Collaboration requires agents to coordinate their behavior on the fly, sometimes cooperating to solve a single task together and other times dividing it up into sub‐tasks to work on in parallel. Underlying the human ability to collaborate is theory‐of‐mind (ToM), the ability to infer the hidden mental states that drive others to act. Here, we develop Bayesian Delegation, a decentralized multi‐agent learning mechanism with these abilities. Bayesian Delegation enables agents to rapidly infer the hidden intentions of others by inverse planning. (...) We test Bayesian Delegation in a suite of multi‐agent Markov decision processes inspired by cooking problems. On these tasks, agents with Bayesian Delegation coordinate both their high‐level plans (e.g., what sub‐task they should work on) and their low‐level actions (e.g., avoiding getting in each other's way). When matched with partners that act using the same algorithm, Bayesian Delegation outperforms alternatives. Bayesian Delegation is also a capable ad hoc collaborator and successfully coordinates with other agent types even in the absence of prior experience. Finally, in a behavioral experiment, we show that Bayesian Delegation makes inferences similar to human observers about the intent of others. Together, these results argue for the centrality of ToM for successful decentralized multi‐agent collaboration. (shrink)

本书集中了当今学术界马一浮研究与近现代思想学术史的专家,从各个角度对马一浮学术思想与生平活动予以述介与阐发。.

本书共分十一章,内容包括:时代的挑战、历史之源、龙精凤魄、百年变迁、三十年探索、道德的困惑、龙与十字架、跨世纪的国魂、从私德到公德、走向新境界等。.

This book uses Western philosophical tradition to make a case for a form of thinking properly associated with ancient China.

Moral distress has been covered extensively in the nursing literature and increasingly in the literature of other health professions. Cases that cause nurses’ moral distress that are mentioned most frequently are those concerned with prolonging the dying process. Given the standard of aggressive treatment that is typical in intensive care units (ICUs), much of the existing moral distress research focuses on the experiences of critical care nurses. However, moral distress does not automatically occur in all end-of-life circumstances, nor does every (...) critical care nurse suffer its damaging effects. What are the practices of these nurses? What specifically do they do to navigate around or through the distressing situations? The nursing literature is lacking an answer to these questions. This article reports a study that used narrative analysis to explore the reported practices of experienced critical care nurses who are skilled at and comfortable working with families and physicians regarding the withdrawal of aggressive treatment. A major finding was that these nurses did not report experiencing the dam-Moral Agency, Moral Imagination, and Moral Community: Antidotes to Moral Distress Terri Traudt, Joan Liaschenko, and Cynthia Peden-McAlpine Terri Traudt, MBC, MA, is a Communications Consultant specializing in bioethics at the Center for Bioethics at the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis. [email protected] Joan Liaschenko, PhD, RN, FAAN, is a Professor at the Center for Bioethics and Nursing at the University of Minnesota. Cynthia Peden-McAlpine, PhD, ACNS, BC, is an Associate Professor in the School of Nursing at the University of Minnesota. © 2016 by The Journal of Clinical Ethics. All rights reserved. aging effects of moral distress as described in the nursing literature. The verbal communication and stated practices relevant to this finding are organized under three major themes: (1) moral agency, (2) moral imagination, and (3) moral community. Further, a total of eight subthemes are identified. The practices that constitute these themes and subthemes are further detailed and discussed in this article. Understanding these practices can help mitigate critical care nurses’ moral distress. (shrink)

We investigate two under-explored factors in mitigating the risk of corporate fraud and regulatory enforcement against fraud, namely institutional investors and political connections. The role of institutional investors in the effective monitoring of a firm’s management is well established in the literature. We further observe that firms that have a large proportion of their shares held by institutional investors have a lower incidence of enforcement actions against corporate fraud. The importance of political connections for enterprises, whether in a developed market (...) such as the United States or an emerging market such as China, has been established by previous studies. However, we find evidence of another positive effect of political connections: they may reduce the incidence of enforcement action against corporate fraud. We also find that political connections play a more significant role in reducing regulatory enforcement incidents against non-state-owned enterprises and firms in weaker legal environments, whereas institutional ownership plays a more important role in reducing regulatory enforcement incidents against state-owned enterprises. (shrink)

The target article retains the traditional account of saccades as conjugate eye movements. However, recent single-unit recordings of premotor cells in the saccade pathway (excitatory burster neurons [EBNs]) found that they do not encode conjugate eye velocity, but rather, monocular eye velocity. These data argue against the traditional concept of saccades as inherently conjugate. Instead, they suggest a monocular mechanism in the sensorimotor transformation stage of saccade generation. This commentary will discuss the implications of these data for the saccade generation (...) model proposed in Findlay & Walker's target article. (shrink)

本書以南宋哲學家朱熹的窮理工夫論為研究對象，旨在通過溯源式的檢討、理論本身的檢討、展望式的檢討等三個向度，探究此一學說的理論效力。 書中首先勾勒朱熹工夫論的輪廓，剖析「工夫」與「工夫論」之要義，探討窮理工夫論的出現，其立基是否穩固；即朱熹自「中和舊說」轉向「中和新說」的窮理工夫論，本身是否有充分的理據？其次，作為修養工夫樞紐的「窮 理」，本身既屬於「知」的活動，則它如何保證道德實踐之「行」？最後，立足於現代，朱熹的窮理之學要如何解答我們所面臨的難題？對我們的未來又能帶來什麼樣的啟示？ 期望透過盡可能準確且周延的詮釋，以及在三種向度下嚴格而深入的理論探討，讀者能較為全面地理解朱熹的窮理工夫論，以推進對朱熹哲學的研究，並為其進一步參與普遍哲學議題的討論，打下新的基礎。.

di 1 juan. Shi lun juan -- di 2 juan. Fan chou juan -- di 3 juan. Men lei juan.

