Stories about corporate social responsibility have become very frequent over the past decade, and managers can no longer ignore their impact on firm value. In this paper, we investigate the extent and the determinants of the stock market’s reaction following ordinary news related to environmental, social and governance issues—the so-called ESG factors. To that purpose, we use an original database provided by Covalence EthicalQuote. Our empirical analysis is based on about 33,000 ESG news, targeting one hundred listed companies over the (...) period 2002–2010. On average, firms facing negative events experience a drop in their market value of 0.1%, whereas companies gain nothing on average from positive announcements. We find also that market participants are responsive to the media, but they do not react to firms’ press releases or to NGOs’ disclosures. Moreover, our results indicate that sector’s reputation mitigates the loss and that cultural proximity and lexical contents of ESG disclosures play a significant role in the magnitude of the impact. (shrink)

Invités à renouer avec la pratique de la disputatio médiévale, deux philosophes débattent sur l'existence de Dieu, question traditionnelle aujourd'hui réactivée. Philippe Capelle, doyen de la faculté de philosophie de l'Institut catholique de Paris et président de la Conférence mondiale des facultés de philosophie des universités catholiques, expose ses arguments de philosophe et théologien croyant. André Comte-Sponville, philosophe et écrivain, définit sa position d'" athée fidèle ". L'argumentation est serrée, à la fois rigoureuse et vivante, exigeante et claire ; le (...) débat est cordial mais sans concession. L'ouvrage le confirme : sur une question aussi sensible, le dialogue généreux est créateur. A sa lecture, on reçoit une leçon de loyauté intellectuelle, de respect de l'autre, d'humanité telle qu'on l'aime. (shrink)

The dominant account of welfare in medicine is an objective one; welfare consists of certain favoured health states, or in having needs satisfied, or in certain capabilities and functionings. By contrast, I present a subjective account of welfare, suggested initially by LW Sumner and called “authentic happiness”. The adoption of such an account of welfare within medicine offers several advantages over other subjective and objective accounts, and systematises several intuitions about patient-centredness and autonomy. Subjective accounts of welfare are unpopular because (...) of their implications for justice and the autonomy of the healthcare professional. This account of welfare, however, seems to have the resources to resist these criticisms. (shrink)

According to orthodox views of philosophical methodology, when philosophers appeal to intuitions, they treat them as evidence for their contents. Call this “descriptive evidentialism.” Descriptive evidentialism is assumed both by those who defend the epistemic status of intuitions and by those, including many experimental philosophers, who criticize it. This article shows, however, that the idea that philosophers treat intuitions as evidence struggles to account for the way philosophers treat intuitions in a variety of philosophical contexts. In particular, it cannot account (...) for philosophers' treatment of a priori intuitions, for nonpropositional uses of intuition, and for philosophers' failure to use intuition to exclude the counterintuitive. The article concludes that alternatives to descriptive evidentialism (some of which are sketched) must be developed, and that much of the recent debate between traditionalists and skeptics from, for example, experimental philosophy is probably based on a false presupposition. (shrink)

"Six Metaphysical Meditations" by René Descartes (translated by William Molyneux). Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to (...) everyone in a high-quality digital format. (shrink)

Deux penseurs entrent en dialogue. Pour relever ensemble un même pari. Afin de dire symphoniquement le pourquoi et le comment de l'embrasement de la violence religieuse à l'échelle planétaire. Qu'en est-il du christianisme et de l'islam, de leurs théologies et de leurs histoires au regard de la philosophie, née en Grèce? La rencontre, nouée au Moyen Âge, est-elle devenue impossible aujourd'hui? Comment peut-on et doit-on philosopher en islam et en christianisme pour le bénéfice d'une mutuelle compréhension? Une religion sans philosophie (...) ne risque-t-elle pas l'irrationalisme jusqu'au fanatisme? Une philosophie sans religion ne risque-t-elle pas le rationalisme jusqu'à l'aveuglement? Pour lutter contre ces deux écueils et transcender l'affrontement des croyances, ces deux philosophes de renom et de la même génération, l'un catholique, l'autre musulman, Philippe Capelle-Dumont et Souleymane Bachir Diagne, nous font partager ici leur science, leur passion et leur appel à la paix, sous la houlette de Damien Le Guay, lui-même philosophe, attentif aux signes du temps présent. Un livre pour apprendre et enfin savoir. Un vibrant plaidoyer contre la tentation identitaire et conflictuelle. Un ouvrage salutaire à lire, à méditer et à transmettre."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

