Results for 'Elystan Griffiths'

952 found
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  1.  9
    2.6 Die Berkaer Schriften.David Hill & Elystan Griffiths - 2017 - In Hans-Gerd Winter, Inge Stephan & Julia Freytag, J.M.R.-Lenz-Handbuch. De Gruyter. pp. 257-267.
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  2.  22
    Learning How to Generalize.Joseph L. Austerweil, Sophia Sanborn & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (8):e12777.
    Generalization is a fundamental problem solved by every cognitive system in essentially every domain. Although it is known that how people generalize varies in complex ways depending on the context or domain, it is an open question how people learn the appropriate way to generalize for a new context. To understand this capability, we cast the problem of learning how to generalize as a problem of learning the appropriate hypothesis space for generalization. We propose a normative mathematical framework for learning (...)
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  3.  69
    A balanced intervention ladder: promoting autonomy through public health action.P. E. Griffiths & C. West - 2015 - Public Health 129 (8):1092--1098.
    The widely cited Nuffield Council on Bioethics ‘Intervention Ladder’ structurally embodies the assumption that personal autonomy is maximized by non-intervention. Consequently, the Intervention Ladder encourages an extreme ‘negative liberty’ view of autonomy. Yet there are several alternative accounts of autonomy that are both arguably superior as accounts of autonomy and better suited to the issues facing public health ethics. We propose to replace the one-sided ladder, which has any intervention coming at a cost to autonomy, with a two-sided ‘Balanced Intervention (...)
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  4.  49
    Mechanisms can be complex: Talia Morag: Emotion, Imagination, and the Limits of Reason. Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge, 2016, 288 pp, £88.00 HB. [REVIEW]Paul E. Griffiths - 2017 - Metascience 26 (3):387-391.
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  5. A. J. Ayer: Memorial Essays.A. Phillips Griffiths - 1993 - Philosophy 68 (263):107-108.
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  6. Adaptation and adaptationism.Paul E. Griffiths - 1999 - In Robert Andrew Wilson & Frank C. Keil, MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press. pp. 3-4.
    Encyclopedia entry on the concepts of adaptation and adaptationism.
     
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  7. A. J. Ayer, Memorial Essays.A. Philipps Griffiths - 1993 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 183 (2):463-463.
     
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  8. Понятие брачного договора и его сущность.G. D. H. Cole, Aneurin Bevan & Jim Griffiths - 2005 - European Journal of Political Theory 4 (3):283-300.
  9.  10
    Are Biological Traits Explained by Their ‘Selected Effect’ Functions?Joshua R. Christie, Carl Brusse, Pierrick Bourrat, Peter Takacs & Paul E. Griffiths - 2022 - Australasian Philosophical Review 6 (4):335-359.
    The selected effects or ‘etiological’ theory of Proper function is a naturalistic and realist account of biological teleology. It is used to analyse normativity in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of medicine, and elsewhere. The theory has been developed with a simple and intuitive view of natural selection. Traits are selected because of their positive effects on the fitness of the organisms that have them. These ‘selected effects’ are the Proper functions of the traits. Proponents argue that this (...)
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  10. Classifying Genetic Essentialist Biases using Large Language Models.Ritsaart Reimann, Kate Lynch, Stefan Gawronski, Jack Chan & Paul Edmund Griffiths - manuscript
    The rapid rise of generative AI, including LLMs, has prompted a great deal of concern, both within and beyond academia. One of these concerns is that generative models embed, reproduce, and therein potentially perpetuate all manner of bias. The present study offers an alternative perspective: exploring the potential of LLMs to detect bias in human generated text. Our target is genetic essentialism in obesity discourse in Australian print media. We develop and deploy an LLM-based classification model to evaluate a large (...)
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  11.  35
    Extracting Low‐Dimensional Psychological Representations from Convolutional Neural Networks.Aditi Jha, Joshua C. Peterson & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (1):e13226.
    Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly widely used in psychology and neuroscience to predict how human minds and brains respond to visual images. Typically, CNNs represent these images using thousands of features that are learned through extensive training on image datasets. This raises a question: How many of these features are really needed to model human behavior? Here, we attempt to estimate the number of dimensions in CNN representations that are required to capture human psychological representations in two ways: (1) (...)
