Results for 'Astronomy and astrology'

975 found
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  1.  63
    Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran.David Pingree - 1963 - Isis 54 (2):229-246.
  2.  85
    Astronomy and Astrology in the Works of Abraham ibn Ezra.Bernard R. Goldstein - 1996 - Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 6 (1):9-21.
    Abraham ibn Ezra d'Espagne (m. 1167) fut l'un des plus importants savants ayant contribué à la transmission de la science arabe à l'Occident. Ses ouvrages en astrologie et en astronomie, rédigés en hébreu puis traduits en latin, étaient considéréd comme faisant autorité par de nombreux savants juifs et Chrétiens. Parmi les ouvrages qu'il a traduits de l'arabe en hébreu, certains sont perdus dans leur langue originale et ses propres ouvrages renferment certaines informations concernant des sources anciennes mal ou pas du (...)
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  3.  19
    Astronomy and Astrology in al-Andalus and the Maghrib. By Julio Samsó. [REVIEW]J. L. Berggren - 2012 - Journal of Islamic Studies 23 (1):122-125.
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  4.  29
    The Semantic Distinction between the Terms Astronomy and Astrology according to al-Biruni.S. Pines - 1964 - Isis 55 (3):343-349.
  5.  50
    Tycho Brahe and the Separation of Astronomy from Astrology: The Making of a New Scientific Discourse.Gábor Almási - 2013 - Science in Context 26 (1):3-30.
    ArgumentThe subject of the paper is the shift from an astrology-oriented astronomy towards an allegedly more objective, mathematically grounded approach to astronomy. This shift is illustrated through a close reading of Tycho Brahe's scientific development and the contemporaneous changes in his communicational strategies. Basing the argument on a substantial array of original sources it is claimed that the Danish astronomer developed a new astronomical discourse in pursuit of credibility, giving priority to observational astronomy and natural philosophical (...)
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  6.  83
    On Professor Westman's Reply to Copernicus and Astrology, with an Appendix of Translations of Additional Primary Sources.N. M. Swerdlow - 2013 - Perspectives on Science 21 (3):384-385.
    Professor Westman’s reply need be considered only briefly. When I received for review The Copernican Question, Prognostication, Skepticism, and Celestial Order, with its superlative commendations, I believed I had in my hands a book of surpassing erudition, the culmination of more than forty years of study by one of the world’s greatest experts on Copernicus and the astronomy and astrology of the Renaissance and early modern period. Imagine my surprise as I read this vast tome and discovered that (...)
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  7.  41
    "Abraham, Planter of Mathematics"': Histories of Mathematics and Astrology in Early Modern Europe.Nicholas Popper - 2006 - Journal of the History of Ideas 67 (1):87-106.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Abraham, Planter of Mathematics":Histories of Mathematics and Astrology in Early Modern EuropeNicholas PopperFrancis Bacon's 1605 Advancement of Learning proposed to dedicatee James I a massive reorganization of the institutions, goals, and methods of generating and transmitting knowledge. The numerous defects crippling the contemporary educational regime, Bacon claimed, should be addressed by strengthening emphasis on philosophy and natural knowledge. To that end, university positions were to be created devoted (...)
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  8.  13
    Galen on the astronomers and astrologers.G. J. Toomer - 1985 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 32 (3):193-206.
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  9.  43
    Astrological reform, Calvinism, and Cartesianism: Copernican astronomy in the Low Countries, 1550–1650.Steven Vanden Broecke - 2004 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 35 (2):363-381.
  10. The instrumental Brahmin and the “half-caste” computer: Astronomy and colonial rule in Madras, 1791–1835.S. Prashant Kumar - 2023 - History of Science 61 (3):308-337.
