Bu çalışma, DKAB öğretmenlerinin pedagojik inançlarını çeşitli değişkenler açısından inceleme amacını taşımaktadır. Pedagojik inanç, öğrenme-öğretme süreçlerine yönelik geliştirilen değer örüntüleridir. Pedagojik inançlar, öğretimin merkezi figürlerinden olan öğretmenlerin iki temel değer örüntülerinden birisidir ve bu sebeple nitelikli bir öğrenme-öğretme ortamı için dikkate alınmalıdır. Çalışma karma desenli bir çalışmadır ve nicel araştırmada model olarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan tarama modellerinden olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler, doküman analizi ve tarama yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Nitel çalışma içinse durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tarama verilerine (...) göre DKAB öğretmenlerinin pedagojik inançları ile cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, görev yaptıkları okul türü ve kitap okuma alışkanlıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Görev süresi ile pedagojik inanç arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki görülmüştür. Söz konusu tarama verilerinin öznel olarak nasıl anlamlandırıldığını keşfetmek için on öğretmenle mülakat yapılmıştır. Öğretmenlere göre genel olarak DKAB dersi çıktıları yeterli değildir ve bu yetersizliğin en önemli sebepleri olarak sistem ve öğrenci dile getirilmiştir. Katılımcıların ideal DKAB öğretmeni için dile getirdiği nitelikler ise iletişim, alan bilgisi, meslek bilgisi, merhamet, teknolojik araçları kullanmak ve kendini yenilemektir. Katılımcılar için pedagojik inançlardan daha çok gerçek öğrenme-öğretme ortamlarının özellikleri daha önemli görünmektedir ya da daha doğru ifadeyle realist öğretmen kimliği geliştirdikleri söylenebilir. (shrink)

This study aims to determine the opinions of teachers of Religious Culture and Ethics Course (DKAB) about subject-based classroom application in-depth. The research has been carried from qualitative research methods with a case study design. In order to determine the working group of the study, criteria sampling was used in the first stage, and the maximum diversity sampling method was used in the next step. The sample of this research consists of 8 DKAB teachers working in Ankara province. (...) A semi-structured interview form has been used as a data collection tool in the study. The data of the qualitative of this research has been analyzed with both descriptive and content analysis by NVivo 10 program. In order to ensure validity and reliability in the study, credibility, transferability, consistency, and verifiability strategies have been used. When the research data were analyzed, four themes were formed: positive opinions about the application, negative opinions and problems related to the application, contribution of the practice to religious education and training, and recommendations about the application. DKAB teachers find the application more positive than the classroom system. It has been found that the practice of subject-based classrooms is a motivational tool for Primary School students, while it causes some problems for lower secondary school and upper secondary school students.Summary: Learning environments are among the key elements in the acquisition of 21st-century skills. Classrooms are also a part of the learning environment. Classes are the learning environment in which teachers and students spend most of their education and training process. In this context, subject-based classroom application is one of the preferred methods in the arrangement of classrooms.Subject-based classroom application means that the teachers have a special classroom related to their branches in the school building, and students attend the teacher's classroom according to the syllabus. In this practice, the teacher can decorate walls, floor, ceiling, column, and beam of the classroom with students’ study materials such as banner, poster, painting, cartoon to make the course more effective and efficient and to create a psychological atmosphere called classroom atmosphere-air.This application aims to activate the student by enriching the classroom and make learning effective and efficient. The classroom equipped with appropriate equipment and materials provides a favorable environment for the implementation of effective teaching strategies. The application can create “class/classroom culture” by using ordinary meanings and symbols related to the course. It provides students the opportunity to exhibit their products and contributes to students' self-regulation skills development. Besides, real-life practices or practices close to reality can be brought into the classroom. As a result, permanent learning can be realized with the possibility of creating a shared living space and the number of sensory organs participating in learning.This current study aims to address in-depth information about the opinions of Religious Culture and Moral Ethics (DKAB) teachers in primary, secondary, and high schools regarding the subject-based classroom