Anadolu’nun her bölgesinde halk tarafından veli, ermiş, dede, pir gibi adlar verilen şahıslara ait türbelere rastlanmaktadır. Dinî-tasavvufi bağlamda halk tarafından Allah dostu olarak kabul edilen bu kişiler, anlatılan kerametleri ile ölümlerinin ardından inandırıcılık özelliklerini daha da arttırmışlardır. Bunun sonucu olarak kutsallaştırılan bu türbelere yapılan ziyaretlerin birey ve toplum üzerinde birtakım yansımaları olduğu görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak, Elvan Çelebi türbesine yapılan ziyaretlerin birey ve toplum üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, kutsal, kutsal mekân ve türbe ziyaretinin kavramsal çerçevesi ortaya konduktan (...) sonra, Elvan Çelebi’nin kim olduğu ve sosyo-kültürel hayattaki yeri üzerinde durulmuş, türbe ve bulunduğu bölge hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Elvan Çelebi Türbesini ziyaret edenler ile mülakat yapılarak elde edilen veriler yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, yapılan türbe ziyaretlerinin bireyin dini düşünce, duygu, tutum ve inançları üzerinde etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gerek geçmişte gerekse günümüzde, stresli olanların, hastalıklarına şifa arayanların, çocuğu olmayanların, adak adayanların, dua ve ziyaret ile huzurlu bir yaşam isteyenlerin ziyaret ettikleri Elvan Çelebi Türbesinin Çorum’un dini ve sosyo-kültürel hayatına canlılık katmaya devam ettiği söylenebilir. (shrink)

Cet article propose d’élargir le débat sur la transition énergétique au-delà du contexte occidental. Partant d’études de cas situées dans deux métropoles des Suds, la réflexion invite à nuancer les scénarios normatifs et supposés universels de transformation des systèmes énergétiques pour confronter les transitions aux singularités des sociétés et des territoires dans lesquels elles prennent forme. Ainsi s’aperçoit-on que les discours sur le changement climatique global ont bien moins d’effets d’entraînement sur les trajectoires énergétiques d’Istanbul et du Cap que l’impact (...) de crises écologiques plus locales ou que l’évolution de compromis socio-politiques, toujours fragiles et dépendants d’héritages historiques nationaux. (shrink)

1. cilt. Giriş, inceleme, tıpkıbasım -- 2. cilt. Tenkitli metin.

À la fin des années 1960, de nouvelles formes d’expression artistique émergent dans un contexte troublé où revendications politiques, sociales, économiques et culturelles contribuent à transformer radicalement les rapports entre artistes et institutions muséales. Alors que ces dernières, fortement attaquées pour leur conservatisme et leur posture autoritaire, tentent de trouver un compromis avec leurs détracteurs, les artistes eux s’engagent dans des processus créatifs qui contournent l’hégémonie tant culturelle qu’économique du musée en s’en emparant comme d’un outil expérimental. Marcel Broodthaers et (...) Fred Wilson, chacun à leur manière, analysent avec acuité le rôle idéologique du musée dans leurs expositions. (shrink)

Marcel Duchamp, plus qu’aucun autre artiste du XX e siècle, a marqué de façon irréversible l’histoire de l’art contemporain, provoquant avec Fontaine (1917) un point de non-retour ouvrant la voie à des pratiques artistiques libérées du joug académique. Alors que la question de l’érotisme est souvent convoquée par l’artiste d’une façon explicite ou allégorique, la réception de cet érotisme par les artistes femmes, engagées dans une représentation critique du sexe féminin et du genre au début des années 1970, produit une (...) interprétation inédite et féministe de l’œuvre de Duchamp. (shrink)