    What did science make possible for colonial rule? How was science in turn marked by the knowledge and practices of those under colonial rule? Here I approach these questions via the social history of Madras Observatory. Constructed in 1791 by the East India Company, the observatory was to provide local time to mariners and served as a clearinghouse for the company’s survey and revenue administration. The astronomical work of Madras’ Brahmin assistants relied upon their knowledge of jyotiśāstra [Sanskrit astronomy/ (...)], and can be seen as a specialized form of the kind of South Indian scribal labor and knowledge that also staffed the company’s tax offices. If at Greenwich the division of labor meant observatory work bore resemblances to the factory and the accounts office, in Madras, astronomy and accounting drew on similar labor forms because they were part of the same enterprise. But the company did not just adapt preexisting forms of labor, it also attempted to produce its own at a school built near the observatory to train “half-caste” orphans as apprentice surveyors and assistant computers. The school, staffed by the Brahmins, drew upon knowledge and pedagogical practice associated with the tinnai, the schools in which upper-caste children learned to read, write, and calculate. For a time, the observatory’s social order was literally “half-caste.” The paper also considers how the relationship between caste, status, and instrument was reflected in the visual and material culture of the observatory, such as in Indian-language inscriptions on its central pillar. For company astronomers, the measurement of time meant reworking the relationships among the Indian past, the colonial present, and an imperial posterity. Science under colonial rule spanned multiple temporal and social registers because it was the result of negotiations between the demands of political economy and the knowledge and practices of colonized others. (shrink)
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  11.  79
    Technical Chronology and Astrological History in Varro, Censorinus and Others.A. T. Grafton & N. M. Swerdlow - 1985 - Classical Quarterly 35 (02):454-.
    Technical chronology establishes the structure of calendars and the dates of events; it is, as it were, the foundation of history, particularly ancient history. The chronologer must know enough philology to interpret texts and enough astronomy to compute the dates of celestial phenomena, above all eclipses, which alone provide absolute dates. Joseph Scaliger, so we are told, was the first to master and apply this range of technical skills: Of the mathematical principles on which the calculation of periods rests, (...)
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  12.  32
    Astrology and Astronomy in the Ninth CenturyThe Astrological History of Māshā'allāhE. S. Kennedy David Pingree.Heinrich Hermelink - 1973 - Isis 64 (1):108-110.
  13.  78
    The Astronomers' Game: Astrology and University Culture in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.Ann Moyer - 1999 - Early Science and Medicine 4 (3):228-250.
    The formal study of both astronomy and astrology in later medieval Europe was firmly based in the universities. Instruction in astrology is attested by the presence of an educational board game, known as the ludus astronomorum, in several university-related miscellanies of fifteenth-century English provenance. William Fulke also published an edition of the game a century later , which is attested in a number of Elizabethan libraries. The game serves to rehearse for its players the celestial motions and (...)
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  14.  53
    Astronomy, Astrology and Magic in Chaucer's Franklin's Tale.Angela Lucas - 1983 - The Maynooth Review / Revieú Mhá Nuad 8:5 - 16.
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  15.  11
    Astrology, Computers, and the Volksgeist.David Novitz - 1995 - Philosophy and Literature 19 (2):424-434.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Astrology, Computers, and the VolksgeistDenis DuttonCarroll Righter is not a name you will recognize, unless, perhaps, you’re old enough and you grew up reading the Los Angeles Times. Righter was the Times’s astrologer, and encountering his name recently brought back a couple of memories from the early 1950s. I remember finding it strange that a man (he was pictured alongside his column) was called Carroll, though he didn’t (...)
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  16.  36
    Sapientia Astrologica: Astrology, Magic and Natural Knowledge, Ca. 1250–1800: I. Medieval Structures (1250-1500): Conceptual, Institutional, Socio-Political, Theologico-Religious and Cultural.H. Darrel Rutkin - 2019 - Cham: Springer Verlag.
    This book explores the changing perspective of astrology from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Era. It introduces a framework for understanding both its former centrality and its later removal from legitimate knowledge and practice. The discussion reconstructs the changing roles of astrology in Western science, theology, and culture from 1250 to 1500. The author considers both the how and the why. He analyzes and integrates a broad range of sources. This analysis shows that the history of (...)
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  17.  46
    Astrology, Computers, and the Volksgeist.Denis Dutton - 1995 - Philosophy and Literature 19 (2):424-434.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Astrology, Computers, and the VolksgeistDenis DuttonCarroll Righter is not a name you will recognize, unless, perhaps, you’re old enough and you grew up reading the Los Angeles Times. Righter was the Times’s astrologer, and encountering his name recently brought back a couple of memories from the early 1950s. I remember finding it strange that a man (he was pictured alongside his column) was called Carroll, though he didn’t (...)