application. When the studies in the literature are examined, it is seen that the studies related to the subject-based classroom application have increased since 2010. However, it is clear that this research is directed towards social studies, geography, science, and mathematics courses and is based on the opinions of students, teachers, and administrators at the secondary school level. In the context of DKAB course, there has been no research including the views of teachers, students, or school administrators regarding the application of subject-based classrooms. This study is carried out revealing perspectives of DKAB teachers by examining their opinions on the subject-based classroom application and contribute to the field. The research was conducted with a case study design from the qualitative research methods. The participants consist of 8 DKAB teachers working in Ankara province. A mixed purposive sampling method was used to determine the study group. In the first stage, the teachers implementing the DKAB classrooms application were taken as criteria. In the next step, the study group was determined within the framework of the maximum diversity sampling method by considering the variables such as school level, gender, age, education level, duration of teachers' work. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form with expert opinion. In the form, there are nine main questions and probe questions, which include questions related to subject-based classrooms application, the contribution of the application to religious education and training, the contribution of teachers to professional and personal development, the effect of teachers' belonging to the school, the effectiveness, and improvement of the application. Permission has been obtained from the Ankara Provincial Directorate of National Education and participants via consent form for the interview. The interviews were recorded in audio, 169.58-minute audio recording transcripts, and 52-page interview data obtained. The qualitative data of this research has been analyzed with both descriptive and content analysis by NVivo 10 program. In order to ensure validity and reliability in the study, credibility, transferability, consistency, and verifiability strategies have been used.When the data of the research were analyzed, the opinions of DKAB teachers about the subject-based classrooms application categorized under four themes; positive and negative opinions/problems about the practice, the contribution of the practice to religious education and teaching and practical suggestions. Under the theme of positive opinions on the application, positive aspects for the teacher, student, parents, and comparison with the classroom system were formed. According to the participants, the practice of DKAB classroom is a “facilitation” element for the teacher because of the factors such as the teacher not moving around the classroom, not carrying material, having freedom to organize the classroom, and material regularity. In this application, since the teacher has a class of his own, the teacher adopts and owns the classroom and the sense of belonging to school increases. This sense of belonging is felt so strongly that there is even a participant who plans to retire if the application is abandoned. The positive aspects of the application for the students are that; a classroom is a motivating tool, the boards and walls can be used, and the student has the opportunity to exhibit their activities. When compared with the classroom system, it was stated that as a result of the branch classroom practice, the school equipment could be better protected, class order and cleaning easier, and the success of the students would be increased.The negative views of the participants on the application were grouped under the categories of students, teachers, and parents. Not having a fixed class of their own, continually relocating and losing time in recess, staying in the classroom door when the classroom is locked, not adopting the classroom and lack of lockers constitute the negative aspects of the application for the students. The overuse of classrooms, less use of teachers' rooms, lack of communication between colleagues are the negative aspects of the application for the teachers. It was stated by (75%) most of the participants that branch classroom application contributed to the continual learning of students in religious education and teaching. To make the application more functional, DKAB teachers have proposed arrangements such as improving physical infrastructure, enriching teaching materials, and arranging school syllabus and keeping classrooms open. As a result, teachers find the application more positive than the classroom system. While it is a motivation tool for primary school students, it causes some problems for secondary and high school students, such as carrying bags, staying at the door, and wasting time. In this sense, the application is recommended to be applied in primary schools that have a sufficient number of classrooms. Also, the system should be applied in secondary and high schools where the number of students is low, or the number of classrooms is sufficiently provided that the problems experienced by the students are eliminated. School administrations and teachers need to take necessary measures to make the application effective and efficient. (shrink)

