The ideas and political commitments of the revolutionary abolitionist and Spencean Robert Wedderburn (1762–1835) represent a compelling example of a form of universality, articulated in the midst of the Age of Revolution, which defied European colonialism and plantation slavery. An engagement with Wedderburn’s writings on the Haitian Revolution, maroon warfare and his proposal of a Spencean communist programme will clarify ongoing debates about Enlightenment, empire, slavery and universality, and might inform a re-engagement with the idea of universal emancipation in the (...) political present. (shrink)

Divine revelation (waḥy), as a Qur'anic and religious concept in exegetical sources, isusually mentioned together with the institution of Prophethood (nubuwwa). Revelation came to itsend with the end of Prophethood. Therefore, although some have evaluated inspiration (ilhām) andtrue dream (ruʾyā sādiqa) within the this context of revelation, according to most of Islamic scholars,it is not permissible to refer to the recevings of the divinely saints as revelation. Revelation, for whichthe holy Qur'an designates three pattern of descension, is discussed also in (...) three categoriesthroughout the history of Islamic intellectual thought. Scholars of tafsir and theologians,philosophers, and mystics, all hold and bolster different views on the nature of revelation. Claims inSufi literature that inspiration can descend to divinely saints -beyond immediate delivery to theheart- through direct or indirect divine communication from behind a veil and through angles can beevaluated as an effort to create a conception of revelation that corresponds to the three modes ofrevelation, adressed in Qur’an, peculiar to prophets. With regard to the issue of continuity of divine revelation, a thorough examination of the Sufiliterature leads to the conclusion that revelation continues to decsend in its verbal form asinspiration but also, according to some Sufi authorities, in its noun forms unaniously considered aspeculiar to the prophets. Therefore, especially since the period of Sufism’s intermingling withphilosophy, the issues of accommdating sainthood (walāya) within the framework of generalprophethood (nubuwwa ʿāmme), the distinction between revelation and inspiration and itscontinuity appear as a very complex, unframed and unlimited field. This can be observed in theinstances addressed in this study. (shrink)

The present study focuses on the word ‘Kun’ from Quran. In this paper, the discourse of Quran and the conceptual ayah of ‘Kun’ is discussed with reference to exegetical context, the perceptual theory of creation and the reality of the relentless evolution of ‘Kun’ and its possible hermeneutics. The recognition of the ‘intention’ of God has to be unveiled in order to understand the theory of ‘Kun’ and the idea of Creation. The three dimensional design of ‘Kun’ can be seen (...) in the Quran as: the intention of ‘Kun’, when the creation exists in the intention of God; the imagination of God about ‘Kun’, which is the second stage and is related to the imaginable state of the ‘essence’ of ‘Kun’; the final stage refers to the ‘saying’ of ‘Kun’ by God, which unveils the intention of God. The relentless evolution is the reality that every time God says ‘Kun’, it discloses itself with unique creation. The relentless evolution in the perceptual theory of creation of ‘kun’ connects it with the theory of expansion of the cosmos and its evolution. The uniqueness of ‘Kun’ is unveiled in transcendence and immanence through the infinity Himself. (shrink)

