Background: Individualized care is closely related to the fulfillment of nurses’ ethical responsibilities regarding the provision of healthcare as well as having a strong foundation in the philosophy of nursing. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association of job satisfaction and burnout with individualized care perceptions in nurses working at a university hospital located in the Central Black Sea region of northern Turkey. Research design: A cross-sectional correlational survey design. Participants and research context: The study was conducted between 15 (...) February 2017 and 15 August 2017 with 419 nurses working at a public university hospital located in Samsun. Data were collected using an information form, the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse Version, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman Correlation were used. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ondokuz Mayıs University Clinical Studies Board of Ethics. Oral informed consent was taken from the participants. Findings: There was a significant positive relationship between the total Individualized Care Scale-A Nurse Version score and the General Satisfaction subscale score of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale (r = 0.121, p < 0.05). The total Individualized Care Scale-A Nurse Version score increased as the General Satisfaction subscale score of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale increased. There was a significant negative relationship between the total Individualized Care Scale-B Nurse Version score and the Desensitization (r = –0.143, p < 0.01) and Personal Achievement subscale scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (r = –0.182, p < 0.01). The Desensitization and Personal Achievement subscale scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory increased as the total Individualized Care Scale-B Nurse Version score decreased. Discussion: Factors associated with the individualized care perceptions of nurses, such as job satisfaction and burnout levels and factors related to personal life and worklife should be taken into consideration. Also in order to increase job satisfaction and motivation in nurses, personal preferences regarding the service they want to work at should be taken into account. Conclusion: Nurses with lower burnout and higher job satisfaction were found to have higher individualized care perceptions and to support the individuality of patients in care applications. It is important to consider work-related factors associated with individualized care perceptions, job satisfaction, and burnout in nurses. (shrink)

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin tevbe kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algıları metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi ve Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli fakültelerinde öğrenim gören toplam 196 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler Google Form aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak çalışmada kişisel bilgi formu ve “Tevbe....(metafor)…benzer, çünkü....(metafor sebebi)” cümlelerinin kullanıldığı yarı yapılandırılmış bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi ve yorumlanmasında içerik analizi tekniğinden (...) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda 196 üniversite öğrencisi tarafından 70 farklı metafor üretildiği bulgulanmıştır. Araştırmada tevbe kavramına ilişkin üretilen metaforlarla ilgili tevbenin dinî işlevi ve tevbenin psikolojik işlevi olmak üzere 2 tema oluşturulmuştur. Tevbenin dinî işlevi temasına (%60,2) ait 3 kod oluşturulmuştur: Manevî arınma yolu, kutsalla buluşma ve iyi davranışlarda kararlılık. Tevbenin psikolojik işlevi temasına (%39,8) ait olarak da 3 kod oluşturulmuştur. Bu kodlar; psikolojik rahatlama, yeni bir başlangıç ve kendisiyle yüzleşmedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre metaforların manevî arınma yolu, kendisiyle yüzleşme ve yeni bir başlangıç kodlarında yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. (shrink)

Bu makalede, öncelikle, “Darvinci evrim” ile başlayan, “modern sentez” (genetik) ile zirvesine ulaşan, son otuz yıldır “genişletilmiş evrimsel sentez” (epigenetik) ile yenilenen modern biyolojinin yolculuğunun şey metafiziğinden ziyade süreç metafiziğinin kabullerini gerektirdiği ve metafizikteki bu değişimin epistemolojik kabulleri de etkilediği iddia edilecektir. İkinci olarak, genişletilmiş evrimsel sentezin gen anlayışına göre süreç metafiziğine dayalı bağıntısal bilgi kavramının daha yüksek bir çözüm değeri taşıyabileceği ortaya konacaktır. Son olarak, epistemolojideki bu değişimin pratik yansıma alanlarından biri olarak da öngörücü genetik analizlerin vermesi beklenen tavsiyenin (...) epistemik geçerliliği sorgulanacaktır. (shrink)