La relation entre la philosophie et la théologie est coexistensive au mouvement du penser de Martin Heidegger. Elle n'a pas seulement fait l'objet d'une Conférence en 1927. Elle ne saurait constituer non plus un simple thème de relecture de son œuvre. Après la publication, ces deux dernières décennies, de plusieurs textes majeurs de l'auteur, restés longtemps inconnus, à l'heure du renouvellement des recherches sur ses origines sociales et intellectuelles, la question appelait un nouvel examen. Philippe Capelle met en relief les (...) trois topiques fondamentales de cette relation philosophie et théologie scripturaire, philosophie et ontothéologie, pensée de l'être et attente du dieu, ainsi que les différentes étapes de leur thématisation. Il analyse le rapport de Heidegger à la tradition théologique en faisant valoir un triple point de vue l'enracinement dans la culture catholique ; la dette vis-à-vis des schèmes fondamentaux des théologies catholique et (surtout) protestante, ainsi que de leurs principaux fondateurs : saint Paul, saint Augustin, la scolastique médiévale, Luther, Bultmann ; la provenance qui autorise paradoxalement la sortie jamais achevée de la théologie chrétienne. Rejetant toute interprétation théologique de la pensée heideggerienne, il interroge enfin le thème du " retrait " comme motif herméneutique central et comme pivot d'une approche renouvelée des rapports entre la philosophie et la théologie. (shrink)

'Uncertainty and chance' is a subject with a broad span, in that there is no academic discipline or walk of life that is not beset by uncertainty and chance. In this book a range of approaches is represented by authors from varied disciplines: natural sciences, mathematics, social sciences and medical sciences. At one extreme, this volume is concerned with the foundations of probability. At the other extreme, we have scholars who acknowledge the concept of chance and uncertainty but do not (...) cope with it by means of systematic measurement or quantative analysis. (shrink)

El trabajo examina los primeros juicios conocidos de Ortega sobre Cervantes y el Quijote, contenidos en diversas cartas de su epistolario con Unamuno y Navarro Ledesma, así como un artículo inédito que data de sus años de estancia en Alemania. Atribuye a Cervantes una teoría de la "simpatía", que construye el mundo desde la imaginación. Tal doctrina parece guardar estrecha relación con otras ideas de J.F. Herbart, filósofo y educador alemán cuyas ideas expuso con profundidad Ortega en 1914.

This is the first piece of a three-part article about the allegorical aspects of the legend of the Golem and its epistemological, political and ethical implications in our Internet plugged-in connected times. There are three sets of Golem allegories that may refer to questions relating either to language and knowledge, work and technique, or life and existence. The Golem allegories will be read through three major narratives that are also clearly or potentially allegorical: Walter Benjamin’s allegory of the chess player (...) at the very beginning of his theses On the Concept of History, William Shakespeare’s last play The Tempest and James Cameron’s movie The Terminator. Each one of these narratives is going to be considered as a key allegory for a determinate aspect of the Golem, following a three-movement reading of the Golem legend that structures this very text as its logical outcome. (shrink)

I show that the recursive structure of Leibniz's Law requires agents to perform infinitely many operations to psychologically identify the referents of phenomenal and physical concepts, even though the referents of ordinary concepts (e.g. Hesperus and Phosphorus) can be identified in a finite number of steps. The resulting problem resembles the hard problem of consciousness in the fact that it appears (and indeed is) unsolvable by anyone for whom it arises, and in the fact that it invites dualist and eliminativist (...) responses. Moreover, if this is the hard problem then we can predict that regardless of the strength of the argument for physicalism, and regardless of physicalism's truth, an ineliminable dissatisfaction is bound to accompany any physicalist theory of consciousness. Accordingly, I suggest that this is the hard problem of consciousness, and therefore that the hard problem arises from a recursively degenerate application of Leibniz's Law. (shrink)

In this paper, we use online search engines and archive collections to examine the popularity of socially responsible investing (SRI) in newspapers and academic journals. A simple content analysis suggests that most of the papers on SRI focus on financial performance. This profusion of research is somewhat puzzling as most of the studies used roughly the same methodology and obtained very similar results. So, why are there so many studies on SRI financial performance? We argue that the academic literature on (...) SRI is mostly data driven: the famous ‘looking for the keys under the lamppost’ syndrome. The question of the financial performance of the SRI funds is certainly relevant but maybe too much attention has been paid to this issue, whereas more research is needed on a conceptual and theoretical ground, in particular the aspirations of SRI investors, the relationship between regulation and SRI as well as the assessment of extra-financial performances. (shrink)

From the assumption that the presence of consciousness is detectable, in the first instance, only from behavioral indicators, I offer a proof to the effect that, with respect to any theory T that states that some particular state or process is the neural correlate of consciousness, there are always rival neural correlates that, from T’s perspective, can never be empirically ruled out. That's because, with respect to these states, the means of detecting consciousness is disrupted along with the empirical test. (...) Possible responses are discussed. (shrink)