Divine revelation, as a Qur'anic and religious concept in exegetical sources, is usually mentioned together with the institution of Prophethood. Revelation came to its end with the end of Prophethood. Therefore, although some have evaluated inspiration and true dream within the this context of revelation, according to most of Islamic scholars, it is not permissible to refer to the recevings of the divinely saints as revelation. Revelation, for which the holy Qur'an designates three pattern of descension, is discussed also in (...) three categories throughout the history of Islamic intellectual thought. Scholars of tafsir and theologians, philosophers, and mystics, all hold and bolster different views on the nature of revelation. Claims in Sufi literature that inspiration can descend to divinely saints -beyond immediate delivery to the heart- through direct or indirect divine communication from behind a veil and through angles can be evaluated as an effort to create a conception of revelation that corresponds to the three modes of revelation, adressed in Qur’an, peculiar to prophets. With regard to the issue of continuity of divine revelation, a thorough examination of the Sufi literature leads to the conclusion that revelation continues to decsend in its verbal form as inspiration but also, according to some Sufi authorities, in its noun forms unaniously considered as peculiar to the prophets. Therefore, especially since the period of Sufism’s intermingling with philosophy, the issues of accommdating sainthood within the framework of general prophethood, the distinction between revelation and inspiration and its continuity appear as a very complex, unframed and unlimited field. This can be observed in the instances addressed in this study. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to observe the impact of policy intervention on financial sustainability using the structural vector autoregression analysis. The population of the study is the manufacturing sector of Pakistan, which is an emerging economy. Data for 249 firms operating in the manufacturing sector are taken, collected from Datastream from 2005 to 2019, with total observations of 2,400. To conduct the analysis, R software is used for its better visualization. Results show that firm performance, corporate governance, and (...) sectoral policies have a positive and long-term impact on financial sustainability, whereas earning management and financialization not only have a negative impact, but this impact affects the operations of the corporate for a longer period. This study would be helpful for policymakers as it gives a framework for financial sustainability based on the policies and strategies developed by the sector. (shrink)

El presente estudio identifica el lento forjamiento de un procedimiento de subjetivación cristiano que, creado a propósito del uso de las riquezas entre finales del siglo II y mediados del siglo III de nuestra era, empieza a imaginar que la circulación de riquezas entre los hombres y mujeres en la tierra permite atesorar riquezas en el cielo. Se trata de un procedimiento penitencial de transformación de sí que permitirá a los y las cristianas remitir el mal hecho y manifestar su (...) verdad mediante un peculiar uso de las riquezas. El estudio de este procedimiento de subjetivación puede abrir un nuevo capítulo para explorar la formación de un tipo de experiencia con base a “cierto modo de relación de uno consigo mismo y cierta relación entre el mal y la verdad”, que Michel Foucault estudia en _Las confesiones de la carne_. Dicha experiencia no será, sin embargo, una experiencia de la carne. Si seguimos a Clemente de Alejandría, esta experiencia sería la de la constitución de una vida sencilla por quien se dirige a ser espiritualmente pobre, mientras que si escuchamos a Cipriano de Cartago la llamaríamos simplemente la de la constitución de un sujeto misericorde. Al terminar el estudio propondré que esta experiencia de la pobreza espiritual o de la misericordia descansa en una profesión de fe no verbalizada que revela una copertenencia entre el acto de fe y el acto de verdad a partir de la reflexividad del sujeto sobre sí mismo. En otras palabras, sostendré que el uso penitencial de las riquezas, aunque no se verbalizara, se dirigía a realizar un acto reflexivo de verdad. (shrink)

Plant production is diverse in the Asir region, and there are many methods of analysis. Perhaps factor analysis is one of the most important statistical methods through which productive power can be measured in various geographical regions. In this study, factor analysis was used to measure the developments of plant production in the agricultural sector in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia. The factor analysis showed the presence of three main factors that together explained about %86.55 of the total (...) variation in the development of plant production in the governorates of the Asir region. The study showed three mathematical algorithms that can measure the development of plant production in the Asir region according to the three main factors: First factor equation λ1=44.250%=-0.521*X_1 0.810*X_2+0.78*X_3+0.842*X_4+0.755*X_5 Second factor equation λ2=24.960%-0.228*X_1+0.352*X_2+0.936*X_3-0.226*X_4-0.380*X_5 The third factor equation λ3=17.344%0.796*X_1+0.291*X_2+0.104*X_3+0.339*X_4-0.153*X_5 -The study classified the governorates of the Asir region, based on the results of the analysis, into three groups, according to negative and positive 0.933-0.975 and includes Bisha - Abha - Ahad Rafaida - Khamis Mushait - in Al-Furn - Al-Barak, while the second group represents the category of 0.897-0.548 and includes the governorates of Mahayel, Asir - Tanmomah - Al-Namas - Tathleeth. The third group includes the category of 0.255--0234 and includes the governorates Sarat Ubaidah - Al-Majadra and Bariq - Tareeb - Dhahran Al-Janoub and Al-Harajah - Rijal Almaa. (shrink)