Çeşitli disiplinlerde farklı açılardan ele alınan haset ve gıpta duygusu, yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak, bireyin hayatını yapıcı veya yıkıcı yönde etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Haset, çeşitli gerilim alanlarına ve çatışmalara yol açarken gıpta, güçlü ve derin motivasyonlara imkân tanımaktadır. Bu açıdan haset ve gıpta, dönüşüm ya da çözülme dinamiğinin bir parçası olarak işlev görmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dindarlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile haset ve gıpta arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını ve eğer varsa bu ilişkinin yönünü tespit etmektir. Bu doğrultuda 18-65 (...) yaş aralığında Bursa’da ikâmet eden 179’u erkek, 335’i kadın olmak üzere toplam 514 katılımcıdan oluşan çalışma grubuna Haset ve Gıpta Ölçeği,Dindarlık Ölçeği ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Google Form aracılığı ile toplanan veriler SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, dindarlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile haset arasında negatif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte dindarlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile gıpta arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. (shrink)

Aristoteles’in pratik akıl yürütme/bilgelik (phronesis) üzerine olan açıklamaları eylem (praksis) ile ilgili açıklamasıyla yakından bağlantılıdır. Pratik akıl yürütme söz konusu olduğunda onun Aristoteles tarafından düşünme ve karakter erdemleri olarak ikiye ayrılan erdemlerle ilişkisi son derece önemlidir. Bu ilişkiyi daha açık kılmak adına öncelikle pratik düşünmenin teorik düşünmeyle dolayısıyla düşünme erdemleriyle olan bağı sorgulanmıştır. Örneğin pratik akıl yürütmedeki akılsal çıkarımın, teorik çıkarım gibi mi iş gördüğü, yoksa farklı bir şekilde mi ilerlediği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında pratik düşünmenin temel ve yan öncülleri (...) üzerinden istek, arzu ve sezgisel akıl ile olan ilişkisi ve bu ilişkin kişinin eylemiyle olan bağı sorgulanmıştır. Biz de bu tartışmamızda, Aristoteles’te pratik akıl yürütmenin nasıl gerçekleştiğini, sözünü edeceğimiz yorumlar içerisinde yani pratik ve teorik düşünmenin ilerleyiş şekli, ele aldıkları öncüller ve sonuçları, amaçları bağlamında anlamaya çalışacağız. (shrink)

The 21st century, in which science and technology developed with great acceleration, made the physical and social distances between people more permeable with the effect of globalization inherited from the previous century. In such an age where everybody is aware of everything, not only positive developments but also all kinds of information, beliefs and actions that may be considered negative for humanity can instantly spread and become widespread all over the world. For example, the adoption of attitudes and behaviors that (...) do not correspond to human values such as consumption, selfishness, narcissism, vanity, arrogance, humiliation, mockery, especially among young people, is worrisome. It is a fact that the generation Z, who was born in the lap of technology, is vulnerable to technology and more susceptible to its damages. In today's world, which is also defined as the age of technology and information, young people can be exposed to all kinds of written and visual information pollution via the internet. Moreover, this situation paves the way for negative attitudes and behaviors such as waste of time and energy, consumption habits, addiction, estrangement from values, alienation, problem of belonging, dissatisfaction among young people. For this reason, this age is polluting the young people not only mentally but also spiritually. Not only the individual themself but also societies have to pay the bill for the inability to satisfy the material and spiritual dimension of the human in a healthy and appropriate manner. For this reason, the education of the new generation is a duty on the family, educators, non-governmental organizations and society as a whole. One of the first and most important steps to be taken in order to protect young people from all these adverse developments and to ensure their participation in the society as a healthy individual is undoubtedly their upbringing with moral values. Because values are the preconditions for a young person to exist as an adult with personality, morality, responsibility, sensitivity to the other and their environment, and who has discovered their own meaning and importance in the world. Therefore, knowing the spiritual-humanistic values of young people, who are the guarantors of the future, will give adults an idea about predicting today and the future and taking necessary measures. The aim of this study is; to determine the spiritual-humanistic value tendencies of high school students. The research was conducted on a total of 450 students studying at different types of high schools in the province of Sinop in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research data was collected through questionnaires and scales from quantitative research methods were analyzed according to age, gender, class, economic status, perception of success, family structure, family attitude perception, duration of social media use and social media usage purpose variables. According to the results of the research, the students got the highest average score (4.28) from moral values and the lowest average score (3.19) from respect value. There is a positive correlation between all dimensions of the spiritual-humanistic values disposition scale. Mann Witney U-Test and Kruskal Wallis H-Test, which are non-parametric tests, were used in the analysis of the scale that did not show normal distribution. According to the test results, there was no relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale; moral values, love, respect and sensitivity mean scale score and gender, age, perception of success, family attitude perception, duration of social media use and social media use purpose variables, because p> 0.05. However, there was a significant correlation between the point average of moral tendency of the sample group and school type, mother education and father education; between the average score of love value and the school type variable; respect value average score and class, school type, perceived economic situation and mother education; between the mean score of sensitivity value and the variable of family structure (p <0.05). (shrink)