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  12. Clinical applications of machine learning algorithms: beyond the black box.David S. Watson, Jenny Krutzinna, Ian N. Bruce, Christopher E. M. Griffiths, Iain B. McInnes, Michael R. Barnes & Luciano Floridi - 2019 - British Medical Journal 364:I886.
    Machine learning algorithms may radically improve our ability to diagnose and treat disease. For moral, legal, and scientific reasons, it is essential that doctors and patients be able to understand and explain the predictions of these models. Scalable, customisable, and ethical solutions can be achieved by working together with relevant stakeholders, including patients, data scientists, and policy makers.
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  13. A. J. Ayer: Memorial Essays.A. Phillips Griffiths (ed.) - 1992 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    A. J. Ayer, who died in 1989, was acknowledged as one of Britain's most distinguished philosophers. In this memorial collection of essays leading Western philosophers reflect on Ayer's place in the history of philosophy and explore aspects of his thought and teaching. The volume also includes a posthumous essay by Ayer himself: 'A defence of empiricism'. These essays are undoubtedly a fitting tribute to a major figure, but the collection is not simply retrospective; rather it looks forward to present and (...)
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  14.  89
    An Apology for Apologetics.Paul J. Griffiths - 1988 - Faith and Philosophy 5 (4):399-420.
  15. Aiming for a Fair Education: What Use is Philosophy?'.M. Griffiths - 1999 - In Roger Marples, The aims of education. New York: Routledge.
     
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  16.  18
    XLII. Rock magnetism in India.J. A. Clegg, E. R. Deutsch & D. H. Griffiths - 1956 - Philosophical Magazine 1 (5):419-431.
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  17. Preschoolers rationally sample hypotheses.S. Denison, E. Bonawitz, A. Gopnik & T. Griffiths - 2010 - In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society.
     
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  18.  30
    Effectiveness of nursing‐led inpatient care for patients with post‐acute health care needs: secondary data analysis from a programme of randomized controlled trials.Ruth Harris, Jenifer Wilson-Barnett & Peter Griffiths - 2007 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 13 (2):198-205.
  19.  15
    Feminist Politics: Identity, Difference, and Agency.Jutta Weber, Marie-Claire Belleau, Sigal Ben-Porath, Cathryn Bailey, Marlene Benjamin, Morwenna Griffiths, Allison Bailey, Birge Krondorfer, Marjorie Miller, Marla Brettschneider & Amy Baehr (eds.) - 2007 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    This anthology of articles provides contemporary international feminist perspectives on issues of identity, agency, and difference as they pertain to both feminist politics in particular, and contemporary western politics more generally.
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  20.  50
    An argument against the conjunction of direct realism and the standard causal picture.Paul H. Griffiths - unknown
    Recent work in defence of direct realism has concentrated on the representationalist and disjunctivist responses to the arguments from illusion and hallucination, whilst relatively little attention has been given to the argument from causation which has been dismissed lightly as irrelevant or confused. However such charges arise from an ambiguity in the thesis which is being defended and the failure to distinguish between metaphysical and epistemological issues and between factual and conceptual claims. The argument from causation, as an argument against (...)
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  21.  67
    Associations between household and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and systolic blood pressure among urban south african adolescents.Paula L. Griffiths, Zoë A. Sheppard, William Johnson, Noël Cameron, John M. Pettifor & Shane A. Norris - 2012 - Journal of Biosocial Science 44 (4):433-458.
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  22.  53
    Astrology in the Papyri.J. Gwyn Griffiths - 1969 - The Classical Review 19 (03):358-.
  23. A Logical Analysis of I.M. Crombie's Position on the Theology and Falsification Debate.Leslie M. Griffiths - 1968 - Dissertation, The University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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  24.  23
    Sustaining attention in affective contexts during adolescence: age-related differences and association with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.D. L. Dunning, J. Parker, K. Griffiths, M. Bennett, A. Archer-Boyd, A. Bevan, S. Ahmed, C. Griffin, L. Foulkes, J. Leung, A. Sakhardande, T. Manly, W. Kuyken, J. M. G. Williams, S. -J. Blakemore & T. Dalgleish - 2024 - Cognition and Emotion 38 (7):1122-1134.
    Sustained attention, a key cognitive skill that improves during childhood and adolescence, tends to be worse in some emotional and behavioural disorders. Sustained attention is typically studied in non-affective task contexts; here, we used a novel task to index performance in affective versus neutral contexts across adolescence (N = 465; ages 11–18). We asked whether: (i) performance would be worse in negative versus neutral task contexts; (ii) performance would improve with age; (iii) affective interference would be greater in younger adolescents; (...)