The social impact bond (SIB) is a new tool for financing innovative social projects and impact investment. This financial method has since been introduced (Warner,2013) in the whole world. SIBs are a strategically double-edged policy tool and policymakers should be prudent about SIBs because of legitimate convolution and management, responsibility, and precision (Tan, et al., 2021). The current study aims to explore the perspectives of academics and economists on the role played by Social Impact Bond in utilizing impact investment to (...) develop Asir district in line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. The descriptive-analytical method was adopted by the researcher in this study to describe the responses of the study sample to its topic. Some indicators of the mean, standard deviation, and relative significance of each item of the study area were employed. This paper is eminently reflective, and the methodology on relies on an analytical research method. In addition, the results of 100 brief investigations collected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are summed up to show the role played by Social Impact Bond in using Impact Investment and the circular economy's principles by businesses at the micro-level is underexplored in the literature. The findings of the study revealed that 82.3% of Academics and Economists perceive that the role played by social impact bond on utilizing impact investment to develop Asir district in line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 is effective, and the percentage of approval on the domain was high in terms of the mean of 3.86. Also, the study showed that Academics and Economists perceive Social impact bonds to include a wide range of interested parties such as Saudi governmental bodies, and investors to work together significantly to set up a SIB has many advantages as the mean hits 4.48 with a percentage of97.8 %. In light of the results, the study recommends decision-making bodies assess carefully what is the value added for applying social impact bonds. (shrink)

Small projects are among the most important projects that bring economic benefit to societies, especially developing societies, because of their effective role in training young people, investing in their energies, and urging them to establish their own small production units, which contributes to eliminating the phenomenon of the unemployment problem. The current research aims to design works of art using Asiri art motifs by recycling scraps of fabric, ready-made clothes, and furnishings using a patchwork method. This has led to an (...) interest in teaching industrial designers how to draw inspiration from Asiri art motifs and the different types that this art includes, whether geometric or floral, as a source of innovative and sustainable design in the field of artistic works using leftover factory fabrics. This is done through designs characterized by aesthetic and artistic values. Therefore, we made several designs suitable for use in artwork, inspired by the decorations of Asiri art in an abstract style, using the experimental descriptive approach. The research was based on three main axes: the axis of patchwork art techniques and the axis of sustainable development of the artwork. Focusing on Saudi traditional artistic decorations and combining them to develop small projects. The results of the research showed the possibility of utilizing leftover fabrics using the patchwork method to achieve sustainable development of artistic works derived from the decorations of Saudi Asiri art, benefiting from them in the field of small projects and employing them in innovative plastic compositions. Which combines simplicity and modernity, both in terms of design and performance. (shrink)