Estimating the effect of a randomized treatment and the effect that is transmitted through a mediator is often complicated by treatment noncompliance. In literature, an instrumental variable (IV)-based method has been developed to study causal mediation effects in the presence of treatment noncompliance. Existing studies based on the IV-based method focus on identifying the mediated portion of the intention-to-treat effect, which relies on several identification assumptions. However, little attention has been given to assessing the sensitivity of the identification assumptions or (...) mitigating the impact of violating these assumptions. This study proposes a two-stage joint modeling method for conducting causal mediation analysis in the presence of treatment noncompliance, in which modeling assumptions can be employed to decrease the sensitivity to violation of some identification assumptions. The use of a joint modeling method is also conducive to conducting sensitivity analyses to the violation of identification assumptions. We demonstrate our approach using the Jobs II data, in which the effect of job training on job seekers’ mental health is examined. (shrink)

Din-bilim ilişkisi tarihsel süreçte olduğu gibi günümüzde de tartışılmaya devam etmektedir. Hristiyan Avrupa’sında ortaya çıkan tartışmaların İslam dünyasını da etkilediği bir vakıadır. İslam kelamcıları, İslam dini ile bilim arasında bir çatışmanın olmadığı genel kabulüyle hareket ederler. Özellikle bu noktada kelamın vesâil alanı, metafiziğin desteklendiği alan olarak kabul görmektedir. Modern dönemde vesâil alanında önemli bilimsel çalışmaların olduğu görülmektedir bunlardan biri de Nöroteolojidir. Nöroteoloji, davranışı nöral (sinirsel) temelde inceleyip açıklamaya çalışan bilim dalıdır. Bu noktada özellikle dindarlığın nörolojik temelleri ve evrimsel işlevi hakkında (...) önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kelamın en önemli tartışma konularından biri olan kesb nazariyesi, Nöroteolojik açıdan Benjamin libet deneyiyle değerlendirilmektedir. Deney sonuçları yayınlandığında o güne kadar felsefe ve bilim dünyasında tartışılagelen insanın irade özgürlüğü meselesine yeni bir tartışma zemini hazırlamıştır. Özellikle Eş’ârî’nin kesb anlayışının da ciddi tartışmalara sebebiyet verdiği bilinmektedir. Allah’ın mutlaklığı açısından ele alınan bu düşünce, insan özgürlüğü ve sorumluluğunu ortadan kaldırır düşüncesiyle eleştirilmiştir. Ancak Benjamin libet deneyinin, Eş’ârî’nin kesb anlayışına uygun veriler içermesi dikkat çeken bir husus olarak göze çarpmaktadır. (shrink)

The swift advancement of intensive care medicine, coupled with technological possibilities, has prompted numerous ethical inquiries regarding decision-making processes concerning the withholding or withdrawal of treatment due to medical futility. This study seeks to delineate the decision-making approaches employed by intensive care physicians in Türkiye when faced with medical futility at the end of life, along with an ethical evaluation of these practices. Grounded theory, a qualitative analysis method was employed, conducting semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eleven intensive care physicians in (...) Türkiye. The subsequent text analysis was carried out using MAXQDA software. Participants assert that the decisions made by Turkish physicians determine whether treatment is futile, rely on medical consensus, and lack a standardized decision-making process. The decisions are influenced by legal and social pressures, resource constraints, and occasional conflicts of interest. The significance of professional hierarchy is notable, with limited consideration given to the opinions of nurses and other staff. The unstructured medical consensus processes are shaped by normative concepts such as benefit, age, justice, and conscience. Furthermore, it was observed that the conscientious opinions of physicians carry more weight than adherence to ethical principles and guidelines. To create optimal conditions for doctors to make ethically justifiable decisions, the dynamics within the treatment team should be improved, emphasizing the minimization of hierarchy, and ensuring the active participation of all team members in the decision-making process. Additionally, efforts should be directed toward narrowing the gap between the conscience of the individual doctor and established ethical principles. A potential solution lies in the nationwide implementation of clinical ethics committees and the establishing of clinical ethics guidelines, aiming to address, and overcome the identified challenges. (shrink)

