The article is dedicated to one of the fundamental social problems – the problem of inequality in the field of education and the mechanisms of its reproduction. The author's view of the problem is related to understanding the evolution of the institute of education in the light of the accompanying scientific discourse, which usually starts with the issue of equal access to educational resources, and then emphasizes on discussing the possibilities for equality of educational outcomes. The author traces several main (...) stages that reveal the progressive movement of the institutional nature of education, especially in the direction of expanding its accessibility, openness and efficiency, which at the same time remains firmly embedded in the existing system of stratification. Attention is paid mainly to the analysis of the way in which the institutional instruments in the form of selection and differentiation are materialized in the complex mechanisms and realities of the pedagogical process and contribute to the exacerbation of educational inequalities. (shrink)

This is the first English translation of Ibn Sīnā's (Avicenna) Commentary on Chapters 6-10 of Aristotle's Metaphysics Λ. It is significant as it is one of only a small number of surviving commentaries by Ibn Sīnā and offers crucial insights into not only his attitudes towards his predecessors, but also his own philosophical positions — especially with regard to the human intellect's connections to God and the cosmos — and his attempt to develop a distinctive mode of commentary.

In recent years, the definition of mole, the unit of the amount of substance, has changed to have the base units of the International System defined by “explicit-constant” formulations. The old definition, by referring explicitly to both mass and elementary units, suggests that the mole is a bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic registers. Conversely, the new definition emphasizes the aspect of counting, referred to any kind of elementary unit. Paradoxically, this results in the disappearance of the notion of substance (...) from the very unit of the quantity amount of substance. This change of definition elicited both positive and negative remarks from various authors, in relation to its epistemological, disciplinary, lexical and educational implications. In the present paper, we analyze some of these issues, highlighting the (conflicting) motivations of metrologists and chemists. We argue that the new definition of mole reflects a view of chemistry according to which the microscopic perspective prevails, possibly entailing the loss of reference to the macroscopic register; this could be related with the profound change undergone by the cognitive practices of chemistry along this last century. (shrink)

El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una reflexión sobre el proceso de incorporación de la conciencia feminista en el imaginario occidental a partir de los casos de Christine de Pizan y sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, que permiten ejemplificar el concepto de heroicidad epistémica propuesto por José Medina. Para ello se expondrán las posiciones críticas de ambas autoras y se valorará el efecto que tuvieron en sus respectivos contextos, así como el rastro que dejaron en momentos posteriores. Este recorrido (...) servirá para problematizar dicho concepto y apuntará la necesidad de enmarcarlo históricamente desde las expectativas del presente. (shrink)

Cet article se propose de retracer le parcours du concept kantien de responsabilité à travers les trois grands domaines dans lesquels il est mobilisé : la philosophie morale, qui fait de la liberté la condition de possibilité de la responsabilité ; la philosophie du droit, qui fait porter la responsabilité sur les seules actions extérieures, et non sur l’intériorité de l’intention ; la philosophie de la religion, dans laquelle Kant explore le rapport de la responsabilité au mal radical.

Summary The developmental age is often characterized by problems of somatization of psychological problems and conflicts: Anorexia, enuresis, encopresis and persistent constipation. The Drawn-Story (DS) technique presented in this article was developed to enhance and support the narrative-dialogic relationship in the psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic context – initially primarily for work with children of developmental age, but later also for other patient groups. It is a projective drawing technique that was developed by Giancarlo Trombini in the 1970s based on his training (...) in Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis at the University of Bologna and has since been further developed by him, Elena Trombini and their colleagues and also used in other fields of application. This article uses an early case history of DS to explore central aspects of this technique in greater depth. It also explores the question of whether the Concluding Therapeutic Turn observed in therapies with adults can also be observed in developmental age therapy according to the criterion of reconciliation of time perspectives. (shrink)