Sustainability is the result of modern-day design philosophy as a result of major industrial developments and many conflicts and wars. This concept is what prompted this research to focus on the possibility of achieving the principles of sustainability practically - in field reality - through the use of artificial intelligence techniques to create contemporary designs derived from the Saudi Asiri heritage and employ them in printing sustainable clothing supplements. Heritage-inspired design has cultural meaning and importance, and its purpose is to (...) transmit our heritage to our emerging generations, and therefore it is considered a type of sustainable thought. The Asir region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a rich heritage that is greatly influenced by the charming nature of the place. The Asir region is distinguished by the art of the “Asiri Cat,” which consists of engravings, lines, and aesthetic formations engraved by women specialized in this field. They inherited this art from the women who preceded them. Asiri art is distinguished from other arts. The use of bright natural colors such as blue, green, orange, black and white, as the Asir region is considered one of the important heritage and tourist areas within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has played a pivotal role in enriching the cultural and creative stock not only of the Saudi citizen, but also of the Arabian Gulf region. This is what prompted us in the current research to delve into the analysis of the creative and artistic aspects of Asiri art inscriptions and to benefit from the aesthetic values of Asiri art decorations in contemporary artistic designs that achieve sustainability for the purpose of exploiting them in the manufacture of plastic fittings for clothing supplements to serve small industries. Many diverse designs have been implemented using different printing techniques. From (direct drawing method - stencil printing - pictorial screen printing) the use of different types and colors to implement different products to produce clothing accessories that are closely related to the structure of form and content of Al-Qat Al-Asiri art, and depends on its aesthetic philosophy about the heritage and cultural references associated with the place and the artist’s own vision. To revive Saudi heritage. The research aims to take advantage of the geometric and floral decorative elements in Al-Qat Al-Asiri’s artistic engravings as a source for enriching and sustaining printed designs for women’s clothing supplements that are characterized by authenticity and contemporaryness, and preserving popular motifs by reformulating them. In keeping with the times, and preserving its most prominent features, in a way that enhances belonging and preserves the community’s heritage and values. From extinction, endless horizons of creativity and innovation have been achieved in the field of printing clothing supplements, and sustainable plastic repetition, which the designer or art practitioner resorts to in general, and the field of printing in particular, as a creative pluralistic plastic method.The research followed the descriptive and analytical approach in identifying the origins and characteristics of the Asir artistic inscriptions (the cat), analyzing their vocabulary, reformulating them, and drawing inspiration from them to enrich the printed designs of women’s clothing supplements, in addition to the experimental approach in the applied study through the use of different techniques and materials. The results of the study concluded that there are various aesthetic values in the Asiri cat engraving that can be used to create contemporary designs on clothing accessories using different printing techniques, in order to preserve the Asiri heritage in the southern region of the country. The study recommended the need to pay attention to studying heritage and the arts it contains because of its great importance, as it stimulates appreciation of traditional art and preserves it. (shrink)

Este artículo se orienta en sentido inverso al sugerido por Cristina Rivera Garza y refrendado por la mayoría de los textos especializados en su obra: en vez de priorizar la ruptura y la innovación, atiende la trabazón que ata _Autobiografía del algodón_ con una fecunda tradición narrativa en América Latina: aquella empecinada en representar la alteridad sociocultural. Mi hipótesis es que, sin menoscabo de los ademanes vanguardistas de esta novela, es dable hallar en ella tensiones que, en distintos niveles, remiten (...) a la dificultad de asir la imagen de los algodoneros a los que se pretende reivindicar. Así, pese a que _Autobiografía del algodón_ se ofrece como un tránsito de lo personal y familiar a lo comunitario/nacional (en tanto que extiende temporal y territorialmente los efectos de la siembra de algodón), lo cierto es que Rivera Garza se enfrenta a la dificultad de encarar literariamente un referente cuya filiación sociocultural es disímil a la suya. La fluctuación entre los atributos de la narración homodiegética y la heterodiegética, la exteriorización de las capas que componen el texto y el asomo a una temporalidad diferente son los recursos puestos en juego para tratar de menguar la ajenidad sustantiva frente al mundo aludido. (shrink)

La sugestión que puede quedar de la siguiente lectura a la conversación, es que esta lejos de ser superflua, es una actividad seria y promisoria para fortalecer valores éticos. Naturalmente, se trata de una conversación que pueda asir la crítica, reflexión, el argumento, la comprensión. Notas para una lectura ética de la conversación es la apuesta por empezar a reflexionar desde el punto de vista de la filosofía una actividad que día a día fortalece los lazos ciudadanos. Pensar el (...) valor ético de la conversación es pensar en la posibilidad de identificar unos horizontes éticos y morales a través de la interlocución, especialmente en la conversación. La construcción de una identidad personal o de un yo también puede asirse en la conversación, dado que en esta actividad el conversador se narra y narra su vida a su compañero interlocutor. (shrink)