In this study, Kripke's claim, that within the framework of the possible worlds argument, the identification of mental processes by being reduced to physical events doesn't have an imperative base is addressed. Theories of physicalism and identity aims to explain the mental processes in a thoroughly physical way, thus trying to reduce it to the physical one, through brain events. According to Kripke, there must be an imperativeness for the identification of mental states with physical states. According to him, however, (...) it is not possible to show that physical events necessarily reveal mental processes. According to Kripke, in order to be imperatively correct for one statement, it must be correct in all possible worlds. Kripke uses the concept of "rigid designator" to describe this situation. According to Kripke, the thesis of identity between rigid designators must be metaphysically imperative correct. This situation does not apply to mental events. So then, the aim of this article is to reveal why the thesis of identity proposed in the explanation of physical and mental situations in terms of Kripke is not valid. (shrink)

Heidegger felsefesinin en temel niteliği, bize göre monistik bir karakter arz etmesidir. Heidegger'de varlık, hiçlik, zaman, metafizik terimleri hep aynı ontolojik problemin farklı terminolojik veçheleri olarak karşımıza çıkar. Sadece varlığı anlamaya hasredilmiş bu felsefenin başyapıtı ise kuşkusuz Varlık ve Zaman'dır. Bu eserde Heidegger titiz, ancak önceki felsefelerden farklı bir perspektif ile varlık sorusunu ele alır ve varlığı anlamaya çalışır. Varlığın yanı başında duran diğer bir kavram ise hiçliktir. Hiçlik problemini ise Heideger, bir ders sunumu olan Metafizik Nedir? isimli küçük risalesinde (...) irdeler. Ancak Metafizik Nedir?deki çözümlemelerin terminolojik arka planının önemli ölçüde Varlık ve Zaman'da olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Bu makalede filozofun Metafizik Nedir?’deki hiçlik çözümlemesi, Varlık ve Zaman’daki varlık çözümlemesi ile irtibatlı olarak ele alınıp anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. (shrink)

Heidegger’in en önemli ve bize göre diğer filozoflardan ayrılan en belirgin özelliği, düşüncelerini dile getirirken dilsel bağlamda yaptığı çözümlemeler ve oluşturduğu kavramsal yeniliklerdir. Ontolojisinin temeline yerleştirdiği ve insan varlığı anlamına gelen “Dasein” terimi de bunlardan biri, belki de en önemlisidir. Dasein, varlığın temeli, anlamı ve sonudur. Bunun yanı sıra tamamlanmamış bir varlıktır. Dasein’ın kendi varlığını ancak ölüm ile ikmal edeceğini öne süren Heidegger, bu durumu sum moribundus olarak kavramsallaştırır. Biz bu çalışmada “ölüme yönelik bir varlık olarak Dasein”ın özdeşliğine ulaşma imkânının (...) mahiyetini ve bu çerçevede Kartezyen özne ile olan ilişkisini ele almaya çalışacağız. (shrink)

Judith Butler postyapısalcı feministler arasında nevi şahsına münhasır bir düşünür olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu kabulün temel gerekçelerinden birisi onun temel hak ve özgürlükleri savunma konusundaki queer perspektifidir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Butler’ın queer teorisini inşa ederken yaslandığı felsefi zeminin analiz edilmesidir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel iddiası, Butler’ın yapısöküm stratejisini uygulamaktan ziyade, toplumsal cinsiyet ve queer teorisinin kendisini bizatihi bir yapısöküm stratejisine dönüştürmeye çalıştığı ve bunda başarılı olmadığıdır. Bu iddia, Derrida’nın différance analizi ve performatiflik kavramı üzerinden temellendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment must be based on scientific methods such as clinical trials. Trials involving human subjects and those requiring a risk-benefit analysis may occasionally face challenges owing to the time limitations in the pandemic. MethodologyThis study analyses the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and clinicaltrials.gov, where most COVID-19 clinical trials are registered, according to ethical criteria including study design, conflicts of interest, enrollment of healthcare workers, study locations, site-, design-, and participant-related issues. The discussion is based (...) on three aspects: the quality of the information to be produced, the relevance to significant health problems, and the creation or evaluation of interventions, policies, or practices that promote individual or public health. ResultsThere were significant differences between the two platforms regarding the investigational medicinal product (IMP), the comparator, ethics committee/institutional review board approval, plan to share individual participant data, study phase, site, IMP, and design-related issues. Conflict of interest, sponsor information, and management of vulnerable groups were the main areas wherein both platforms lacked sufficient information. ConclusionWith this analysis, we aimed to define a minimum set of ethical criteria for clinical trial platforms to obtain standardization between these two platforms. (shrink)

