O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a autoeficácia e a qualidade de vida de jovens adultos com doenças crônicas, examinando possíveis diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Participaram 20 pacientes com diversos tipos de doenças crônicas, com idade média de 31,5 anos (DP 3,6) e que estavam inte..

Although canine identification of body odor (BO) has been widely used as forensic evidence, the concept of nosewitness identification by human observers was only recently put to the test. The results indicated that BOs associated with male characters in authentic crime videos could later be identified in BO lineup tests well above chance. To further evaluate nosewitness memory, we assessed the effects of lineup size (Experiment 1) and retention interval (Experiment 2), using a forced-choice memory test. The results showed that (...) nosewitness identification works for all lineup sizes (3, 5, and 8 BOs), but that larger lineups compromise identification performance in similarity to observations from eye- and earwitness studies. Also in line with previous eye- and earwitness studies, but in disagreement with some studies on odor memory, Experiment 2 showed significant forgetting between shorter retention intervals (15 min) and longer retention intervals (1-week) using lineups of five BOs. Altogether this study shows that identification of BO in a forensic setting is possible and has limits and characteristics in line with witness identification through other sensory modalities. (shrink)

At least since Kuhn’s Structure, philosophers have studied the influence of social factors in science’s pursuit of truth and knowledge. More recently, formal models and computer simulations have allowed philosophers of science and social epistemologists to dig deeper into the detailed dynamics of scientific research and experimentation, and to develop very seemingly realistic models of the social organization of science. These models purport to be predictive of the optimal allocations of factors, such as diversity of methods used in science, size (...) of groups, and communication channels among researchers. In this paper we argue that the current research faces an empirical challenge. The challenge is to connect simulation models with data. We present possible scenarios about how the challenge may unfold. (shrink)

This paper explores the role of inequity aversion as an explanation for observed behavior in experimental Cournot oligopolies. We show that inequity aversion can change the nature of the strategic interaction: quantities are strategic substitutes for sufficiently asymmetric output levels but strategic complements otherwise. We find that inequity aversion can explain why: some experiments result in higher than Cournot–Nash production levels while others result in lower, collusion often occurs with only two players whereas with three or more players market outcomes (...) are very close to Cournot–Nash, and players often achieve equal profits in asymmetric Cournot oligopoly. (shrink)

Argumentation involves offering and/or exchanging reasons – either reasons for adopting various attitudes towards specific propositional contents or else reasons for acting in various ways. This paper develops the idea that the force of reasons is through and through a normative force because what good reasons accomplish is precisely to give one a certain sort of entitlement to do what they are reasons for. The paper attempts to shed light on what it is to have a reason, how the sort (...) of entitlement arising from reasons differs from other species of entitlement and how the norms by which such entitlement is assessed obtain their status as norms. (shrink)

A questão dos letramentos e da inovação demonstram-se fundamentais em períodos históricos como o atual, onde as práticas de ensino-aprendizagem tornam-se cada vez mais complexas, que requerem novas abordagens teóricas para compreendermos possibilidades alternativas de ensino. Tendo estas questões em mente, este artigo visa indicar relações possíveis entre o antifundacionismo, o pensamento de Paul Feyerabend e os letramentos científicos. Em um primeiro momento indicaremos questões relativas ao antifundacionismo, e em seguida verificaremos como tal questão se efetiva no pensamento de Feyerabend. (...) Finalizaremos avaliando como esta abordagem pode fundamentar novas práticas educacionais. (shrink)

The article examines the idea that commercialized science is a central factor in the erosion of trust in science. I claim that commercial interests have a negative impact on the trustworthiness of...

_ Source: _Volume 63, Issue 1, pp 1 - 24 This article examines Diogenes of Apollonia’s doctrines of intellection and soul in relation to his material principle, air. It argues that for Diogenes both intellection and soul are not, as commonly thought, some sort of air, even though both intellection and soul are to be understood in terms of air and the system of τρόποι of air that he has set up. These new interpretations of intellection and soul yield insight (...) into Diogenes’ claims about the ordering activity of air as intellection and a renewed appreciation for his material monism. (shrink)

O presente artigo examina a maneira como João Filopono se apropria da noção aristotélica de phantasía no seu comentário ao De anima de Aristóteles. O objetivo deste exame é mostrar a articulação entre a recepção e interpretação de Filopono a respeito da phantasía e as estratégias de defesa da incorruptibilidade e impassibilidade do intelecto elaboradas pelo comentador. Com isso, esperamos lançar alguma luz sobre a complexa trajetória de transmissão da referida noção e problematizar, ainda que em linhas muito gerais, a (...) tentativa de estabelecer correspondência significativa entre a disputa pelo sentido da phantasía aristotélica no século VI e no século XX. (shrink)

A POÉTICA DA VIDA E A LINGUAGEM DA FILOSOFIA.