In the period that began with the death of the Prophet Hz Muhammad, the martyrdom of Hz. Othmān and the Battles of Camel and Siffin which took place during the caliphate of Hz. Ali, caused Muslims to have confronted each other. The debates that started after these incidents had been carried out within the frame of killing a Muslim in particular and the issue of predestionation in general. The personal opinions that emerged in the first period became the doctrines of (...) the parties/sects over time. These parties/sects have criticized each other on this subject as well as all other subjects and they have written refutations to one another. This deep-rooted and complicated issue has been handled in the Ottoman period in both Arabic and Turkish works as either a chapter or a separate risālah (epistles). Khalil Shukru’s risālah on qaḍā and qadar is one of those risālahs that we have discussed in this article. In his separately written risālah, he tried to refuse the opinions of some parties regarding qaḍā, and qadar by explaining his own opinions with examples. This study is based on Khalil Shukru Afandī's risālah qaḍā and qadar. A brief information about the author's life and scientific personality was given based on archive documents and then the epistle was analyzed. The author has handled the subject in a unique way, interpreting the situations ordained by Allah and human acts as a separate qadar. Khalil Shukru Afandī examines human acts in two different groups as acquisition (kasb) and creation (khalq), qaḍā and makzī, and analyzes the actions in terms of agency. Khalil Shukru Afandī did not use any subtitles in his risālah. However, in the analysis of the treatise, sub-headings have been included in the relevant places in order to make the subject easier to understand by us. The epistle tackles the issues qaḍā and qadar, God’s action and human acts, responses to the Jabriyya and Muètazilite. The author offers his views on the issues of hidāyat (guidance) and misguidance, justice, and cruelty, which is discussed under the heading of qadar and makes interesting points about human accountability for their actions. Khalil Shukru Afandī argues that human will (irādah) and accountability are separate things, which are independent of one another. In other words, according to Khalil Shukru Afandī, who stated that there will be no belief or disbelief because it is an offer, the offer has no binding on human will (irādah) or choices at this point. Accordingly, it can be said that Khalil Shukru Afandī was in close agreement with the views of Abū Mansur Māturīdī regarding human will (irādah). (shrink)

A cognitive architecture aimed at cumulative learning must provide the necessary information and control structures to allow agents to learn incrementally and autonomously from their experience. This involves managing an agent's goals as well as continuously relating sensory information to these in its perception-cognition information processing stack. The more varied the environment of a learning agent is, the more general and flexible must be these mechanisms to handle a wider variety of relevant patterns, tasks, and goal structures. While many researchers (...) agree that information at different levels of abstraction likely differs in its makeup and structure and processing mechanisms, agreement on the particulars of such differences is not generally shared in the research community. A dual processing architecture has been proposed as a model of cognitive processing, and they are often considered as responsible for low- and high-level information, respectively. We posit that cognition is not binary in this way and that knowledge at any level of abstraction involves what we refer to as neurosymbolic information, meaning that data at both high and low levels must contain both symbolic and subsymbolic information. Further, we argue that the main differentiating factor between the processing of high and low levels of data abstraction can be largely attributed to the nature of the involved attention mechanisms. We describe the key arguments behind this view and review relevant evidence from the literature. (shrink)

The heightened focus on patient safety and the quality of nursing care in intensive care units underscores the necessity for reliable tools to evaluate nurses’ ethical awareness. This study was aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Ethical Awareness Scale in a sample of intensive care nurses. Data were collected from 249 intensive care nurses in Türkiye using the Turkish version of the 18-item Ethical Awareness Scale. The data were then analyzed using Rasch analysis. The (...) Turkish version of the Ethical Awareness Scale demonstrated unidimensionality and an acceptable fit for the Rasch model. The person reliability and item reliability were 0.63 and 0.92, respectively. The Turkish version of the Ethical Awareness Scale was found to be a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument for measuring the ethical awareness levels of intensive care nurses. (shrink)

