieval. In addition to the memory tasks, parent-toddler dyads completed a picture-book reading task, in order to observe emotional responsiveness, and a parental report of productive vocabulary. Results indicated no difference between (...) language groups on cued recall, working memory, emotional responsiveness, or productive vocabulary, but a significant difference was found in the memory generalization condition with only the bilingual group outperforming the baseline control group. These results replicate and extend results from past studies (Brito and Barr, 2012, 2014 ; Brito et al., 2014 ) and suggest a bilingual advantage specific to memory generalization. (shrink)

A atual dinâmica da sociedade, principalmente por meio do desenvolvimento da tecnologia, fez pensar uma mudança no modelo de Estado, ou de outra maneira, uma nova forma de governança. Assim sobrepõe a importância da função regulatória como essencial ao desenvolvimento da sociedade. Neste sentido, fala-se de uma mudança de paradigma do estado positivo ao estado regulador, dentro do surgimento deste Estado regulador, acende-se o debate se algumas matérias seriam exclusivas do agente regulador com modelo de governança regulatória. O presente estudo (...) científico faz-se necessário ao trazer à arena o debate sobre a possibilidade de se falar ou não de reserva de regulação no âmbito das terapias gênicas, já que a matéria que seriam submetidas a essa reserva técnica não seriam taxativamente delimitadas pela Constituição, devendo ser discutida caso a caso, dentro deste novo ramo do direito chamado direito da regulação. Para consecução e atingimento do objetivo desejado, a metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a de revisão da bibliografia sobre a matéria, bem como da legislação correlata. (shrink)