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  18.  9
    Re-examining the impact of European astronomy in seventeenth-century China: a study of Xue Fengzuo’s system of thought and his integration of Chinese and Western knowledge.Haohao Zhu & Longfei Chu - 2019 - Annals of Science 76 (3-4):303-323.
    During the late Ming and early Qing period, Jesuit missionaries introduced European science into China, and thereby profoundly influenced the later development of Chinese astronomy. Not only did European astronomy become the official system of the Qing dynasty, but the traditional way to ‘attain up above’ by connecting the study of astronomy and Yi learning gradually fell into disuse. However, the astronomers in this period expressed different views on these two processes. As one of the most important (...)
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  19. The demarcation of physical theory and astronomy by geminus and ptolemy.Alan C. Bowen - 2007 - Perspectives on Science 15 (3):327-358.
    : The Hellenistic reception of Babylonian horoscopic astrology gave rise to the question of what the planets really do and whether astrology is a science. This question in turn became one of defining the Greco-Latin science of astronomy, a project that took Aristotle's views as a starting-point. Thus, I concentrate on one aspect of the various definitions of astronomy proposed in Hellenistic times, their demarcation of astronomy and physical theory. I explicate the account offered by (...)
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  20.  65
    Observation and prediction in ancient astrology.Daryn Lehoux - 2004 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 35 (2):227-246.
    What is the relationship between observations, predictions, texts, and instruments in ancient astrology? By distinguishing between two distinct kinds of observation claim in astrological texts, I show on the one hand the rhetorical and theoretical importance of each kind of observation claim to ancient astrological traditions, and on the other hand how practices of ancient astrology break from observation once astronomical phenomena become reliably predictable. We thus see a shift in practice from observationally derived predictions to a reliance (...)
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  21.  13
    On Astronomia: an Arabic critical edition and English translation of Epistle 3.F. J. Ragep, Taro Mimura & Nader El-Bizri (eds.) - 2015 - New York: Oxford University Press, in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies.
    The Epistles of the Brethren of Purity' is an encyclopedic compendium, probably composed in tenth-century Iraq by a society of adepts with Platonic, Pythagorean, and Shi'i tendencies. Its 52 sections ('epistles') are divided into four parts (Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Sciences of the Soul and Intellect, and Theology). The current volume provides an edition, translation, and notes to Epistle 3 ('On Astronomia'), which forms one of the 14 sections on Mathematics. The content is a mixture of elementary astronomy and (...), but it is not a beginner's textbook. Rather, the purpose is to use examples from those disciplines to provide spiritual, moral, and soteriological guidance. Thus the Epistle uses the argument from design to show the necessity for a Creator who made the harmonious universe; this wondrous design is then employed by the authors as a model, providing humans with a paradigm for proper ethical, political, and even economic conduct; and the study of Astronomia helps the soul achieve ultimate happiness as it seeks to throw off the shackles of this mundane world and oppressive body in favour of the purity of the celestial realm.0Although by no means typical of Islamic astronomical literature, Epistle 3 of the Brethren of Purity gives a window into a fascinating and intriguing group operating during the early period of Islam who sought to continue and adopt one of the esoteric strands of Hellenistic philosophy within an Islamic context, meshing astronomy, astrology, Platonic-Pythagorean philosophy, Quranic and Biblical quotations, and anecdotes from the lives of the Abrahamic prophets. (shrink)
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  22.  47
    Against the Grammarians (Adversos Mathematicos I), and: Contro gli astrologi (review).John Christian Laursen - 2003 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 41 (1):125-126.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Philosophy 41.1 (2003) 125-126 [Access article in PDF] Sextus Empiricus. Against the Grammarians (Adversos Mathematicos I). Introduction, Commentary, and Translation by D. L. Blank. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. lvi + 436. Cloth, $105.00. Sesto Empirico. Contro gli astrologi. Introduction, Commentary, and Translation by Emidio Spinelli. Naples: Bibliopolis, 2000. Pp. 230. Paper, L. 70.000. No historian of philosophy should be retailing the old canards (...)