BackgroundVerbal autopsy is a pragmatic approach for generating cause-of-death data in contexts without well-functioning civil registration and vital statistics systems. It has primarily been conducted in health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) in Africa and Asia. Although significant resources have been invested to develop the technical aspects of verbal autopsy, ethical issues have received little attention. We explored the benefits and burdens of verbal autopsy in HDSS settings and identified potential strategies to respond to the ethical issues identified.MethodsThis research was (...) based on a case study approach centred on two contrasting HDSS in Kenya and followed the Mapping-Framing-Shaping Framework for empirical bioethics research. Data were collected through individual interviews, focus group discussions, document reviews and non-participant observations. 115 participants were involved, including 86 community members (HDSS residents and community representatives), and 29 research staff (HDSS managers, researchers, census field workers and verbal autopsy interviewers).ResultsThe use of verbal autopsy data for research and public health was described as the most common potential benefit of verbal autopsy in HDSS. Community members mentioned the potential uses of verbal autopsy data in addressing immediate public health problems for the local population while research staff emphasized the benefits of verbal autopsy to research and the wider public. The most prominent burden associated with the verbal autopsy was emotional distress for verbal autopsy interviewers and respondents. Moral events linked to the interview, such as being unsure of the right thing to do (moral uncertainty) or knowing the right thing to do and being constrained from acting (moral constraint), emerged as key causes of emotional distress for verbal autopsy interviewers.ConclusionsThe collection of cause-of-death data through verbal autopsy in HDSS settings presents important ethical and emotional challenges for verbal autopsy interviewers and respondents. These challenges include emotional distress for respondents and moral distress for interviewers. This empirical ethics study provides detailed accounts of the distress caused by verbal autopsy and highlights ethical tensions between potential population benefits and risks to individuals. It includes recommendations for policy and practice to address emotional and moral distress in verbal autopsy. (shrink)

Des tracés incisés ont été identifiés en 2014 et 2015 sur les murs du théâtre de Milet. Ces profils et élévations d’éléments architecturaux des phases impériales de l’édifice s’inscrivent dans un corpus qui compte aujourd’hui plus de cent trente épures et nous éclaire sur le dessin d’architecture et son usage sur les chantiers de construction dans l’Antiquité. À la lumière de ce corpus, on peut interpréter quelques épures de Milet : un ensemble de dessins dans l’hyposkènion, comprenant les moulures de (...) base et de couronnement du piédestal formant la tête du parapet de la cavea impériale (iie s. apr. J.‑C.) et une étude de fronton pour la première scaenae frons (ier s. apr. J.‑C.) ainsi qu’une représentation d’arcs de l’analemma Ouest (iie s. apr. J.‑C.) dans la partie basse de ce mur. Sont enfin présentés un inédit d’Ostroucha et une interprétation de deux dessins d’Aphrodisias jusqu'alors inexpliqués. (shrink)

La relation entre la métaphysique et le christianisme a fait l’objet, tout au long du XXe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui, de nombreux et puissants conflits d’interprétations, les unes tendant à régionaliser le christianisme dans les thèmes et les concepts de la métaphysique grecque, d’autres plaçant le discours théologique en position de science récapitulative de la quête métaphysique, d’autres encore estimant pouvoir déclarer l’hétérogénéité des deux traditions philosophique et théologique. Etienne Gilson avait certes montré tôt la part que le christianisme a effectivement (...) prise dès avant le Moyen Age dans le destin de la métaphysique et relevé les modalités par lesquelles la métaphysique avait pu favoriser l’auto-intelligibilité du christianisme. Sans doute ne suffit-il plus aujourd’hui de discuter les thèses contrastées d’une métaphysique «postchrétienne» ou d’un christianisme «postmétaphysique» ; il convient, en amont, de poser la question des conditions par lesquelles la métaphysique, surmontant ses apories théoriques et redéfinissant ses attendus, peut renouveler son interlocution avec le christianisme et réciproquement. (shrink)

The history of philosophy exhibits recurrent interest in the phenomenon and claims of mysticism. Contemporary philosophers (e.g., Blondel, Heidegger) have recognized the irreducibility of mystical experience to philosophical analysis, and adopted a receptive attitude toward it, considering it a valuable source of insight into the religious way of life. In Philosophie et mystique, Breton pursues this latter task according to a phenomenology of relations in which “being-in” the element of the Absolute appears as the essential structure of mystical experience. From (...) this perspective, it becomes necessary to see a rationality that is both proper to mysticism and intelligible to philosophy. (shrink)

Eighty one years on, the Russian Revolution remains an event of unique significance for socialists, Marxists and historical materialists. It is the only occasion to date of which it can plausibly be claimed that the working class itself overthrew the capitalist state, established its own power and maintained it on a national scale for a significant period of time. Discount the Russian Revolution and we are left only with heroic but local and short-lived attempts and near-misses such as the Paris (...) Commune, the Hungarian Revolution of 1919, the Munich Soviet and Barcelona 1936, or the long list of seizures of power, usually by armed forces of one sort or another, in the name of the working class or Marxism. (shrink)

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