In this study, secondary school DKAB (Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge) lesson’s belief learning domain has been examined structurally. In this context, the basic principles of belief have been discussed according to Māturīdīsm, Ash'arism, Mutazilite and in places according to Shia. The common points and different aspects of the ideas in the domain of belief of these schools have been examined in a comparative way. Subjects such as the attribute of taqwin/creation, which is the main discussion between Māturīdīsm and (...) Ashʿarism, whether Allah can be known by reason, whether the good and the evil are determined by reason or nass/verses are the examples. Additionally existance of the immutable attributes and that whether they are eternal or not, that whether ru’yatullah/seeing God is possible or not and the conditions of the afterlife which have been points of discussion between Mutazilite and Ahl es-Sunnah have been handled in the article. Surely these are matters of extensive discussion; this study evaluated these topics in the pedagogical context of the belief learning domain of the DKAB lesson. Firstly the theological background of the belief learning domain of DKAB lesson has been handled. Then learning outcomes which are the first elements of the curriculum have been classified. And thirdly the text books which are the second dimension of the curriculum have been analyzed. The method of the study is document analysis. Belief is the first of the learning domains designated as worship, morality, Prophet Muhammad and culture, and it is also of great importance because it is the basis of other learning domains. Belief learning domain is in the interest of curriculum designers in terms of having some pedagogical features but it must also be in harmony with theological acceptances as it is one of the basic components of religiosity. The theological background is also directly related to the political and legal context of the lesson, such as doctriner and non-confessional status. Because when various interpretations of religion do not have common points or when the common points are weak, the non-confessional feature will always be a controversial matter. In theological texts God has been described as essential, the almighty, the omniscient and one who intervenes in the history. Discussions between Kalam schools and philosophical schools about God's attributes, or the discussions within the Kalam schools are very important in terms of reflecting God-universe-human relationship. One of the most important problems in this issue is that the conception of God is not decisive, and that the conception of matter and human must be compatible with the conception of God. Developing a theology in the context of God's attributes, excluding matter and human conceptions leads to an over-abstraction of the theological background. Moreover, changes in the conception of matter and human will harm the conception of God, and the contribution of religious education to those who searching for meaning will decrease. The fact that the faith principles of Islamic religion do not vary depending on the sects strengthens the status of non-confessional religous education. In addition, an essential God conceptualization facilitates the management of people their lives. For believers, life has a purpose and it is a preparation for the afterlife. Furthermore in the context of cultural knowledge, gaining in-depth knowledge is a remarkable support for social life. On the other hand, the achievements in the lesson curriculum are at the first levels in terms of taxonomy and this shows that the lesson does not support high level learning and identity formation. Considering the speed and severity of the transformation in social life, it is necessary to provide some qualities that will support the construction of self and personality of those who take religious education. However, the low level of objectives of the curriculum and the one-dimensionality of Bloom's taxonomy used in the curriculum have been an unsolved problem for a long time. This points out the importance of developing a curriculum of religious education, taking into account the theological background and the individual and social dimensions of human beings. On the other hand, it can be thought that there are some problems in the establishment of the relationship between God-universe-human in the textbooks. Although the content is suitable for personal God representation and gives prominence to causality tought, when it comes to the idea of order of the universe, it contradicts with personal God representation and moral