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  23.  2
    Sapientia Astrologica: Astrology, Magic and Natural Knowledge, ca. 1250-1800: I. Medieval Structures (1250-1500): Conceptual, Institutional, Socio-Political, Theologico-Religious and Cultural.H. Darrel Rutkin - 2019 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    This book explores the changing perspective of astrology from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Era. It introduces a framework for understanding both its former centrality and its later removal from legitimate knowledge and practice. The discussion reconstructs the changing roles of astrology in Western science, theology, and culture from 1250 to 1500. The author considers both the how and the why. He analyzes and integrates a broad range of sources. This analysis shows that the history of (...)
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  24.  2
    Stars and Systems: Two Works on the Astral Sciences.Michael Zellmann-Rohrer - 2024 - The Classical Review 74 (2):357-362.
    What moves the stars, and what do their movements mean for life on earth? As conventionally divided, even if the distinction of cognates was complicated already in antiquity, the answers to these questions belong respectively to astronomy and astrology. Graeco-Roman astrology generally dispensed with explanations of causes – perhaps because systems proposed by the likes of Aristotle, the topic of B. and C., were taken as given – to focus on describing and linking effects to the dispositions (...)
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  25.  7
    The astrological autobiography of a medieval philosopher: Henry Bate's Nativitas (1280-81).Henri Baten - 2018 - Leuven: Leuven University Press. Edited by Carlos G. Steel, Steven Vanden Broecke, David Juste & Shlomo Sela.
    Critical edition of the earliest known astrological autobiography. The present book reveals the riches of the earliest known astrological autobiography, authored by Henry Bate of Mechelen (1246-after 1310). Exploiting all resources of contemporary astrological science, Bate conducts in his Nativitas a profound self-analysis, revealing the peculiarities of his character and personality at a crucial moment of his life (1280). The result is an extraordinarily detailed and penetrating attempt to decode the fate of one's own life and its idiosyncrasies. The Astrological (...)
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  26.  17
    Meredith K. Ray, Margherita Sarrocchi's Letters to Galileo: Astronomy, Astrology, and Poetics in Seventeenth-Century Italy. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Pp. 98. ISBN 978-1-137-59769-4. £45.00. [REVIEW]Timothy Duffy - 2018 - British Journal for the History of Science 51 (1):160-161.
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  27.  22
    An alternative interpretation of BM 76829: astrological schemes for length of life and parts of the body.John Steele - 2022 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 76 (1):1-14.
    In this paper I present an alternative reading and interpretation of the cuneiform tablet BM 76829. I suggest that the obverse of the tablet contains a simple astrological scheme linking the sign of the zodiac in which a child is born to the maximum length of life, and that the reverse contains a copy of a scheme relating parts of the body to the signs of the zodiac.
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  28.  32
    Nautical astrology: a forgotten early modern tradition.Luís Campos Ribeiro - 2023 - Annals of Science 80 (3):199-231.
    While the link between navigation and astronomy is quite evident and its history has been extensively explored, the prognosticatory element included in astronomical knowledge has been almost completely left out. In the early modern world, the science of the stars also included prognostication known today as astrology. Together with astronomical learning, navigation also included astrology as a means to predict the success of a journey. This connection, however, has never been adequately researched. This paper makes the first (...)
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  29.  19
    Razi: Master of Quranic Interpretation and Theological Reasoning.Tariq Jaffer - 2014 - New York: Oxford University Press USA.
    Winner of the Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion: Textual Studies from the American Academy of ReligionFakhr al-Din al-Razi wrote prolifically in the disciplines of theology, Quranic exegesis, and philosophy. He composed treatises on jurisprudence, medicine, physiognomy, astronomy, and astrology. His body of work marks a momentous turning point in the Islamic tradition and his influence within the post-classical Islamic tradition is striking. After his death in 1210 his works became standard textbooks in Islamic institutions of (...)
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  30.  39
    A Lutheran Astrologer: Johannes Kepler.J. V. Field - 1984 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 31 (3):189-272.
    This completes what I think one may state and defend on physical grounds concerning the foundations of Astrology and the coming year 1602. If those learned in matters of Physics think them worthy of consideration, and communicate to me their objections to them, for the sake of eliciting the truth, I shall, if God grants me the skill, reply to them in my prognostication for the following year. I urge all who make a serious study of philosophy to engage (...)