The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that the thought of the French philosopher Blaise Pascal was never unaware of the main metaphysical discussions of the 17th century. The discussion thatwill be explored here is related to the question of infinity, explored with emphasis by the authors of that period. With this objective in mind, we will try to build an argument on the question of infinity in the metaphysics of two 17th century philosophers: Blaise Pascal and Baruch (...) Espinosa. We will try to show that Pascal’s philosophical reflection, on the one hand, resembles that of Spinoza when he assumes that God must be conceived as absolutely infinite, beyond any specific kind of infinity, whether mathematical orspatial, but he distances himself from the Dutch philosopher when he assumes that it is impossible for man to understand the infinite in absolute terms through rationality. (shrink)

En el siglo XX, se ha intentado articular el convencionalismo lingüístico de maneras distintas. Uno de los enfoques más prometedores fue el que propuso David Lewis a finales de los años 60 e inicio de los 70. Lewis subsume las regularidades convencionales que subyacen a la actividad de hablar un lenguaje bajo los estados de equilibrio más generales que resultan de cualquier tipo de comportamiento cooperativo racional. En este artículo propongo que, pese a su atractivo, las convenciones lewisianas deberían ser (...) abandonadas a favor del convencionalismo lingüístico del segundo Wittgenstein. Mi motivación para recomendar tal giro es que la propuesta de Lewis no es capaz de ofrecer una respuesta satisfactoria a la objeción de Donald Davidson, de acuerdo con la cual la teoría convencionalista de Lewis no puede explicar la ocurrencia sistemática de malapropismos en nuestro uso ordinario del lenguaje. En las últimas secciones del artículo, me dedico a mostrar cómo las convenciones wittgensteinianas sí pueden explicar el fenómeno de los malapropismos. (shrink)

1.v. A consciência ingênua.--2.v. A consciência crítica.

International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 25, Issue 1, Page 86-89, March 2011.

In this paper, we will deal with some aspects concerning the representations of urban space as they are made in some selected passages from the book XV of Isidore of Seville‟s Etymologiae. In this book, Isidore exposes the main words which he employs for describing the urban space. From a grammar-based scrutiny in which we can find four principles of definition – etymology, analogy, gloss, and difference –, Isidore presents the appropriate nuances of the uerba which describe and, at the (...) same time, signifies the res of urban space: ciuitas, urbs, etc. (shrink)

Este Artigo pretende acompanhar a análise bergsoniana da multiplicidade numérica e do tempo homogêneo, conceituação do tempo operada principalmente pela ciência; o objetivo desta análise é esclarecer o papel do espaço na formação do número e na apreensão conceitual da duração, explicitando o procedimento geral da inteligência humana.

O aforismo 3.263 do Tractatus de Wittgenstein parece enunciar um paradoxo: para elucidar o significado de um nome, pode-se recorrer a uma proposição que inclua este nome; mas uma tal proposição só será compreendida se já for conhecido o significado daquele nome. Neste artigo, pretendemos cumprir duas tarefas: (1) avaliar criticamente duas interpretações daquele aforismo (as de Hacker e Ishiguro), levando em consideração os eventuais papéis cumpridos na elucidação de um nome pela ostensão e pelo conhecimento sensível (acquaintance) do objeto (...) nomeado; e (2) propor os requisitos mínimos de uma leitura mais bem-sucedida de 3.263, dentre os quais estarão a interpretação da elucidação como uma proposição tractariana genuína e o reconhecimento de uma habilidade fundamental do destinatário da elucidação em apreender a proposição elucidativa, o fato afigurado pela proposição e a forma lógica comum entre a proposição e o fato.AbstractAphorism 3.263 of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus seems to state a paradox: to elucidate the meaning of a name, one can resort to a proposition that includes this name; but such a proposition can only be understood if the meaning of that name is already known. In this paper, we intend to fulfill two tasks: (1) critically evaluate two interpretations of that aphorism (by Hacker and Ishiguro), taking into account the possible roles played in the elucidation of a name by ostension and by acquaintance with the object named; and (2) propose the minimum requirements for a more successful reading of 3.263, among which are the interpretation of the elucidation as a genuine Tractarian proposition and the acknowledgement of a fundamental ability by the recipient of the elucidation to grasp the elucidatory proposition, the fact pictured by the proposition and the common logical form between the proposition and the fact. (shrink)