RESUMEN: La labor del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex-Yugoslavia tuvo un momento importante en la compresión del principio de legalidad, como principio básico en la garantía de los derechos humanos, al enfrentar no sólo el derecho consuetudinario como fuente de derecho sino también diferentes modos o enfoques en la identificación de este derecho consuetudinario. Esta relación debe ser analizada a la luz de las limitaciones que tiene el derecho internacional y, sobre todo, de los procedimientos de creación de normas. (...) No resulta fácil exigir responsabilidad en el cumplimiento del derecho internacional humanitario y de los derechos humanos. La práctica de este Tribunal abre una vía para la reflexión con la finalidad de asegurar el respeto de los derechos humanos en cualquier circunstancia, incluso de aquellos que llevaron a cabo la comisión de graves crímenes contra la comunidad internacional.ABSTRACT: The work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was important for understanding the principle of legality as a key principle on the guarantee of Human Rights. The former was due to the Tribunal’s work on having faced the customary law as a source of law using different perspectives for its identification. The link between customary law, principle of legality and human rights has to be analyzed taking in account the limits of International law and the procedures for creating legal norms. It is not easy to invoke responsibility in the fulfillment of international humanitarian law and international law of human rights. The practice developed by this Tribunal provides an avenue for thinking about ensuring the respect of the human rights in any case including the commission of grave crimes against international community. PALABRAS CLAVE: derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, principio de legalidad, derecho internacional humanitario, costumbre internacionalKEYWORDS: international law of human rights, principle of legality, international humanitarian law, international custom. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to identify the contours of the potential of the financial services market in the Krasnodar Territory in the context of suppliers in order to determine the vector of further market development. The article examines the dynamics of organizations engaged in financial and insurance activities, assesses the institutional provision of the banking services market, represented by the number of insurance entities in dynamics in recent years, analyzes the volume of insurance fees and payments, analyzes the (...) number of organizations and the volume of the microfinance market. Scientific novelty lies in unlocking the potential of the financial services market in the Krasnodar Territory. As a result, the key problems and growth vectors of the studied market were identified as a strategic imperative for the socio-economic development of the territory. (shrink)

Both unipolar and bipolar depression have been linked with impairments in executive functioning. In particular, mood symptom severity is associated with differences in common EF, a latent measure of general EF abilities. The relationship between mood disorders and EF is particularly salient in adolescence and young adulthood when the ongoing development of EF intersects with a higher risk of mood disorder onset. However, it remains unclear if common EF impairments have associations with specific symptom dimensions of mood pathology such as (...) blunted positive affect, mood instability, or physiological arousal, or if differences in common EF more broadly relate to what is shared across various symptom domains, such as general negative affect or distress. To address this question, bifactor models can be applied to simultaneously examine the shared and unique contributions of particular mood symptom dimensions. However, no studies to our knowledge have examined bifactor models of mood symptoms in relation to measures of common EF. This study examined associations between common EF and general vs. specific symptom dimensions using structural equation modeling in adolescents and young adults with varying severity of mood symptoms. A General Depression factor capturing shared variance across symptoms statistically predicted lower Common EF. Additionally, a factor specific to physiological arousal was associated with lower Common EF. Anhedonia-specific and Mania-specific factors were not significantly related to Common EF. Altogether, these results indicate that deficits in common EF are driven by, or reflect, general features of mood pathology that are shared across symptom dimensions but are also specifically associated with physiological arousal. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the phenomenon of communicative barriers in the context of phenomenological and hermeneutic representations, to identify the main semantic causes of the formation of conflict barriers inherent in the communicative consciousness. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the phenomenon of communicative barriers is considered in the context of the ontological foundations of communication interaction, the semantic aspects of the barriers of misunderstanding, their role in the historical and social (...) development of consciousness are analyzed. The combination of phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches creates justifications for revealing the causal - target orientation of communication dynamics. In this regard, the dialectical essence of communication barriers is pointed out. As a result, the conclusion is made about the creative role of communicative barriers in the development of human consciousness, culture and social existence. (shrink)

The article is a generalization and analysis of some of the results of the monitoring of the satisfaction of graduates of the Russian State Social University, conducted in 2020. The results of similar monitoring carried out in other higher educational institutions are also considered. The article pays great attention to the relationship of various factors of graduates' satisfaction, corresponding to the prospects for improving the educational process based on the results of monitoring studies. The article may be of interest both (...) for researchers of the educational process in universities and for a wide range of specialists in the field of university pedagogy. (shrink)