development. When the idea of order is over-objectivized in the textbooks, it becomes unclear how God intervenes in the universe. So, it remains suspended that the learners how make sense of events and their actions. (shrink)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İmam Hatip Lisesi öğrencilerinin İmam Hatip Lisesi, İmam Hatip Lisesi meslek dersi öğretmeni ve İmam Hatip Lisesi idaresine ilişkin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla tespit etmektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenolojik (olgubilim) desende tasarlanmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen çalışma grubu, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında 5 farklı İmam Hatip Lisesinde 9. ve 12. sınıfta öğrenim gören 412 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri katılımcıların, “İmam Hatip Lisesi…gibidir; çünkü…”, “İmam Hatip Lisesi Meslek dersi öğretmeni… gibidir; çünkü…”, “İmam Hatip (...) Lisesi idaresi…gibidir; çünkü…” cümlelerini tamamlamaları yoluyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde tümevarımcı içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucu oluşturulan temalar/kategoriler SPSS programında frekans, yüzde ve çapraz tablo olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğrencilerin “imam hatip lisesi” ile “imam hatip lisesi meslek dersleri öğretmenlerine” ilişkin algılarının olumlu olduğu, fakat İmam Hatip Lisesi idarecilerine ilişkin algılarının ise olumsuz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında erkek öğrencilerin, imam hatip ortaokulundan mezun öğrencilerin ve 9. Sınıf öğrencilerinin metaforik algılarının daha olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Özet: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, İmam Hatip Lisesi öğrencilerinin İmam Hatip Lisesi, İmam Hatip Lisesi meslek dersi öğretmeni ve İmam Hatip Lisesi idaresine ilişkin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla tespit etmektir. Türk eğitim sistemi içerisinde yer alan İmam Hatip Liseleri 1924 yılında açılmış, hem mesleğe hem de yükseköğretime öğrenci yetiştiren bir ortaöğretim kurumudur. Öğretim programında yer alan derslerin ortalama %40’ı dini mesleki dersler, %60’ı ise kültür derslerinden oluşmaktadır. Meslek derslerini meslek dersleri öğretmenleri vermektedir. Bu okulların yönetiminde, meslek dersi öğretmenlerinin yanında farklı branşlara ait idareciler de bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı itibariyle ortaöğretime devam eden öğrencilerin %11’i bu okulları tercih etmektedir. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenolojik (olgubilim) desende tasarlanmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen çalışma grubu, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında 5 farklı İmam Hatip Lisesinde 9. ve 12. sınıfta öğrenim gören 412 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri nitel araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak kullanılan metaforlar yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri katılımcıların, “İmam Hatip Lisesi…gibidir; çünkü…”, “İmam Hatip Lisesi Meslek dersi öğretmeni… gibidir; çünkü…”, “İmam Hatip Lisesi idaresi…gibidir; çünkü…” cümlelerini tamamlamaları yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde tümevarımcı içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucu oluşturulan temalar/kategoriler (olumlu-olumsuz) SPSS programında frekans, yüzde ve çapraz tablo olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin, İmam Hatip Lisesine ilişkin 140, meslek dersi öğretmenlerine ilişkin 147, idarecilere ilişkin 161 metafor ürettikleri görülmüştür. Ürettikleri metaforların analiz edilmesi sonucunda, temelde olumlu ve olumsuz olmak üzere iki kategoride toplandığı anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin ortalama üçte ikisi (%63,3) İmam Hatip Lisesine ilişkin olumlu metafor (93) üretirken, üçte biri (%36,7) ise olumsuz (47) metafor üretmiştir. Olumlu olarak üretilen metaforlar içerisinde en sık tekrarlanan metaforların “Evimiz (33/%8,01)”, “Aile ( 24/% 5,83) ve “Kur’an Kursu (14/%3,40)” metaforlarının olduğu; olumsuz olarak en sık tekrarlanan metaforların ise “Cezaevi/hapishane (76/%18,45)”, “Düz lise (12/%18,45)”, “Kötü bir yer (6/%6)” şeklinde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgulara göre öğrencilerin yarıdan fazlasının İmam Hatip Lisesine ilişkin olumlu metaforik algıya sahip oldukları söylenebilir. Araştırmada kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre İmam Hatip Lisesini daha fazla olumsuz algıladıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin dörtte üçü (%77,4) meslek dersi öğretmenlerine ilişkin olumlu (98) metafor üretirken, beşte birlik kısmın (%22,6) ise olumsuz (49) metafor ürettikleri belirlenmiştir. Olumlu olarak üretilen metaforlar içerisinde en sık tekrarlanan metaforların “İyi biri (34/%8,25)”, “Abla-abi (32/%7,77)”, “Aile (31/%7,52)”, metaforlarının olduğu; olumsuz olarak en sık tekrarlanan metaforların ise “Kötü biri (10/%2,42)”, “Diğer öğretmen (7/%1,70)”, “Sıkıcı (6/%1,46)” şeklinde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgu öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun meslek dersi öğretmenlerine ilişkin olumlu metaforik algıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin üçte biri (%35) idarecilere ilişkin olumlu (67) metafor üretirken, üçte ikisinin (%65) ise olumsuz (94) metafor ürettikleri belirlenmiştir. Olumlu olarak üretilen metaforlar içerisinde en sık tekrarlanan metaforun “Aile (22/%5,34)”, “İyi biri (14/%3,40))”, “Disiplinli (7/%1,70)” metaforlarının olduğu; olumsuz olarak en sık tekrarlanan metaforların ise “Gardiyan (32/%7,77)”, “Aşırı disiplinli (30/%7,28)”, “Kötü (30/%7,28)” şeklinde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin oluşturduğu diğer metaforların “diktatör, baskıcı, polis, hapishane, hapishane müdürü, sert, baskıcı baba, mahkeme salonu, komutan, dedektif, askerlik” gibi baskı ifade eden metaforlar olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu veriler idarecilerin öğrencilerin yarıdan fazlası tarafından olumsuz olarak algılandığı; idarecilerin öğrencilerin zihninde baskı yapan eğitimci imajı bıraktığı söylenebilir. Araştırmada kız öğrencilerin (%77) erkek öğrencilere (%41,3) göre okul idaresini daha fazla olumsuz algıladıkları görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, İHL öğrencilerinin okullarına ve meslek dersi öğretmenlerine ilişkin metaforik algılarının olumlu yönde olduğu, fakat okul idarecilerine karşın olumsuz olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin idareci algıları üzerine farklı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir. (shrink)

Education is the process of raising the people that your society needs. At the end of this process, whether the desired output is achieved or not is understood by measurement and evaluation processes. Measurement and evaluation activities, which are indicators of whether the training process is functioning right or not, have an important place in the system. At this point, the attitudes of the teachers who perform the assessment and evaluation towards measurement and evaluation are very important. Based on this (...) importance, the aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of RCE teachers towards assessment and evaluation within the framework of different variables. 341 RCE teachers participated in this quantitative study, which adopted a crosssectional and relationships screening model. In the study, "Attitude Scale for Assessment and Evaluation (ÖDTÖ/ASAE)" developed by Çalışkan and Yazıcı (2013) was used. The findings obtained as a result of the research show that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of RCE teachers towards measurement and evaluation according to gender, status of receiving formation education, faculty graduated, tenure of duty, type of school served. On the other hand, whether or not they receive special training on assessment and evaluation does not significantly affect the attitudes of RCE teachers towards assessment and evaluation. (shrink)

The social status of teaching profession has rapidly plummeted in the Turkish society. This study discusses the societal aspect of social status and aims to critically analyse the representations of mainstream media about Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge teachers in Turkey as one of the societal reflections of teachers’ social statues. Although the dimensions of media effect on societal perceptions are not fully located, an indirect effect cannot be ignored. The study’s methodology, T. A. van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis is (...) recruited for its comprehensive interpretation opportunities alongside with the thematic analysis, which is recruited to categorise the themes due to the ten-year duration chosen to analyse the news on the media. The examined examples of news are categorised into three themes as positive individual representations, negative individual representations and professional representations. Reflections of reactive news, which is a sub-category for individual negative representations, are found to be the section where the ideological stances/worldviews mostly are detected. Teachers’ educational actions/expressions within the classroom or actions/expressions outside school are determined to be included in the news in a way to create public discussion and moral panic. The hidden intentions and purposes behind these choices are open to discussion. The study recruits thematic analysis and Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis for analysis purposes. It is found that the majority of news is negative examples and represented with the striking headlines. Within the ten years duration explored, a transformation has been identified in both the cases, which are the sources of the news and how they are presented in the newspapers. As a conclusion, it is argued that the Turkish media should adopt a more positive and realistic attitude towards reflecting teachers’ social representation. (shrink)