Although different perspectives on the essence and qualities of the absolute existence have been put forward by the philosophers, theologians, and Sufī philosophers, in the context of this article, we will examine whether absolute existence has a causal efficacy in addition to special existence in the unity of the First Principle and the first effect. We will discuss the views of two Ottoman scholars, Baghdādīzāda (who lived in the second part of the 10th/16th century) and Arpacīzāda (d.1033/1623), who analyzed the (...) effect of absolute existence with its aforementioned qualities on the simplicity of the First Principle and its being a part of the complete cause as an incomplete cause. It is generally accepted by the philosophers that the First Principle is the simple complete cause of the first effect by virtue of its essence without the need for conditions, tools, or the removal of any obstacle. Therefore, the First Principle must be the cause of the first effect with its simple existence that does not consist of any sensory or intellectual parts. Therefore, the decisive issue in the discussions regarding the definition of the complete cause is the inclusion of both simple and compound entities. Because the definition of a complete cause that includes only simple or compound causes would be incomplete since it does not include all entities. The definition of complete cause preferred by philosophers such as al-Asīr al-Dīn al-Abharī (d.663/1265) and Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī (d.675/1277), who made important contributions to the conceptualization of complete and incomplete causes, as the totality of the things on which the maʿlūl depends in its existence, can only include composite entities. As a matter of fact, al-Sayyīd Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d.816/1413), in his Sharh al-Mawāqif and Hāshiya al-Tajrīd, states that the aforementioned definition of complete cause, which was mentioned by his predecessors al-Abharī and al-Kātibī has the possibility of including only composite entities, but he expresses that this situation is not a necessity with the example that a simple substance can be formed from a simple complete cause. The Ottoman scholar al-Khatībzāda (d.901/1496), who supported al-Jurjānī's sentiment that the aforementioned definition of the complete cause could only include composite entities, emphasized in his commentary on Tajrīd al-iʿtikād the possibility of accepting absolute existence as a necessary element for the realization of the complete cause, which led to the writing of separate treatises following the traces of this problem. In the context of al-Jurjānī and al-Khatībzāda's explanations, al-Baghdādīzāda addressed the possibility of absolute existence being a part of the complete cause without damaging the simplicity of the First Principle and wrote a separate treatise emphasizing that absolute existence does not eliminate the First Principle”s being a simple complete cause. Arpacīzāda was another Ottoman scholar who wrote a critical text in response to this treatise, which analyzed the effect of absolute existence on the existence of the first effect as a part of the complete cause and its relation to the special existence of the First Principle. In this article, we will try to reveal the effect of absolute existence on the First Principle's being a simple complete cause and the possibility of accepting it as a part of the complete cause through these individuals and treatises. (shrink)

El desafío conceptual de pensar lo político se refiere al intento – siempre, por definición, precario, frágil y destinado al fracaso- de asir un objeto intrínsecamente polisémico y que escapa a toda acción de encorsetamiento o limitación.Este artículo propondrá un código deliberado de lectura; un marco interpretativo específico para pensar lo político; entendiendo al conflicto como su categoría irremediablemente constitutiva. Con dicha finalidad, acudiremos a la obra de Nicolás Maquiavelo. Pensamiento que goza de fecundidad para pensar esta especificidad conflictiva (...) de lo político.El abordaje metodológico se desarrollará en base a una aproximación netamente teórica, a través de un ejercicio de exégesis de los textos maquiavelianos y el realce de su contemporaneidad para pensar lo político. (shrink)