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  31.  31
    Astrology in Dracontivs.A. E. Housman - 1910 - Classical Quarterly 4 (03):191-.
    Nec, si rationem siderum ignoret, poetas iniellegat said Quintilian of Γ ραμματική; and in the history of scholarship during the last two centuries there is much to confirm his sentence. The elements of astronomy were once part of a scholar's ordinary equipment, and astronomical allusions in the poets, if expounded at all and not left by the editor to the knowledge and intelligence of the reader, were usually expounded aright. The first three lines of Lucan's seventh book are briefly (...)
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  32.  49
    The true place of astrology among the mathematical arts of late Tudor England.Richard Dunn - 1994 - Annals of Science 51 (2):151-163.
    Sixteenth-century astrology was considered by its practitioners to be allied to a wide range of disciplines, including medicine, the magical arts and the mathematical arts. The last of these associations was particularly important, since it formed a cornerstone of the legitimation of the celestial art. Astrologers in late Tudor England sought to show, therefore, that astrology shared the characteristics of the increasingly strong and well-defined domain of the mathematical arts, and that it was an important ally of many (...)
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  33. Melanchthon: Orations on Philosophy and Education.Sachiko Kusukawa & Christine F. Salazar (eds.) - 1999 - Cambridge University Press.
    Philip Melanchthon, humanist and colleague of Martin Luther, is best known for his educational reforms, for which he earned the title Praeceptor Germaniae. His most influential form of philosophical writing was the academic oration, and this volume, first published in 1999, presents a large and wide-ranging selection of his orations and textbook prefaces translated into English. They set out his views on the distinction between faith and reason, the role of philosophy in education, moral philosophy, natural philosophy, astronomy and (...)
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  34. The Cosmos in Your Hand: A Note on Regiomontanus's Astrological Interests.Alberto Bardi - 2022 - Centaurus 64 (2):361-396.
    Johannes Müller von Königsberg (1436-1476), better known as Regiomontanus, is widely considered as the most influential astronomer and mathematician of 15th-century Europe. He was active as an astrologer and deemed astrology to be the queen of mathematical sciences. Despite this, Regiomontanus's astrological activity has yet to be fully explored. A brief examination of Regiomontanus's manuscripts shows that his astrological interests were accompanied by interests in the arts and in methods of prognostication. This article studies an unconventional astrological-chiromantical text, whose (...)
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  35.  26
    Science, patronage, and academies in early seventeenth-century Portugal: The scientific academy of the nobleman and university professor André de Almada.Luís Miguel Carolino - 2016 - History of Science 54 (2):107-137.
    This paper revisits the historiography of seventeenth-century scientific academies by analyzing an informal academy established in Coimbra (Portugal) by André de Almada, a nobleman and professor of theology at the University of Coimbra. By promoting this academy and sponsoring the publication of science books, Almada stimulated research on astronomy and animated links of patronage, which included not only members of the universities but also the community of astronomers and astrologers active in Lisbon. This paper challenges the traditional view of (...)
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  36.  12
    Time Measurement in Tibet: A Critical Introduction to the Works on Kālacakra Astronomy by Dieter Schuh, Premier Scholar in Contemporary German Tibetology. 조석효 - 2017 - The Journal of Indian Philosophy 51 (51):213-247.
    The German scholar Dieter Schuh is one of the contemporary giants of Tibetan studies. His seminal and ground-breaking work Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der tibetischen Kalenderrechnung, published in 1973, has made a lasting contribution to the field of Tibetan astronomical and historical research, clarifying the essence and calculation bases of Indo-Tibetan astronomy in Tibet (skar rtsis). Further, he has pioneered such new fields in Tibetology as sino-tibetan astrology (nag rtsis), manuscripts and xylographs, historical documents, the diplomatic history between Tibet (...)
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  37.  27
    A new source for Dominicus Gundissalinus's account of the science of the stars?Charles S. F. Burnett - 1990 - Annals of Science 47 (4):361-374.