En este trabajo intento mostrar, en primer lugar, que el realismo interno de Hilary Putnam no logra explicar filosóficamente la fijación de la referencia de las expresiones del lenguaje cotidiano. En segundo lugar, sugiero una explicación alternativa del mecanismo de fijación de la referencia apelando al concepto de interpretación radical; además, el enfoque interpretativo lo concebiré como una variante del realismo que acepta la relatividad conceptual, pero rechaza la relatividad ontológica.This paper intends to show, first, that Hilary Putnam’s internal realism (...) does not provide a satisfactory philosophical explanation of the fixation of reference of natural language’s expressions. Second, I suggest an alternative explanation of the determination of reference in terms of radical interpretation; besides, the interpretative approach is conceived here as a variant of realism which accepts conceptual relativity while rejecting ontological relativity. (shrink)

This unfortunately titled volume offers a collection of fourteen essays and two introductions, many of which stem from a 2014 conference, Aristotle and His Predecessors on Heat, Pneuma, and Soul, which is a more honest reflection of the contents, given its exclusion of the Stoics. Of the essays, eight are devoted to Aristotle, four to Presocratic natural philosophy, one to Plato, and one to the De Spiritu. The poor titling and somewhat oddly circumscribed selection of who and what receives attention, (...) however, do not detract from the quality of the contributions themselves, which is largely excellent.One highlight is Simon Trépanier's account of soul in Empedocles, the... (shrink)

Michael Beaney ha sugerido recientemente que la distinción fregeana entre sentido y referencia fue propuesta para resolver la famosa paradoja del análisis. Casi diez años antes, Michael Dummett ya insistia en que Frege fue uno de los prirneros en buscar una soluci6n satisfactoria de esta paradoja. En esre articulo, discuto algunas sugerencias de Beaney y Dummett de cómo resolver la paradoja al estilo fregeano y tarnbién sus propias contribuciones no fregeanas al debate en torno de la corrección y de la (...) informatividad del análisis. Mi intención en esta discusión es mostrar que ninguna de ellas funciona. Concluyo con una propuesta de inspiración witttgensteiniana --el enfoque de los conceptos abiertos- para apoyar la idea de que la apelación a contertidos abiertos es la rnejor rnanera de disolver la paradoja.Michael Beaney has recently suggested that the Fregean distinction between sense and reference was proposed to solve the famous paradox of analysis. Not as recently, Michael Dummett has insisted that Frege was one of the first to look for a satisfactory solution to this paradox. In this paper, I discuss Beanry’s and Dummett’s various suggestions for solving the paradox in a Fregean style as well as their own non Fregean contributions to the debate around analysis’s correction and informativeness. My intention in this discussion is to show that none of them works. I conclude with a proposal inspired by Wittgenstein’s later work -the open concepts’ proposal- designed to support the idea that the appeal to open contents is the best way to dissolve the paradox. (shrink)

In chapter 5 of his 1992 book A Study of Concepts, Christopher Peacocke claims that his account of concepts can be reconciled with naturalism. Nonetheless, despite Peacocke’s greatest efforts to convince the skeptics that the mentioned accommodation is viable if one accepts his approach to concepts, some suspicion survives. In a recent paper on this very topic, Jose Luis Bermudez raises questions about Peacocke’s supposed naturalization by arguing that the approach in question is not able to make sense of the (...) distinction between misapplying a concept one nonetheless possesses and not possessing that concept at all. What I am going to do here is, on the one hand, defend Peacocke’s concept naturalization project from Bermudez’s objection and, on the other hand, show that the latter’s suggestion cannot save the surely crucial distinction between making a mistake in using a concept and being incapable of a mistake or a correct use because of not having the concept. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende analisar, a partir do liber II do De Vita Caesarum, de Suetônio, o perfil do imperador Augusto, promovendo uma discussão sobre os aspectos linguísticos e estilísticos da obra, discorrendo sobre sua contribuição ainda não devidamente valorizada para o desenvolvimento da historiografia moderna, cotejando, analisando e discutindo traduções de modo a propor alteração em diversos fragmentos.