El escrito rastrea cómo en la estética del Romanticismo alemán se da el viraje del genio como mediador absoluto, hacia un yo absolutizado que se comprende a sí mismo como superior a lo real. En primer lugar, se reconstruyen algunos principios clave acerca de la noción de genio y su importancia para el proyecto de reunificación entre hombre y mundo en el Romanticismo. Y, en segundo lugar, se muestra cómo, a partir de la imposibilidad de la obra de arte y (...) del artista por asir lo absoluto, estos principios son vertidos hacia la existencia tomándose como ideal ya no lo absoluto sino un vivir estético. Esto último desde la elaboración que hace Søren Kierkegaard de la estética romántica en O lo uno O lo otro I. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone ofrecer una muestra de la agudeza fenomenológica de la prosa de Roberto Arlt, el novelista argentino más influyente del siglo XX, mediante el estudio de un apartado de su novela más célebre: Los siete locos (1929). En él, el narrador-cronista describe la crisis psicótica sufrida por el protagonista tras ser abandonado por su esposa, descripción cuyos términos coinciden de manera sorprendente con los de la fenomenología de la vida de Michel Henry. Arlt, sin embargo, añade avant-la-lettre (...) una dimensión insospechada a la vertiente fenomenológica inaugurada por Henry, a saber: la descripción de la escisión esquizoide como la pérdida del mundo y la caída en la carne. Pero más allá de consistir en una determinación eidética de este trastorno, la originalidad de Arlt en cuanto fenomenólogo reside en el dispositivo narrativo que le permite asir la textura de las vivencias del protagonista. En ese sentido, la representación estereoscópica propia de la novela y el lenguaje metafórico del que se vale para figurar la vida invisible de la carne pueden ser considerados como el aporte específico de la ficción a la fenomenología existencial y a la psiquiatría fenomenológica. (shrink)

La diversificación de prácticas y estrategias laborales y organizativas suscitadas en Argentina en las últimas dos décadas ha puesto en evidencia la dificultad de asir la complejidad que las caracteriza con las categorías clásicas de observación y análisis utilizadas por la sociología del trabajo y las relaciones laborales. Esta dificultad tiene a su vez un correlato en el ámbito de las políticas públicas, lo cual conlleva diversos obstáculos al momento de regular y garantizar derechos y protecciones para los/as trabajadores/as (...) no asalariados/as, así como el marco de organización y negociación de sus condiciones laborales. Ante ello, este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las características que adquieren las relaciones laborales en las organizaciones de trabajadores/as asociados/as y autogestionados/as (no asalariados/as) a partir de la experiencia del caso argentino en el período 2003-2018. El recorte propuesto retoma diversos aspectos que hacen al campo de las relaciones laborales, como la seguridad social y el acceso a protecciones, las formas de gestión y organización del trabajo y las modalidades de representación y negociación colectiva. Se propone que el abordaje de las relaciones laborales en este sector requiere tener en cuenta dos dimensiones imbricadas. La primera —una dimensión normativa— refiere al análisis de las normas y regulaciones formales que delimitan el accionar de estas organizaciones. La segunda —una dimensión sociocultural— se refiere a las modalidades organizativas en términos políticos, sociales y productivos adoptadas por las organizaciones. Las reflexiones aquí presentadas se basan en observaciones y análisis realizados a partir de trabajos propios de investigación, vinculación y transferencia llevados a cabo con organizaciones asociativas. Asimismo, se ha recurrido a la técnica de análisis documental para la revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones realizadas en el campo temático de nuestro interés. (shrink)

This study aims to examine the effect of tuition fees, the effectiveness of the educational and administrative staff, and the aspiration for high-level universities in the future on the choice of private schools in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, examining the moderating effect of accreditation standards on the relationship between tuition fees, the effectiveness of the educational and administrative staff, the aspiration for high-level universities in the future, and the choice of private schools in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, the (...) researcher used the descriptive design and quantitative approach, depending on the questionnaire as the main instrument for collecting study data. The study was applied to a sample consisting of (289) parents of pupils in private schools in the Asir region, who were selected randomly. The results of this study showed that the tuition fees, the effectiveness of the educational and administrative staff, and the aspiration for high-level universities in the future on the choice of private schools. Also, the results showed that accreditation standards have a moderating effect on the relationship between tuition fees, the effectiveness of the educational and administrative staff, the aspiration for high-level universities in the future, and the choice of private schools. (shrink)