This study sought to determine cardiologists’ degrees of ethical awareness and preferred courses of action for ethical dilemmas frequently encountered in clinical settings. For this evaluation, an online survey was created and sent to cardiologists affiliated with various academic posts in Ankara, Turkey. The survey included ten cases with various ethical considerations selected from our book, “Clinic Ethics with Cases from Cardiology.” Four possible action choices were defined for each case. Participants were asked to choose one or more of these (...) preferences. In addition, a fictional change was made in each case’s context without changing the original ethical issue, and participants were asked whether an attitude different from the first chosen one was preferred. The participation ratio was 49/185 (26%), consent ratio 47/185 (25,4%), and completion ratio 44/185 (23,7%). Nine of the ten scenario changes did not change participants’ preferred action. For most questions, action preferences were concentrated between the two options. Although legal regulations did not reduce ethical dilemmas, they clarified physicians’ action preferences. Similarly, as an obscure moral issue gained prominence, physicians were forced to draw clearer lines in their actions. External factors such as healthcare emergencies can change physicians’ ethical dilemma-solving attitudes. (shrink)

The fortress of Kelefa on the western side of the Mani peninsula in southern Greece is one of a series of fortifications constructed or refurbished to defend the Ottomans' maritime frontier against Venice in the late seventeenth century. This chapter addresses whether the castle is indeed of Ottoman construction, or whether it is in fact an earlier, Frankish, structure that was merely restored by the Ottomans. It outlines what The Chronicle of the Morea says and how it can be interpreted. (...) It looks at what light later literary and other sources can throw on the problem, discussing Evliya Çelebi in the process. It identifies Grand Magne with a fortress which others have claimed is of Ottoman construction and dates from the seventeenth rather than the thirteenth century. The chapter also provides a sketch of the Mani as part of the Ottoman frontier zone in the Mediterranean region. (shrink)