Günümüzün en çarpıcı sosyo-patolojik hadiselerinden biri olan göçmen problemi, daha ziyade politik konular bağlamında gündeme gelmektedir. Söz konusu tartışmalar, yerel ve politik çıkarlar çerçevesinde sürerken politik hesapların ardına gizlenen şey, göçmenin trajik konumudur. Politik tartışmalarla gündeme gelen göçmen, sosyal ilişkiler noktasında son derece olumsuz bir imaja bürünür. “Biz” aynılığının bir pürüzü olarak “Öteki” veya yerel kültürle uyumsuz bir öğenin ifadesi olan göçmen, “Ben”in alanından ötekiliğe itilirken sosyal düzlemde kamusallığı dönüştürmeye zorlayan bir tehdit unsuru olarak değerlendirilir. Politikanın çıkara dayalı belirleyici gücü (...) her ne kadar probleme dair yeteri beşerî sağduyunun oluşumuna olumsuz etkileri olsa da felsefi literatürde Immanuel Kant, Hannah Arendt, Emmanuel Lévinas temelinde yoğun bir tartışma söz konusudur. Söz konusu düşünürlerin ortaya koyduğu düşünceleri göçmenlikle ilişkilendirme bağlamında ortaya konulan çalışmalardan farklı olarak çalışmamız; konuya dair temel düşünürler, görüşler ve ilgili görüşlerin temel dinamiklerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemiş, ilgili literatürün ana hatlarıyla ortaya konulmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Göçmenlik ve “Öteki”lik vurgusuna dair temel literatürün dinamiklerinden biri olarak öne çıkan Levinas, kendi zamanının politik krizlerinin nedeni olarak etik ilişkileri öncelemeyen Batı düşüncesine işaret etmiştir. Levinas’cı düşüncede Aynının “Başkası” karşısında yaşayacağı muhtemel politik, etik ve hukuki gerilim, ontolojiyi önceleyen düşünce geleneğinden farklı değerlendirmelere yol açar. Başkayı aynılığın alternatif bir alanı olduğu Levinas düşüncesinde Başkalığın aşkınlık boyutu ise “Öteki”ler karşısında konumunu aynılıktan ziyade “Öteki”deki başkalığın keşfiyle veya gerilimiyle Ben’i narsizimden çıkarma fonksiyonuna sahiptir. Aşkın Başkalığın şahsında teşekkül ettiği “Öteki”, “Ben”de koşulsuz konukseverlik eylemine yol açacağı kanaati söz konusudur. Levinas’ın gündem edindiği sorunların Arendt’in de tartıştığı görülür. Levinas’ta ifadesini bulduğu üzere etik bir ilişkiden ziyade politik bir ontolojik kavrayışla tezahür eden “Ötekilik” bağlamına Arendt’in eleştirileri söz konusudur. Böylelikle politik alanda Öteki’ye yer vermeyen hukuki yapının sorgulanması mümkün hale getirilirken politik söylem için “Öteki”nin önemi de açığa çıkmış olur. Bu noktada Kant’ta rastladığımız yabancı hakkı bağlamında koşullu konukseverlikle gündeme gelir. Ancak Levinas’ın koşulsuz konukseverliğinin pratik sorunlar barındırdığını ifade edecek olan Derrida, Kant’ın koşullu konukseverliğini de sorunlu bulmuştur. Öteki’ye karşı konuksevmezlik, günümüzde dijital ağlarda daha da zorlaşır. Konukseverlik düşüncesi bağlamında etik-politik bir düşünce zeminine kavuşması umulan zamanımızın Öteki’si olarak göçmen, mevcut literatürde geliştirilen konukseverlik düşüncesini yeniden tartışmayı sağlarken göçmenin felsefi kavrayışı hususunda düşünceler üretmeye ve bir göçmenlik felsefesi oluşturmanın önemine çağrı olmayı amaçlar. (shrink)

In this article, the introduction to the book of Kitāb al-Mulakhkhas al-Muwatta' by Qābisī (d. 403/1012), one of the hadith scholars of Maghrib geography, is discussed. The author wrote this work in order to bring together the continual documents in the Ibn al-Qāsim narra-tion of Mālik b. Anas' (d. 179/795) al-Muwatta. In the introduction, the author first stated the purpose of the writing of Kitāb al-Mulakhkhas al-Muwatta''s and the method followed in the work. Namely, he states that he compiled this (...) work to respond to the demands of those who asked him to bring together the hadiths of Mālik b. Anas, whose chain is complete. In the compilation of the work, he was content with the only narration of Muwatta. He followed the method of collecting the musnad hadiths in this narration, the ones with clear continuous. However, he preferred not to include the narrations that were closed in his continuous in his work. After this information, the author has included some issues of hadith methodology in the introduction part. The main purpose of the study is to determine the concepts and subjects of the hadith methodology that he discussed in this section. In this context, firstly, information about Qābisī's life was given, and his education was mentioned. Then, some information about the features of the work in question is presented. Afterwards, the concepts of hadith methodology that he mentioned in the introduction of his work and his explanations on these issues were examined under separate headings. Although he is encouraged to narrate hadiths in this introduction, he provides information about the refraining of many hadith transmissions, the conditions of endurance of hadith, the words of the narration considered as 'muttasil and munqati', the narration with the meaning of the hadiths and the lahn in the hadith. When the approaches of Qābisī on these issues are examined, it is revealed that he tends towards the views of the Mālikī school, which he is a follower of and Imam Mālik. For this reason, the parts in which he adopted Mālik’s approaches and tended to explain the issues by referring to him are mentioned. (shrink)

