ABSTRACT: This essay aims at clarifying the content of Jonas’s philosophy of responsibility. First, an analysis is given of the connection between nihilism and modern technology. Jonas’s contribution to the problem of ethics in this context is prepared by an interpretation of the way in which fear and the myth respectively function as motivations for his work. This paves the way to a reconsideration of the content of Jonas’s philosophy, whereby two notions of responsibility should be identified: responsibility as ethicity (...) and responsibility as foundational rule. With this distinction a number of problematic issues associated with his ethics of responsibility can be clarified. RÉSUMÉ: Cet article vise à clarifier le contenu de la philosophie de la responsabilité de Hans Jonas. L’article commence par une analyse du rapport entre le nihilisme et la technique moderne. La contribution de Jonas sur cette question éthique doit être située par une interprétation de la façon dont la peur et le mythe motivent son travail. Ainsi s’ouvre une reconsidération du contenu de la philosophie de Jonas : deux notions de responsabilité peuvent être distinguées : la responsabilité comme éthicité et la responsabilité comme règle fondatrice. Cette distinction permet de clarifier un nombre de dilemmes associés à son éthique de la responsabilité. (shrink)

The authors explicate Aquinas's conception of mathematics. They show that in his work the Aristotelian conception is prevalent, according to which this discipline is—together with physics and metaphysics—a theoretical science, whose subject is the study of real quantity and its necessary properties. But, alongside this dominant and prevalent conception, Aquinas's work contains a number of indications that cast doubt. These sparse and rather marginal reflections lead the authors to conclude that Aquinas's texts contain a "constructivist" conception of mathematics in rudimentary (...) form. According to this approach, mathematics is not a theoretical science examining real quantity but, rather, a special kind of "art" by means of which mathematical objects are "created." From a constructivist point of view the authors then attempt to formulate a conception of mathematics that would accord with the basic Aristotelian assumptions of Aquinas's thought. (shrink)

Second scholasticism, ​analytical metaphysics, and Christian apologetics are the three topics characteristic of the lifelong efforts of the eminent Czech philosopher Stanislav Sousedík, who celebrated his 90th birthday in 2021. To honour this anniversary, a conference named accordingly was organized in Prague. The papers presented at this event — further elaborated by their authors and supplemented with Sousedík’s remarkable “Brief Autobiography” — constitute the gist of this book: a collective homage to Professor Sousedík and an attempt to promote and develop (...) his intellectual legacy. (shrink)

O texto trata de três dificuldades relativas à moral, a saber: como, entre diferentes significações para a palavra “moral”, podemos entender que com ela se queira referir a uma só coisa; como entender que possamos falar de uma moral se sobre ela se podem ter tão diferentes concepções; e, finalmente, em que bases podemos perguntar como devemos ou queremos entender o que é a moral, se ela nos parece algo já dado. As respostas a essas questões estão baseadas na explicação (...) da moral como um sistema de exigências mútuas calcado na simetria de validade das justificações para cada um dos envolvidos. A partir dessa concepção de moral, o autor tenta uma reinterpretação do contratualismo. (shrink)

Die geschichtliche Entwicklung des Philosophieunterrichts am Gymnasium verlief in Deutschland bis in die heutige Zeit sehr different. Auf diesem Hintergrund erfolgt die Darstellung, Analyse und Kommentierung der Lehrplane und Curricula zum Philosophie- und Ethikunterricht in den Bundeslandern und vermittelt Informationen uber den Verlauf und aktuellen Stand der Curriculumstrategien.".

Excerpt from Die Dynamik der Geschichte nach der Geschichtsphilosophie des Positivismus Jede religionsphilosophische und ethische Untersuchung führt unter heutigen Verhältnissen auf den Begriff einer univer salen Entwicklungsgeschichte der Menschheit, der Begriff einer solchen Universalgeschichte auf den eines Maßstabes zur Be urteilung der Entwicklungshöhe und des in ihr enthaltenen Wertes, der Begriff eines solchen Maßstabes aber, der nur aus dem Wesen der Entwicklung selbfl: hergeleitet werden kann, auf den methodisch-abstrakten Begriff der Entwicklung selbst, in dem Sein und Bewegung, Notwendigkeit und Freiheit, (...) ur sächliche Reihe und Zweck, allgemeine Tendenz undindividuum eng miteinander verknüpft sind. Es ist der Begriff einer spezifisch historischen Dynamik mit ihrer beständigen Erzen gung und Verschmelzung der Gegensätze, ihrem immer flüssigen Ineinander aller Einzelheiten und ihrem untrennbaren Durcheinanderspielen von Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zu kunft. Dieser Begriff.erweist sichauch für den empirischen Historiker als einer seiner wichtigsten Zentralbegriffe, für den er freilich zunächst nur seinen "historischen Sinn und seine intuitive Begabung zur Verfügung hat. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

[Nietzsche and philosophical anthropology: the problem of immanent transcendence].