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  25.  15
    Oxford Guide to Low Intensity Cbt Interventions.James Bennett-Levy, David Richards, Paul Farrand, Helen Christensen, Kathy Griffiths, David Kavanagh, Britt Klein, Mark A. Lau, Judy Proudfoot, Lee Ritterband, Jim White & Chris Williams (eds.) - 2010 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety are increasingly common. Yet there are too few specialists to offer help to everyone, and negative attitudes to psychological problems and their treatment discourage people from seeking it. As a result, many people never receive help for these problems. The Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions marks a turning point in the delivery of psychological treatments for people with depression and anxiety. Until recently, the only form of psychological intervention available for patients (...)
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  26. A tutorial introduction to Bayesian models of cognitive development.Amy Perfors, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Thomas L. Griffiths & Fei Xu - 2011 - Cognition 120 (3):302-321.
  27.  94
    A Bayesian framework for word segmentation: Exploring the effects of context.Sharon Goldwater, Thomas L. Griffiths & Mark Johnson - 2009 - Cognition 112 (1):21-54.
  28. What Emotions Really Are: The Problem of Psychological Categories.Paul E. Griffiths - 1997 - University of Chicago Press.
    Paul E. Griffiths argues that most research on the emotions has been as misguided as Aristotelian efforts to study "superlunary objects" - objects...
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  29.  22
    Identifying resource-rational heuristics for risky choice.Paul M. Krueger, Frederick Callaway, Sayan Gul, Thomas L. Griffiths & Falk Lieder - 2024 - Psychological Review 131 (4):905-951.
  30.  13
    Let's Get to Work: A Response to Our Commentators.Joshua R. Christie, Carl Brusse, Pierrick Bourrat, Peter Takacs & Paul E. Griffiths - 2022 - Australasian Philosophical Review 6 (4):429-439.
    It’s an honour to have so many major contributors to the literature respond to our article and we thank them for their thoughtful responses. There are clear shared themes across these commentaries,...
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  31. Disorders of musical cognition.Lauren Stewart, Katharina von Kriegstein, Simone Dalla Bella, Jason D. Warren & Griffiths & D. Timothy - 2008 - In Susan Hallam, Ian Cross & Michael Thaut, Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology. Oxford University Press.
     
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  32.  18
    Iterated learning reveals stereotypes of facial trustworthiness that propagate in the absence of evidence.Stefan Uddenberg, Bill D. Thompson, Madalina Vlasceanu, Thomas L. Griffiths & Alexander Todorov - 2023 - Cognition 237 (C):105452.
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  33.  37
    Reconciling intuitive physics and Newtonian mechanics for colliding objects.Adam N. Sanborn, Vikash K. Mansinghka & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2013 - Psychological Review 120 (2):411-437.
  34.  30
    Formalizing Neurath’s ship: Approximate algorithms for online causal learning.Neil R. Bramley, Peter Dayan, Thomas L. Griffiths & David A. Lagnado - 2017 - Psychological Review 124 (3):301-338.
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  35.  81
    When children are better (or at least more open-minded) learners than adults: Developmental differences in learning the forms of causal relationships.Christopher G. Lucas, Sophie Bridgers, Thomas L. Griffiths & Alison Gopnik - 2014 - Cognition 131 (2):284-299.
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  36.  48
    Exploring the Folkbiological Conception of Human Nature.Stefan Linquist, Edouard Machery, Paul E. Griffiths & Karola Stotz - 2011 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 366 (1563):444.
    Integrating the study of human diversity into the human evolutionary sciences requires substantial revision of traditional conceptions of a shared human nature. This process may be made more difficult by entrenched, 'folkbiological' modes of thought. Earlier work by the authors suggests that biologically naive subjects hold an implicit theory according to which some traits are expressions of an animal's inner nature while others are imposed by its environment. In this paper, we report further studies that extend and refine our account (...)
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  37. The misuse of Sober's selection for/selection of distinction.R. Goode & P. E. Griffiths - 1995 - Biology and Philosophy 10 (1):99-108.