Se usa la hermenéutica comprensiva, diatópica y ecosófica como transmétodo de construcción teórica para sustentar la con-formación de los investigadores educativos venezolanos desde la tríada transdisciplinariedad-ecosofía-antropoética, como retos urgentes en Venezuela. Existen problemáticas profundas en el accionar del ciudadano que se conforma en la educación universitaria, ya que el ser humano, en su parcelación del conocimiento, ha olvidado que somos seres biológicos, psíquicos, espirituales, sociales, ambientales, etéreos, culturales, y que cada aspecto no se puede estudiar por separado ya que es (...) un complexus. Todo ello, aunado a la mercantilización, a temas como la inclusión, la pertinencia y la con-formación, junto a la formación docente en los posgrados, se analiza frecuentemente. Se concluye que con la antropoética se debe alcanzar la toma de consciencia que se necesita en la investigación y en la formación de educadores y que, por encima de la mercantilización, existe la responsabilidad social compleja de la formación de ese docente como ciudadano planetario. (shrink)

Source: Author: Liliya Ponomaryova, Elena Osadcha The problems of forming phonetic skills of the German language which is studied on the basis of the English language have been considered. The aim of this research is to make the comparative analysis of the phonetic aspects of the foreign languages that are taught one after another. There has been the attempt to analyze, generalize and systematize the material on the given topic which is presented in works in German, English, Ukrainian and (...) Russian on the main theoretical questions connected with the process of teaching the second foreign language. It was shown that while forming phonetic skills in German, it is necessary to give the characteristics to the phonetic, rhythmic and intonation peculiarities of both German and English; to point out the difficulties of mastering the pronunciation system of German, to develop the introductory course and the material for phonetic warming-up and to work out the algorithm of introducing a new sound. ]]>. (shrink)

This study tackles hashtags as framing devices which shape public arguments and controversies in computer-mediated communication environments. It focuses on the use of the _genocide_ hashtag on Twitter in the context of the Ukraine-Russia war. It proposes and showcases a methodology to surface how the semantic and discourse properties of the term genocide affect its framing properties as a hashtag which bears argumentative functions, directly or indirectly calling for action.

The seventeen contributions constituting this edited volume focus on archaic Greek thought — Presocratics broadly understood, including Sophists, Archaic poets, or Tragedians — and its multiform reception, use or appropriation through times and lands. -/- The first chapters deal with the direct reconstruction and understanding of early Greek thought, from the very first philosophical writings to the last Presocratic philosopher. By alternating discussions of editorial and translation issues, stylistic analysis, geographical study and history of science, these contributions question the value (...) of the testimonies or fragments attributed to those early thinkers and challenge our understanding of the texts at the origin of western philosophy. -/- The volume subsequently focuses on the echoes of those Archaic voices, over a long period of time from Aristotle to the 20th century. From their early reception in Greek and Roman time to their adaptation in contemporary poetry, by way of their appropriation and use in Islamic philosophy or in Latin-America colonization, the contributions gathered in this second part illustrate the large scope of influence of ancient philosophers and of their ideas in various times and places. (shrink)

Kaum eine andere künstlerische Strategie prägte das Wertesystem der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts wie die Wiederholung. Sie lässt sich als wesentliches Moment ausmachen, neue Wahrnehmungsweisen zu ermöglichen, Kritik an Formen der Repräsentation zu üben und neuen Sinn zu produzieren. Der Band nimmt eine kritische Revision des Phänomens für die zeitgenössische Kunst vor und eröffnet anhand bildnerischer, skulpturaler, performativer, technisch-medialer wie auch kuratorischer Wiederholungen in der Kunst eine Perspektive auf die Wiederholung als Grundbegriff des Ästhetischen.