The principles offered by beliefs affect the thinking styles of individuals. Although it has been argued in recent studies that believers and non-believers have different thinking styles, there are few studies examining the relationship between belief and cognitive styles in Muslim groups. In this study, the relationships between intrinsic religious motivation and "critical thinking", which is one of the most desired thinking skills today, and " dichotomous thinking", which can be expressed as black-and-white thinking and primarily associated with negative structures, (...) were examined. The study was carried out with 395 university students, and the data was obtained by a socio-demographic information form, the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale, the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, and the Dichotomous Thinking Scale. Findings suggested a positive significant relationship between intrinsic religious motivation and critical thinking and dichotomous thinking, and a positive significant relationship between critical thinking and dichotomous thinking. Regarding the relationship between dichotomous thinking and critical thinking, intrinsic religious motivation had a mediating role. The Islamic faith often invites reasoning and thinking and affirms this way of thinking; at the same time, it offers various conceptual tools for dichotomous thinking with discourses such as heaven-hell, good-evil, dark-light, and faith-denial. Although critical thinking and dichotomous thinking are seen as opposite constructs, the findings have been interpreted as the Islamic belief supporting both critical thinking and dichotomous thinking at the same time, thus reducing the rigidity of dichotomous thinking. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature, and suggestions were made for further research. (shrink)

Background: Promoting patients’ rights is essential for defining the standards of clinical services within a country. Given their responsibilities, nurses can be the primary target for research to investigate the issue of patients’ rights within a healthcare system. As such, assessing the knowledge of nurses about patients’ rights is an essential step toward improving the quality of healthcare in limited resource settings like Sudan. Objectives: We aimed to assess the level of knowledge about patients’ rights among the nursing staff at (...) Friendship Teaching Hospital in Sudan. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the Friendship Teaching Hospital in Sudan. We surveyed the totality of nurses (95) at the hospital using an amended survey. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical consideration: The study was approved by the Research Unit of Khartoum Ministry of Health and the Hospital administration. All respondents gave verbal consent prior to participating in the study. Results: Only 48.4% of the participants knew about the existence of the Sudanese Charter of patients’ rights. Nonetheless, our analysis found that 65.8% of nurses had acceptable level of knowledge (scored more than 75% of the total knowledge score) of patients’ rights, and none of the participant scored less than 50% of the total knowledge score. Finally, we found no statistical association between the knowledge score and demographic data, educational level, whether the participant knows about the existence of the Charter or not and a number of other factors. Conclusion: Nurses’ lack of knowledge about the existence of the Sudanese Charter of patients’ rights adopted in 2009 rights confirms the need for further efforts by Ministry of Health to promote the document. Furthermore, further research is needed to investigate the disconnect between nurses’ lack of knowledge about the existence of the charter and their awareness of the rights within the charter as well as the actual implementation of rights. (shrink)

This systematic review aims to develop a conceptual framework to identify nursing‐sensitive indicators for preventing and managing pressure ulcers. The first step involves defining evidence‐based indicators critical to effective prevention and management. The second step examines the relationships influencing the management of these indicators, using insights derived from scientific research findings. This review is guided by a conceptual framework rooted in Structural State Theory and uses a methodological approach. A total of 956 articles were identified through a search of original (...) references from Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, covering the period from 2012 to 2023. A systematic review of 29 studies identified 241 relationships between dependent and independent variables. A theoretical conceptual framework highlighted nursing‐sensitive indicators (independent variables) related to patients, nurses, pressure injury/ulcer management, organizational structure, and their association with pressure injury/ulcer outcomes (dependent variables). The analysis showed that patient‐focused studies had the highest frequency of relationships. This review highlights the complexity of managing pressure injuries/ulcers and the essential role of nursing care practices and interventions in shaping outcomes. The findings highlight the need for specialized wound care nurses and further research on nursing interventions, urging hospitals to invest in structural changes and nurse education. (shrink)