Xiong Shili / Li Shuangqing zhu -- Zhang Junmai / Jiang Yongzhen zhu -- Jiang Zhongzheng / Wu Jiping zhu.

Translators’ Abstract: This is a translation of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s recently discovered 1952 Berlin speech. The speech includes several themes that reappear in Truth and Method, as well as in Gadamer’s later writings such as Reason in the Age of Science. For example, Gadamer criticizes positivism, modern philosophy’s orientation toward positivism, and Enlightenment narratives of progress, while presenting his view of philosophy’s tasks in an age of crisis. In addition, he discusses structural power, instrumental reason, the objectification of nature and human (...) beings, the reduction of both to mere means, and the colonization of scientific-technological ways of knowing and being—all of which continue to impact our social and political lives together and threaten the very existence of every living being. This speech is essential reading for Gadamer scholars interested in the social, political, and ethical dimensions of his thought and for those interested in bringing Gadamer into conversation with critical theory. (shrink)

Despite accumulated evidence from previous studies that green creativity is highly emphasized in various industries, limited research has been conducted in the context of public sectors. Drawing on the dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations, this paper aims to propose and sequentially test the relationship between green training and employees’ green creativity through green values and green intrinsic motivation. Based on the data collected in Chinese public sectors at two different time points, the results indicate that green (...) training is positively related to green creativity. Moreover, this relationship is sequentially mediated by green values and green intrinsic motivation. The results in our study advance the emergent literature on green human resource management in the public sector for the practical applications of training and creativity in terms of green management. (shrink)

The widespread use of Internet technology has changed people’s traditional life mode and created a new market transaction mode, namely, e-commerce platform. The Internet of Things can carry out real-time monitoring and management of any product in e-commerce and not only can realize information sharing in commercial activities but also can play a greater role in the protection of personal and enterprise information security. In this context, the efficiency and low cost of information flow, cash flow, logistics, and human resources (...) among enterprises are particularly important. The Internet of Things technology is a means to effectively improve and optimize the operation mode of the supply chain. This paper analyzes the status of traditional supply chain management, which discusses the development of a supply chain management based on the Internet of Things technology. Finally, this paper analyzes how to realize the optimization strategy of e-commerce supply chain management based on the Internet of Things technology, which provides strong support for the informatization of e-commerce supply chain management. Through the application of the Internet of Things technology, small- and medium-sized enterprises can optimize the workflow and circulation links of the e-commerce supply chain management, enhance the matching level of product value and information transmission, improve the supply chain operation mechanism, and increase economic benefits. (shrink)

Como forma de cuestionamiento social e ideológico, la modalidad parricida y alegórica se ha consolidado como una estética paradigmática en la narrativa contemporánea del Cono Sur. Caracterizadas por diversas posiciones identitarias, estas propuestas literarias dificultan la construcción de un lenguaje común. Bajo este contexto, el presente artículo realiza una revisión exhaustiva de las obras de autores como Andrés Neuman, Mauricio Electorat, Alejandra Costamagna, Lina Meruane y Patricio Pron, quienes exploran la reparación de los vínculos intersubjetivos. Como obra representativa de la (...) tendencia, Poeta chileno de Alejandro Zambra crea un denominador común y articula un espacio de consenso donde distintos sujetos se comunican poética y afectivamente. Con base en las tesis de teóricos como Jean-Luc Nancy, Laclau, Mouffe y Merleau-Ponty, se demuestra cómo esta novela configura una comunidad heterogénea y desbordada que encuentra sentidos universales a partir de las particularidades, lo que auspicia un consenso diferencial entre los sujetos a pesar de sus discrepancias. La relación entre el padrastro y el hijastro proyecta una mirada afectiva y empática hacia el Otro, al hallar lo trascendental en las experiencias fragmentarias, lo cual perpetúa la búsqueda de un sentido sólido en la posmodernidad. (shrink)

One of the most efficient nondestructive methods for pipeline in-line inspection is magnetic flux leakage inspection. Estimating the size of the defect from MFL signal is one of the key problems of MFL inspection. As the inspection signal is usually contaminated by noise, sizing the defect is an ill-posed inverse problem, especially when sizing the depth as a complex shape. An actor-critic structure-based algorithm is proposed in this paper for sizing complex depth profiles. By learning with more information from the (...) depth profile without knowing the corresponding MFL signal, the algorithm proposed saves computational costs and is robust. A pinning strategy is embedded in the reconstruction process, which highly reduces the dimension of action space. The pinning actor-critic structure helps to make the reward for critic network more efficient when reconstructing the depth profiles with high degrees of freedom. A nonlinear FEM model is used to test the effectiveness of algorithm proposed under 20 dB noise. The results show that the algorithm reconstructs the depth profile of defects with good accuracy and is robust against noise. (shrink)