    One source for the accounts of astrology and astronomy in Gundissalinus's De divisione philosophiae might have been an introduction to the science of the stars influenced by, if not originating from, the School of Chartres. This introduction survives in slightly different forms in three manuscripts, and is edited, along with Gundissalinus's chapters on astronomy and astrology, in the Appendix.
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  38. Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi. [REVIEW]John Walbridge - 2012 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 33 (1-2).
    Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi... is not exactly a household name, even for those involved with the history of Islamic science or Islamic thought in general. He was born around 1270 C.E. in Nishapur, at that time a major city in northeastern Iran, and died around 1330. He was probably a Shi'ite, though not aggressively so, to judge from his writings. Like most medieval Islamic scholars, he wrote in several fields. Works of his survive on astronomy, Qur'an commentary, and rhetoric, but (...)
     
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  39.  21
    The end of an error: Bianchini, Regiomontanus, and the tabulation of stellar coordinates.Glen Brummelen - 2018 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 72 (5):547-563.
    Giovanni Bianchini’s fifteenth-century Tabulae primi mobilis is a collection of 50 pages of canons and 100 pages of tables of spherical astronomy and mathematical astrology, beginning with a treatment of the conversion of stellar coordinates from ecliptic to equatorial. His new method corrects a long-standing error made by a number of his antecedents, and with his tables the computations are much more efficient than in Ptolemy’s Almagest. The completely novel structure of Bianchini’s tables, here and in his Tabulae (...)
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  40.  92
    Tycho's Talisman: Astrological Magic in the Design of Uraniborg.Alistair Kwan - 2011 - Early Science and Medicine 16 (2):95-119.
    Renaissance Vitruvianism provides a broad context in which to situate the architecture of Tycho Brahe’s Uraniborg, but fails to account for the motivation behind Tycho’s design, for how Tycho knew Vitruvian design principles, and for any of Uraniborg’s specific features. Identifying Uraniborg as a Palladian design fares even worse. Some of Uraniborg’s features can, however, be understood in terms of talismanic ideas such as those circulating in sources such as Agrippa’s De occulta philosophia (which Tycho possessed) and Dee’s Propaedeumata aphoristica. (...)
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  41.  23
    Wie können wir visuelle Anhaltspunkte in die Geschichte der mesopotamischen Astrowissenschaften integrieren?John Steele - 2020 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 28 (3):305-324.
    Significant progress has been made in understanding Mesopotamian astronomy and astrology since the decipherment of cuneiform tablets containing astronomical and astrological texts in the late nineteenth century. However, until now few attempts have been made to write a detailed history of the Mesopotamian astral sciences as opposed to detailed studies of particular texts and types of astronomy or astrology. My aim in this paper is to present some ideas of how such a history should be written (...)
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  42.  16
    The end of an error: Bianchini, Regiomontanus, and the tabulation of stellar coordinates.Glen Van Brummelen - 2018 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 72 (5):547-563.
    Giovanni Bianchini’s fifteenth-century Tabulae primi mobilis is a collection of 50 pages of canons and 100 pages of tables of spherical astronomy and mathematical astrology, beginning with a treatment of the conversion of stellar coordinates from ecliptic to equatorial. His new method corrects a long-standing error made by a number of his antecedents, and with his tables the computations are much more efficient than in Ptolemy’s Almagest. The completely novel structure of Bianchini’s tables, here and in his Tabulae (...)
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  43.  21
    Einleitung.Klaus-Dieter Herbst - 2022 - Studia Leibnitiana 54 (1):3-8.
    With an overview of the most important scientific innovations in 17th century Europe as a background, the focus is on the field of astronomy and its distinction from astrology. The essays collected in this volume are situated within this development of the early modern period.
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  44.  10
    Maimonides and the sciences.R. S. Cohen & Hillel Levine (eds.) - 2000 - Boston: Kluwer Academic.
    In this book, 11 leading scholars contribute to the understanding of the scientific and philosophical works of Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), the most luminous Jewish intellectual since Talmudic times. Deeply learned in mathematics, astronomy, astrology (which he strongly rejected), logic, philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and jurisprudence, and himself a practising physician, Maimonides flourished within the high Arabic culture of the 12th century, where he had momentous influence upon subsequent Jewish beliefs and behavior, upon ethical demands, and upon ritual traditions. For (...)