Dans la Russie post-soviétique, on dénombre environ 12 millions de personnes qui vivent en situation de handicap. Cependant, les recherches scientifiques consacrées à ce large segment de la société russe, principalement à propos de la stigmatisation et de l’auto-stigmatisation, sont rares. Les textes autobiographiques écrits par des personnes qui présentent un handicap, entre 1990 et 2010, permettent de mieux comprendre les expériences de ces personnes dans la Russie post-soviétique. Ces textes témoignent notamment des principales stratégies que les personnes qui présentent (...) des incapacités motrices congénitales ou acquises ont adopté afin de s’adapter aux défis de la vie quotidienne. Le diagnostic médical a profondément transformé le statut social et le mode de vie de ces personnes. Cet article examine le diagnostic selon la perspective des théories du “rite de passage” vers un autre monde, le monde des personnes handicapées, leur “bas-monde.” En s’appuyant sur les autobiographies de personnes handicapées, cet article révèle comment les étiquettes et les notions appliquées à l’infirmité au sein de la société russe contemporaine sont enracinées dans la culture russe dans son ensemble et dans les attitudes soviétiques envers le handicap et les personnes handicapées. (shrink)

Partimos del supuesto de que la transición política del PLD al PDJ generó la esperanza del cambio en la sociedad japonesa, en los vecinos regionales y en los aliados occidentales. Empero no hay señales de un liderazgo político de este partido que evidencie un cambio de rumbo y un proyecto propio. Las declaraciones de su líder espiritual, Ichir? Ozawa, provocaron una incertidumbre generalizada por lo radical de su discurso. El tiempo que el PDJ lleva en el poder ha estado plagado (...) de desacuerdos internos y crisis. La muy reciente crisis causada por la triple catástrofe del 11 de marzo de 2011 mostró la desintegración al interior del partido y la falta de acuerdos entre sus propios miembros, mostrando que este cambio solo ha traído más de lo mismo. (shrink)

Cet article vise à montrer comment l’École polytechnique et l’École d’application de l’artillerie et du génie de Metz ont influencé l’Académie d’ingénieurs militaires de Madrid en tant que modèles inspirant des plans d’études et manuels mathématiques tout au long du xixe siècle. Concernant les manuels, les premières traductions espagnoles des œuvres de Monge et de Lacroix ont marqué une tendance qui a entraîné d’autres traductions, appropriations et œuvres originales sur la base d’une sélection rigoureuse de différentes sources françaises. Quant aux (...) plans d’études, l’intérêt d’élever le niveau mathématique des ingénieurs militaires apparaît clairement en 1816 et se développe entre 1839 et 1870, lorsque l’estime des ingénieurs militaires espagnols envers les écoles françaises susmentionnées en tant que modèles à suivre est documentée. (shrink)

This study shows that the Turkish expression _hani_ exhibits interesting properties for the study of the semantics and pragmatics interface, because, on the one hand, its function is merely pragmatic, but on the other hand, it is subject to the truth-conditional effect of other constituents at LF. This notwithstanding, studies on this expression are remarkably scarce. The only attempts to describe its properties are Erguvanlı-Taylan (Studies on Turkish and Turkic languages; proceedings of the ninth international conference on Turkish linguistics, 133–143, (...) 2000 ), Akar et al. (Discourse meaning, 57–78, 2020 ), and Akar and Öztürk (Information-structural perspectives on discourse particles, 251–276, 2020 ). In the present study, we introduce the first formal semantic and pragmatic treatment of clauses containing _hani_. Unlike previous accounts, we claim that _hani_ can have one of the following two major pragmatic functions: making salient a proposition in the Common Ground or challenging one in a past Common Ground, therefore requiring a Common Ground revision. Despite its variety of occurrences, we argue that _hani_ has a uniform interpretation and provide a compositional analysis of the different construals that it is associated with. Furthermore, we show that a formally explicit and accurate characterization of _hani_ clauses requires operating on indexical parameters, in particular the context time. Therefore, if our proposal is on the right track, _hani_ clauses may provide indirect empirical evidence in favour of the existence of “monstrous” phenomena, adding to the accumulating cross-linguistic evidence in this domain (see Schlenker in Linguistics and Philosophy 26(1):29–120, 2003 and much work since then). The definition of monsters is intended as in Kaplan (Themes from Kaplan, 481–563, 1989 ). (shrink)

Nota crítica sobre el libro de María Luisa Femenías (2022). _Los disidentes : filósofos feministas excluidos de la memoria, _Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires : Galerna, 446 páginas.