Chelebi (Çelebi) Sulṭān is a Ṣūfī poet. Due to poor and limited sources, there is a hardness in finding accurate and sufficient information about him. Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı claimed that this anonymous poet could be Oğlan Sheikh İsmāʿil-i Maʿşūḳī (d. 1539) from Bayramī-Melāmī by relying on the unanimous ghazal recorded in Ḥālet Efendi 800 in Suleymaniye Library. However, the fact that the aforementioned ghazal with simple copy variations published in Eşrefoğlu Rūmī Diwan weakens the credibility of his argument that Chelebi (...) Sulṭān could be Oğlan Sheikh İsmāʿil-i Maʿşūḳī. Though the acknowledgment of this data, Gölpınarlı still insisted on the credibility of his claim that the ghazal belongs to Oğlan Sheikh. Moreover he argued that the claims suggesting that the ghazal belongs to Eşrefoğlu Rūmī (d. 1469) should be questioned. Other than this ghazal, there is one more qasida (ḳasīde) with having gizlidir word after the rhyme associate to Chelebi Sulṭān, and an annotation to this qasida by Āyīne-zāde Meḥmed Şemseddīn-i Sirozī (d. 1688/89). However, neither the qasida and ghazal attributed Chelebi Sulṭān nor the Āyīne-zāde’s annotation provide satisfying information to identify the identity of the poet. Therefore, it can be claimed that Chelebi Sulṭān’s identification is based on weak arguments. No more evidence can develop these estimations into evidence-based arguments. This article tries to provide a virtual framework for the identity of Chelebi Sulṭān. In this context, the article firstly discusses Chelebi Sulṭān’s disposition and popularity on Ṣūfī groups by considering the contents of the manuscripts mentioning him. Then, it analyzes whether Chelebi Sulṭān is associated with Ḥurūfīs or not by focusing on the ism-musemmā subject in the two first couplets of the qasida attributed to the Ṣūfī poet. Finally, the article speculates whether the poet called Chelebi Sulṭān in literature could be Misālī (d. 1577), or not, who is one of the Ḥurūfī poets. The subject of Chelebi Sulṭān's connection with Ḥurūfīsm is examined under two titles in the article. The possibility of Chelebi Sulṭān to be Misālī, one of the Ḥurūfī poets, was discussed based on the qasida with nedür rhyme. In this regard, there are two assumptions. The first one is that the pseudonym Misālī is mentioned in the qasida, and the second evidence is that there is a qasida with nedür word after rhyme belonging to Chelebi Sulṭān in the two copies of the Misālī Diwan. However, although the mentioned qasida exists in the recent copies, this qasida is not found in the oldest copies of the diwan. Therefore it is possible to conclude that this lack weakens the possibility that Chelebi Sulṭān could be Misālī, one of the Ḥurūfī poets. The second title is related to the issue of the ism-musemmā in the first two couplets of the qasida with nedür word after rhyme. Through this analysis, it was discussed whether Chelebi Sulṭān could be Ḥurūfī or not. At this point, it is revealed that there is a similarity between the two couplets of Chelebi Sulṭān in the qasida with nedür word after rhyme on the issue of ism-musemmā and some other couplets of Ḥurūfī poets (Nesīmī / Ḫalîlî, Misālī, et al.) on the same issue. Besides, the views of a few groups, apart from the Ḥurūfī Poets, that discussed ism-musemmā issue in their poetry, were evaluated. The article refers to the Ṣūfī poet's qasida with nedür word after rhyme while discussing the issue of which groups favored Chelebi Sulṭān more and it also tried to determine which groups read this qasida at that period. To discuss the general content of the manuscript, the manuscript registered in Suleymaniye Library Mihrisah Sultan number 185, the corpus cataloged in Suleymaniye Library, Galata Mevlevihanesi 233, and the manuscript cataloged in Millet Library Ali Emiri Collection (AEArb) 4341, were examined. Thus it can be claimed both Chelebi Sulṭān and his qasida were popular among heterodox groups, as it was observed that the qasida also exists in the works of Ḥurūfī, Alevi-Bektashi, and Bayramī-Melāmī groups. Despite all this, there is no clear conclusion regarding the identity of Chelebi Sulṭān. Nevertheless, it is possible to say that Chelebi Sulṭān was popular among heterodox Ṣūfī groups and that some Ḥurūfī views influenced him. (shrink)