    Elliott Sober''s selection for/selection of distinction has been widely used to clarify the idea that some properties of organisms are side-effects of selection processes. It has also been used, however, to choose between different descriptions of an evolutionary product when assigning biological functions to that product. We suggest that there is a characteristic error in these uses of the distinction. Complementary descriptions of function are misrepresented as mutually excluding one another. This error arises from a failure to appreciate that selection (...)
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  38.  14
    Question of the Month.Anthony MacIsaac, Diogo Joao Baptista Gomes, Rebecca McHugh, M. Valery Walker & Robert Griffiths - 2022 - Philosophy Now 149:42-44.
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  39.  40
    Random walks on semantic networks can resemble optimal foraging.Joshua T. Abbott, Joseph L. Austerweil & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2015 - Psychological Review 122 (3):558-569.
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  40.  6
    Inverting Cognitive Models With Neural Networks to Infer Preferences From Fixations.Evan M. Russek, Frederick Callaway & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2024 - Cognitive Science 48 (11):e70015.
    Inferring an individual's preferences from their observable behavior is a key step in the development of assistive decision-making technology. Although machine learning models such as neural networks could in principle be deployed toward this inference, a large amount of data is required to train such models. Here, we present an approach in which a cognitive model generates simulated data to augment limited human data. Using these data, we train a neural network to invert the model, making it possible to infer (...)
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  41. Are biological traits explained by their 'selected effect' functions?Joshua R. Christie, Carl Brusse, Pierrick Bourrat, Peter Takacs & Paul Edmund Griffiths - forthcoming - Australasian Philosophical Review.
    The selected effects or ‘etiological’ theory of Proper function is a naturalistic and realist account of biological teleology. It is used to analyse normativity in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of medicine and elsewhere. The theory has been developed with a simple and intuitive view of natural selection. Traits are selected because of their positive effects on the fitness of the organisms that have them. These ‘selected effects’ are the Proper functions of the traits. Proponents argue that this (...)
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  42.  35
    Bayesian collective learning emerges from heuristic social learning.P. M. Krafft, Erez Shmueli, Thomas L. Griffiths, Joshua B. Tenenbaum & Alex “Sandy” Pentland - 2021 - Cognition 212 (C):104469.
  43.  48
    From partners to populations: A hierarchical Bayesian account of coordination and convention.Robert D. Hawkins, Michael Franke, Michael C. Frank, Adele E. Goldberg, Kenny Smith, Thomas L. Griffiths & Noah D. Goodman - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (4):977-1016.
  44.  65
    Rational variability in children’s causal inferences: The Sampling Hypothesis.Stephanie Denison, Elizabeth Bonawitz, Alison Gopnik & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2013 - Cognition 126 (2):285-300.
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  45. Are Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) Psychopaths Dangerous, Untreatable, and Without Conscience? A Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence.Rasmus Rosenberg Larsen, Jarkko Jalava & Stephanie Griffiths - 2020 - Psychology, Public Policy and Law 26 (3):297–311.
    The Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL; Hare, Neumann, & Mokros 2018) scales are among the most widely used forensic assessment tools. Their perceived utility rests partly on their ability to assess stable personality traits indicative of a lack of conscience, which then facilitates behavioral predictions useful in forensic decisions. In this systematic review, we evaluate the empirical evidence behind 3 fundamental justifications for using the PCL scales in forensics, namely, that they are empirically predictive of (1) criminal behavior, (2) treatment outcomes, (...)
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  46.  69
    The Development and Validation of the Bergen–Yale Sex Addiction Scale With a Large National Sample.Cecilie S. Andreassen, Ståle Pallesen, Mark D. Griffiths, Torbjørn Torsheim & Rajita Sinha - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  47.  30
    A Dose of Emptiness: An Annotated Translation of the sTong thun chen mo of mKhas grub dGe legs dpal bzang. [REVIEW]Paul J. Griffiths - 1995 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 115 (2):346.
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  48.  91
    Qualitative and Quantitative Features of Music Reported to Support Peak Mystical Experiences during Psychedelic Therapy Sessions.Frederick S. Barrett, Hollis Robbins, David Smooke, Jenine L. Brown & Roland R. Griffiths - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  49.  51
    A probabilistic model of theory formation.Charles Kemp, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Sourabh Niyogi & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2010 - Cognition 114 (2):165-196.
  50.  13
    A rational model of people’s inferences about others’ preferences based on response times.Vael Gates, Frederick Callaway, Mark K. Ho & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2021 - Cognition 217 (C):104885.
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