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  45.  25
    The Inquisition and the censorship of science in early modern Europe: Introduction.Francisco Malta Romeiras - 2020 - Annals of Science 77 (1):1-9.
    ABSTRACTDuring the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Inquisition was the institution most invested in the censorship of printed books in the Portuguese empire. Besides publishing the Indices of Forbidden Books, the Holy Office was also responsible for overseeing their implementation and ensuring their efficacy in preventing the importation, reading, and circulation of banned books. Overall, the sixteenth-century Indices condemned 785 authors and 1081 titles, including 52 authors and 85 titles of medicine, natural history, natural philosophy, astronomy, chronology, cosmography, (...), and divinatory arts. By looking at the largest collection of early modern scientific books in Portugal, I will argue that a closer inspection of marginalia and ownership, and the establishment of a typology of expurgations is essential for the comprehension of the actual practices and the mechanisms of censorship. By examining the material evidence of censorship, in order to reconstruct expurgation practices, this paper reveals the processes and effectiveness of ecclesiastical control in the Portuguese Inquisition and highlights the differences between what inquisitors wrote in the Indices and what others put into practice. (shrink)
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  46.  17
    Joseph Ibn Waqār and the treatment of retrograde motion in the middle ages.Bernard R. Goldstein & José Chabás - 2023 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 77 (2):175-199.
    In this article, we report the discovery of a new type of astronomical almanac by Joseph Ibn Waqār (Córdoba, fourteenth century) that begins at second station for each of the planets and may have been intended to serve as a template for planetary positions beginning at any dated second station. For background, we discuss the Ptolemaic tradition of treating stations and retrograde motions as well as two tables in Arabic zijes for the anomalistic cycles of the planets in which the (...)
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  47.  79
    Popper's Falsifiability and Darwin's Natural Selection.K. K. Lee - 1969 - Philosophy 44 (170):291 - 302.
    Popper Proposed the criterion of falsifiability as a solution to the problem of demarcation i.e. of distinguishing science from pseudo-science and not, as many of his contemporaries in the Vienna Circle mistook it to be, a solution to the quite different problem with which they themselves were preoccupied, viz. of providing a criterion of meaning to distinguish the meaningful from the meaningless. While the positivists were concerned to damn metaphysics and exalt science, by identifying the empirically verifiable with the meaningful, (...)
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    Alexandria between Antiquity and Islam: Commerce and Concepts in First Millennium Afro-Eurasia.Garth Fowden - 2019 - Millennium 16 (1):233-270.
    Late antique Alexandria is much better known than the early Islamic city. To be fully appreciated, the transition must be contextualized against the full range of Afro-Eurasiatic commercial and intellectual life. The Alexandrian schools ‘harmonized’ Hippocrates and Galen, Plato and Aristotle. They also catalyzed Christian theology especially during the controversies before and after the Council of Chalcedon (451) that tore the Church apart and set the stage for the emergence of Islam. Alexandrian cultural dissemination down to the seventh century is (...)
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    Moses Maimonides: The Man and His Works (review).Alfred L. Ivry - 2005 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 43 (4):484-485.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Moses Maimonides: The Man and His WorksAlfred L. IvryHerbert A. Davidson. Moses Maimonides: The Man and His Works. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. x + 567. Cloth, $45.00Herbert Davidson is a scholar of exceptional brilliance whose previous studies of medieval Jewish and Islamic philosophy have been widely acclaimed. In the present work, he ventures beyond philosophical argument to encompass an analysis of every aspect of the (...)
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  50. Pseudoscience and Idiosyncratic Theories of Rational Belief.Nicholas Shackel - 2013 - In Massimo Pigliucci & Maarten Boudry, Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press. pp. 417-438.
    I take pseudoscience to be a pretence at science. Pretences are innumerable, limited only by our imagination and credulity. As Stove points out, ‘numerology is actually quite as different from astrology as astrology is from astronomy’ (Stove 1991, 187). We are sure that ‘something has gone appallingly wrong’ (Stove 1991, 180) and yet ‘thoughts…can go wrong in a multiplicity of ways, none of which anyone yet understands’ (Stove 1991, 190). Often all we can do is give a (...)
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