After the death of Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi (d.1273), the cult of Mevlevi continued its structuring. Rumi's son Sultan Veled (d.1312) and his grandson Ulu Arif Çelebi (d.1320) contributed greatly to this structuring. Sultan Veled tried to turn the lodge he took over from his father into a systematic sect around Rumi's mystical thought and Mevlevi disciples. Ulu Arif Çelebi, on the other hand, is a very effective name in organizing Mevleviism as a cult. With his systematic studies and (...) travels, he made Mevlevi's spread in lodges and madrasahs, and he made efforts to teach Masnavi, the work of his grandfather Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi, in madrasahs. In addition, Ulu Arif Çelebi asked Ahmet Eflakî to write a book called Ariflerin Menkıbeleri about Rumi’s life, in order to keep his grandfather's memory alive. The entry of Mevlevi into the Ottoman State was through marriage. Mutahhare Hatun, daughter of Sultan Veled, was married to Süleyman Şah, the Germiyanoğulları leader. Süleyman Şah married the daughter of this marriage, Devlet Hatun, to Yıldırım Beyazıt, and left as a dowry Kütahya, Tavsanlı, Simav and Eğrigöz to Ottoman Empire. Yıldırım Bayezıd was appointed as the governor of Kütahya. Mehmet Çelebi was born from this marriage. The title of Çelebi is a title given to the descendants of Rumi, and Mehmet Çelebi, one of the sultans of the Fetret Period (A period of great depression), was one of the grandchildren of Rumi. The children of Mehmet Çelebi are remembered with the title of 'Çelebi'. Through this marriage, Mevlevi began to spread to the Ottoman Empire. Thus, Mevleviism would prevail in the Ottoman Empire, where Ahilik organization and Ahi culture prevailed, and Mevlevihane and Asitane would be established in many parts of the country with the support of the Ottoman State. Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi’nin (ö.1273) ölümünden sonra Mevlevilik bir tarikat olarak yapılanmasını sürdürmüştür. Mevlana’nın oğlu Sultan Veled’in (ö.1312) ve torunu Ulu Arif Çelebi’nin (ö.1320) bu yapılanmada katkısı oldukça büyüktür. Sultan Veled babasından devraldığı dergâhı, Mevlana’nın mistik düşüncesi çerçevesinde ve Mevlevi müritler etrafında sistemli bir tarikat haline getirmeye çalışmıştır. Ulu Arif Çelebi ise Mevleviliği bir tarikat olarak örgütlemede oldukça etkili bir isimdir. O sistematik olarak yaptığı çalışmalar ve seyahatlerle Mevleviliğin tekke, zaviye ve medreselerde yayılmasını sağladığı gibi dedesi Mevlana Celaleddin ’in eseri Mesnevi’nin medreselerde okutulması için de çaba sarf etmiştir. Ayrıca Ulu Arif Çelebi, dedesinin hatırasını canlı tutabilmek Ahmet Eflaki adındaki bir yazıcıya Mevlana’nın hayatını yazdırmıştır. (Ariflerin Menkıbeleri kitabı) Mevleviliğin Osmanlı Devleti’ne girişi evlilik yoluyla olmuştur. Sultan Veled’in kızı Mutahhare Hatun, Germiyanoğulları Beyi Süleyman Şah ile evlidir. Süleyman Şah bu evlilikten olan kızı Devlet Hatun’u Osmanlı Devleti’nin o dönem şehzadesi olan Yıldırım Beyazıt ile evlendirmiş ve çeyiz olarak Kütahya, Tavşanlı, Simav ve Eğrigöz dolaylarını Osmanlılara bırakmıştır. Yıldırım Bayezıd ise Kütahya valiliğine getirilmiştir. Bu evlilikten Mehmet Çelebi dünyaya gelmiştir. Çelebi unvanı Mevlana’nın soyundan gelenlere verilen bir unvandır ve Fetret Dönemi padişahlarından olan Mehmet Çelebi, Mevlana’nın torunlarındandır. Mehmet Çelebi’nin çocukları ‘çelebi’ unvanıyla anılmaktadır. Bu evlilik yoluyla Mevlevilik Osmanlı’da yayılmaya başlamıştır. Böylece daha önce Ahilik teşkilatı ve Ahi kültürünün hâkim olduğu Osmanlı Devleti’ne Mevlevilik hâkim olacak ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin desteğiyle ülkenin birçok yerinde Mevlevihane ve Asitane kurulacaktır. (shrink)

Evliyâ Çelebi, who wrote accounts of his travels that lasted over forty years, was an enlightened Ottoman saraylı, a courtier as his name çelebi indicates. Seyahatnâme, a ten-volume, first-person narrative, is one of the few accounts of the seventeenth-century Ottoman world and its periphery from the perspective of a Muslim intellectual. Robert Dankoff states, "The Book of Travels is a unique geographical, social, cultural, and linguistic record of the places and peoples the author encountered, and an invaluable source (...) for many aspects of life in his time."1 Therefore, the work has been significant for a... (shrink)