Ubûdî, who is known to had lived in Egypt at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, is one of the Gulsheni dervish poets. What is known about the life of this secluded poet, whose name is not mentioned in the tazkiras and biographical sources, is due to his work called Menâkıb-ı Ev-liyâ-yı Mısr (Legends of Egyptian Saints). He has another 359 couplet mathnawi on the virtue of knowledge and action, and the ugliness of (...) ignorance and laziness. This masnavi, which will be introduced by presen-ting its text here, has been brought into being with quotations and translations from verses and hadiths. In the masnavi, which has the integrity of the subject, it is mentioned about the virtues of studying science and acting by avoiding ignorance and laziness as a religious obligation. In this article, after briefly menti-oning the life, works and poems of Ubûdî-i Gülşenî, his mathnawi about wisdom and the virtue of action is introduced and evaluations are made about its language, form and content features. In this mathnawi, which was written in a religious-didactic style, the wisdom and virtues of learning are mentioned and advice is given from time to time. In the last part of the article, the text of Ubûdî's masnavi on the virtue of knowledge and action and the ugliness of ignorance and laziness is given, and the translations and sour-ces of the quotations made from the verses and hadiths in the text are presented and the poet's references and references are revealed. (shrink)

Madani surahs generally describe the process in which various rules related to the regulation of the moral dimension of religion are determined. Some of the divine declarations made in this framework consist of rules and principles in the nature of command and prohibition. These statements, which have a normative character, also contain some evaluations about the attitudes of the interlocutors in relation to the events that took place in the period of descent. The warnings against the words and actions of (...) believers, which cannot coincide with faith, are among the most striking subjects of the Madani surahs. It is striking that these warnings, which sometimes increase in severity, generally focus on the economic concerns, demands and expectations of the believers. The increase in the welfare level with the Hijra, the inability of the new converts to fully comprehend the teachings of the religion, and the negative effect of the Jahiliyya tradition are among the main reasons for warnings against believers. On the other hand, these warnings and criticisms, which point to the weakness of speech and action, aim to prompt the believers to question their attitudes and stances by determining the ideal style of behavior compatible with faith, rather than merely condemning. In this respect, the article aims to examine the relationship of believers with worldly possibilities and material blessings in the axis of this differing dimension of Madani surahs. (shrink)

With financial liberalization processes which started during the 1980’s, Turkey and the other emerging market economies have experienced many financial volatilities. From past to present, the most severe of these for Turkey is certainly the banking and currency crisis experienced in the period of 2000-2001. In tis study, the Turkish 2000-2001 Crisis, which takes special attention in academic literature in terms of their results and the economic damages, are analyzed under the asymmetric information theory; the factors which are thought to (...) trigger in crises such as financial liberalization, negative macro-economic indicators, deposit insurance, moral hazard problem and deterioration in the banking sector balance-sheets are evaluated and the consistency of this severe crisis with the theory is investigated. (shrink)

To understand how compliance develops both in everyday and corporate environments, it is crucial to understand how different mechanisms work together to shape individuals’ (non)compliant behavior. Existing compliance studies typically focus on a subset of theories (i.e., rational choice theories, social theories, legitimacy theories, capacity theories, and opportunity theories) to understand how key variables from one or several of these theories shape individual compliance. The present study provides a first integrated understanding of compliance, rooted in complexity science, in which key (...) elements from these theories are considered simultaneously, and their relations to compliance and each other are explored using network analysis. This approach is developed by analyzing online survey data (_N_ = 562) about compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures. Traditional regression analysis shows that elements from nearly all major compliance theories (except for social theories) are associated with compliance. The network analysis revealed groupings and interconnections of variables that did not track the existing compliance theories and point to a complexity overlooked in existing compliance research. These findings demonstrate a fundamentally different perspective on compliance, which moves away from traditional narrow, non-network approaches. Instead, they showcase a complexity science understanding of compliance, in which compliance is understood as a network of interacting variables derived from different theories that interact with compliance. This points to a new research agenda that is oriented on mapping compliance networks, and testing and modelling how regulatory and management interventions interact with each other and compliance within such networks. (shrink)